Mfuti zazing'ono: makhalidwe ndi mtengo. Masewera ndi kusaka zida zazing'ono

Mfuti zazing'ono zomwe poyamba zinkaikidwa kuti zikhale njira yophunzitsira pozembera anthu ambiri, komanso kulimbitsa maluso omwe alipo kale. Ankaganiza kuti ngati munthu amadziwa bwino kugunda kwa mfuti, amatha kumenyana ndi zida mofulumira .

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Ntchito yaikulu kwambiri m'dziko lathu yalandira TOZ. Anali iwo pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko limene abwenzi athu adagwiritsa ntchito. Zida zazing'ono za TOZ zinapangidwa ku fakitale ya Tula. Wolemba ndi wokonza ndi mfuti ya guns D. Kochetov.

TOZ imasiyanitsa kuphweka kwa chipangizocho. Kwa nthawi yayitali, zida izi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo a sukulu komanso ku DOSAAF. Oimira a m'badwo wakale amadziwa bwino chitsanzo ichi. Mfuti yaing'ono ya TOZ chizindikiro imakhala yodalirika komanso yogwira ntchito. Zitsanzo zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusaka.

Kusintha

Nkhondo itatha, zida zina zambiri zinapangidwa. Yoyamba inali TOZ-8 ndi TOZ-9. Yomaliza ndi mfuti ya makampani asanu, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a chitsanzo choyambirira.

Koma kutchuka kwakukulu kwa zida za mndandandawu kunapezedwa pambuyo pa chomera cha Tula chinayamba kubala TOZ-11, -12 ndi -16. Mfuti zazing'ono zosaoneka bwinozi zinkaperekedwa kwa asodzi asodzi. Kulemera kwake kunachepetsedwa kukhala makilogalamu awiri. Kuonjezera apo, opanga ma model of TOZ-8 akugwiritsanso ntchito kanyumba ka birch ndi chatsopano pa nthawiyi.

Ndipo kuyamikira kwawo kunayamikiridwa. Anapangidwa kuchokera mu 1946 mpaka 1957, mfuti zazing'ono zazing'ono zowasaka zinapatsidwa mphoto zambiri ndi diploma.

Kumanga TOZ

Makolo a zida zankhondo awa anali ndi zida zotsutsana izi: kulemera kwa 3.12 makilogalamu, mlingo wa moto kufika pa khumi ndi awiri pa mphindi imodzi, pambali - mamita 5.6, chiwindi choyambirira - mpaka mamita 310 pamphindi. Mu bokosi lake lachitsulo anaikidwa shutter ndi chowombera. Kulimbana kumasiya ku TOZ-8 kunalibe. Zomwe zinkachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta zinayambitsa chikokacho. Chikopacho chinakhazikika pamapeto kumapeto kwa kasupe.

Chombocho, chomwe chinkafuna kulondolera kuthawa kwa zipolopolo, chinali ndi mabala anayi. Iwo anagwedeza kumanzere kupita mmwamba. Chipolopolo chodutsa mu thunthu chinapangidwa pafupifupi maulendo awiri. Mfuti yaing'ono ya TOZ-8 inali ndi chipangizo chowoneka chofuna kutsogolera cartridge pachilombochi ndi kuchipatsa cholinga chofunikira.

Zida za TOZ-9

Kusinthidwa uku kochokera kumbuyoko kumakhala kosiyana ndi kuti kuli ndi magazini okwana asanu ndipo ili ndi mapeto pang'ono. Kuwombera kuchokera ku mfuti yaing'ono TOZ-9 ikuchitika ndi makapanga apadera opangidwa ndi mkuwa wamkuwa ndi mfuti yotsogolera. Zomwe zimakhudza zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zake zimapangitsa kuti mfuti iwonongeke. Imaikidwa pamphepete mwa kanema ya cartridge. Mwachiwonekere, kuwombera kuchokera ku mfuti yaing'ono TOZ-9 ikuchitika ndi zomwe zimatchedwa mbali yamakono a cartridges. Kuchokera ku magulu awo ankhondo, amasiyana chifukwa alibe kapule wokhala ndi zotsatira zokhazikika pakati pa kapu ya milandu ya cartridge.

Kuwombera

Zida zonse zazing'ono za TOZ zili ndi molondola kwambiri. Kwa iwo, makapu a mitundu iwiri ndi abwino: wamba ndi PTB - nkhondo yeniyeni. Kuwombera mwaluso kungalowe m'malo khumi okongoletsera ndi zipolopolo zisanu, kuthamangitsidwa kutali ndi mamita makumi asanu.

Amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku mbiya ya zida zazing'ono, cartridge imayendera mamita chikwi, kusunga mphamvu yake yoopsa mpaka mazana asanu ndi atatu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pamtunda uwu, kuwombera pamfuti, n'zotheka kuvulaza munthu ndi nyama.

Pafupi, mwachitsanzo, mamita makumi asanu, chipolopolo chimapanga mtengo wouma mtengo wolemera masentimita asanu kapena masentimita.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha kusaka zosintha

Ena amakhulupirira kuti zida za mfuti yazing'ono sizilola kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pogwira nyama. Komabe, chida ichi, chimene anthu amachitcha mwachikondi "chaching'ono", chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali pakufunafuna. Anapita makamaka ku migodi yamoto. Ku USSR, zida zankhondo zidali zoletsedwa kwenikweni. Komabe, mfuti zazing'ono zowasaka, zomwe mtengo wake unali waukulu kwambiri, zinathandizira kuchotsa "ndalama", yomwe inkatengedwa ngati ubweya wa nyama.

