Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya Geiger kauntala ndi dosimeters zamakono

Anayambitsa mu 1908 ndi German sayansi Hans Vilgelmom Geygerom chipangizo ndi kudziwa ndi cheza ionizing chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu masiku athu. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi mkulu tilinazo chipangizo, umatha kudziwa zosiyanasiyana cheza. Chomasuka ntchito ndi mtengo wotsika n'zotheka kuti kugula Geiger kumatsutsana aliyense amene wasankha paokha kuyeza mlingo cheza nthawi iliyonse ndiponso kulikonse. Kodi chipangizo ichi ndi mmene ntchito?

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya Geiger kauntala

Ndi mamangidwe ndi Geiger kauntala ndi wosavuta. The womata chidebe ndi awiri maelekitirodi kupopa mafuta osakaniza ongokhala Neon ndi argon, amene mosavuta ionized. Umaperekedwa kwa maelekitirodi mkulu voteji (400 V), zomwe pakokha aliyense zochitika kumaliseche amachititsa mpaka nthawi kwambiri pamene gaseous sing'anga mu chipangizo si kuyamba ndondomeko ionization. Maonekedwe anabwera kuchokera kunja particles kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti ma elekitironi chachikulu ndi inapita patsogolo m'munda yoyenera, anayamba ionize mamolekyulu zina sing'anga gaseous. Chifukwa, mchikakamizo cha munda magetsi amachititsa chigumukire wa ma elekitironi ndi chilengedwe cha ayoni watsopano umene zikuchepa kuonjezera madutsidwe wa ion-elekitironi mtambo. The gaseous sing'anga Geiger kumaliseche amapezeka. Chiwerengero cha nyemba kuti m'kati mwa ena nthawi imeneyi mwachindunji njila kwa kuchuluka kwa particles olembedwa. Chotero mfundo zonse za Geiger kauntala.

The ndondomeko n'zosiyana, imene sing'anga gaseous amagwanso boma choyambirira amapezeka palokha. Mu zochita za halogen (zambiri chlorine kapena bromine) mu sing'anga kumachitika kwambiri recombination milandu. Zimenezi zambiri pang'onopang'ono, choncho nthawi chofunika kubwezeretsa tilinazo Geiger kauntala, - khalidwe yofunika kwambiri ya chipangizo nameplate.

Ngakhale kuti zochita za munthu Geiger potsimikizira mfundo ndi wosavuta, ndi amathandiza ku cheza ionizing wa zosiyanasiyana mitundu. Iwo α-, β-, γ-, komanso X-ray, nyutironi ndi cheza ultraviolet. Zidalira pa kapangidwe chipangizo. Motero, pakhomo zenera la Geiger kauntala, angathe kupeza zofewa α- ndi β-cheza unapangidwa Mica makulidwe a microns 3 10. Pakuti kudziwika X-ray zikhale za beryllium, ndi ultraviolet - khwatsi.

Kumene ntchito Geiger kauntala

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya Geiger kauntala ndi maziko a dosimeters zambiri zamakono. Izi zipangizo wamng'ono ali ndi mtengo wotsika, ali tilinazo m'malo okwezeka ndipo amatha kusonyeza zotsatira mayunitsi munthu angathe kuwaŵerenga. Chomasuka ntchito limakupatsani ntchito mafoni amenewa, ngakhale amene lakutali kwambiri mfundo dosimetry.

Kumbali ya mbali ndi lolondola miyezo dosimeters Kodi akatswiri ndi ogula. Mothandizidwa ndi iwo mungathe mwamsanga ndi mogwira mtima kudziwa gwero la ionizing cheza amapezeka m'madera poyera ndi m'nyumba.

zipangizozi ntchito mu ntchito mfundo za Geiger kauntala, akhoza yake kupala ngozi chizindikiro onse kudzera mwa chizindikiro zithunzi ndi Audio kapena kugwedera. Kotero, inu nthawi zonse onani chakudya, zovala, kufufuza mipando, zipangizo, zomangira ndi zina zotero. D. Pakuti pakalibe zoipa thupi cheza anthu.