Masiku ano, pali zodzikongoletsa zowonongeka, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pa kutulutsidwa kwa ufulu wotsegula, komanso kusintha kwa mwamsanga manual recharging.

Nkhondo Zotsutsana

Masiku ano mfuti zing'onozing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga masewera ndi kuwombera, ndipo, n'zosadabwitsa, pa ntchito yapadera. Ntchito yawo pamagulu omenyana ndi zenizeni. Ankhondo a mfuti imeneyi amakopeka ndi zolondola komanso zizindikiro za chipolopolocho. Ndipotu, ili ndi mphamvu yaing'ono, yomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kugunda kolondola, chipolopolocho chimasokoneza chandamale. Palinso zosinthika zinazake, zomwe zimapanga masewera ang'onoang'ono omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito biathlon. Zitsanzo zimenezi zili ndi optics, silencer yochotsedwera ndi chibowo.

Mitundu ya zida zowasaka

Masiku ano, asodzi-asodzi amagwiritsira ntchito mitundu iŵiri: chosema "chopper" ndi mfuti yaing'ono. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu imeneyi ndiko kukhalapo, kapena, kusowa kudula mkati mwa thunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi zida zambiri kapena, makamaka, mphamvu yochepa chabe.

Mfuti zazing'ono zowasaka, mtengo umene umadalira chaka cha kumasulidwa kwa chitsanzo, komanso pa nthawi yogwiritsiridwa ntchito, zogwiritsidwa ntchito, zimakhala ndi malo osasunthika mkati mwa thunthu lawo, kupatulapo chitsanzo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi dongosolo "losokoneza".

Mfuti yamphindi iwiri, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yodalirika, yotchuka kwambiri, imatchedwa ndendende mtundu wa zida zomwe zimayenera kuyambitsa maphunziro a asodzi aliyense. Chikwama "chaching'ono" chokhala ndi zikopa zokopa, zomwe zimafunika "kuswa" kuti zitheke, akatswiri amachitcha kuti otetezeka ndi ovuta kwambiri kwa okonda masewera pachigawo choyamba cha ntchito yawo.

Ndi mtundu wa zida zazing'ono zomwe zimaloledwa ndi lamulo kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi iwo omwe amaphunzira zenizeni za kuwombera. Ndipo patangotha zaka zisanu zokha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo zomwe zilipo kale.

Zowonongeka zazomwezi

Malo otchuka kwambiri pa msika wa zida zosaka wa dziko lathu tsopano akuonedwa kuti si magalimoto a magazini a TOZ-78 ndi a Sobol. Zosankha zina, monga SM-2KO kapena BI-7-2KO, zopangidwa ku Izhevsk Rifle Mill, sizidziwika kwambiri. Ena mwasaka amadziwa za galimoto zokhazokha ndikumva, zomwe sitinganene za masewera ndi zinyama. Amaseŵera pang'ono-amakhala ndi mfuti SM-2 ndi BI-7-2 amadziwika bwino.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa kusaka kwapadera kuchokera ku masewera "wothandizana naye" ndizofanana ndi mbiya ya truncated ndi bokosi lopepuka, komanso chipangizo chophweka kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kukonzanso kwapadera kwa fakitale, mfuti zabwino zinapezeka chifukwa chosaka nyama zazing'ono ndi masewera.

Mtengo

Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mtengo, akatswiri samatchulapo mapepala enieni, magalimoto ang'onoang'ono motere: mtengo wotsika mtengo kuchokera ku zowonongeka ndi TOZ-78. Kenaka, CM-2KO yatsatira, CM-2KO yatsatira, yotsatira BI-7-2KO ndipo potsiriza, Sobol.

Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa. "Sable" ikuyenera kuonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zabwino kwambiri zopanga makina. Musataye mtima komanso katundu wawo wogula ndi kupanga mapangidwe. Choncho, chitsanzo ichi ndi chodula kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, "Sable Premier" yokhala ndi masitolo awiri osungiramo katundu mumtambo wachitsulo ndi njira yokhala ndi ndodo ingagulidwe pa mtengo wa rubles makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu ziwiri. Zosintha zake zina popanda mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi mphanda wa birch zidzapindula kawiri mtengo. "Nut" ntchito ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri - kuchokera ku rubles zikwi makumi anayi.

Mitengo yotsika mtengo kwambiri m'mayendedwe a ziweto ndizo zida za TOZ. Mwachitsanzo, mfuti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mozizwitsa, mtundu wa drum ndi wotsekedwa kutsogolo zingagulidwe kwa zikwi zisanu ndi zinayi zokha. Komabe, pali zitsanzo zomwe zimapangidwira kukumbukira. Zitha kukhala zojambulajambula, zopukutira komanso zokhala ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Zosankha za mphatso zoterozo ndi zodula kwambiri. Komabe, sizili muzinthu zowerengeka, choncho zimapangidwa ndi mayunitsi.