Mitundu ndi mbali ya chrysanthemums chisamaliro

Maphunziro bipartite Asteridy subclass ndondomeko calycerales, banja Asteraceae (Asteraceae), ndi subfamily wa Asteraceae, zomera osatha kapena pachaka - onse chrysanthemum. Izo ntchito ku munda ngati lofunika mochedwa-zomera, ndi kutsogolera srezochnyh chikhalidwe, nduna yachiwiri itatha duwa mu kutchuka.

Mbiri ya "Golden Flower"

Mu chikhalidwe Chinese - mabuku, kupenta, maluwa ndi yophiphiritsira zofunika. Kuti anapulumuka pofukula anapezazo - mbiya ndi chithunzi cha chrysanthemums, yomwe zaka 2500. Achifumu nakulitsa mitundu ingapo ya chrysanthemums ndiye monga umboni wa kubadwa kwake mfulu.

Golden-chikasu inflorescences, amene pafupifupi sanali amasiyana kutchire akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito osati monga zokongoletsera, komanso ngati mankhwala ndi edible.

Mu malo kupanga mitundu otchuka a chrysanthemums wobiriwira, zithunzi za amene ankaimira pano.

Ndi chrysanthemum Chinese kumumanga ndi kuchuluka kwa mafano. Yellow - amasonyeza chimwemwe wopambana. Chrysanthemum mu chisanu - kukaniza ndi kukwezeka yekha. China waganiza kupereka maholide Zojambula za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chrysanthemums monga chizindikiro cha chuma chochuluka zofuna.

Mu VII mu chrysanthemum ndinafika ku Japan, komwe anakhala zosavomerezeka boma chizindikiro. "Kiku" - dzuwa, kotero Japanese icho. pamakhala pachimake, amene ali nthawizonse mu chithunzi 16, kuimira dzuŵa, omwe akutipatsa moyo. Kiku - ndi chizindikiro cha Mulungu ndi mphamvu, moyo wautali ndi chimwemwe, chizindikiro cha ungwiro.

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII chrysanthemum wapeza mafani ake mu Europe ndi America.

Karl Linney, woyambitsa wa dongosolo gulu moyo padziko lonse lapansi, wapatsa dzina chrysanthemum maluwa, amene anawamasulira kuchokera ku njira Greek "Golden Flower."

Species dzina ndi chrysanthemum mitundu kwa zaka zambiri ntchito kuswana awonjezera kwambiri.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, obereketsa amafuna mitundu waukulu wa maluwa. Tsopano koposa wamkulu hybrid Korea kapena munda chrysanthemum.

Kufotokozera chrysanthemum

Rhizomes ndi nthambi, unakhuthala ili pa akuya masentimita 25 Iwo anapanga stolons mobisa -. Elongated mbali mphukira, amene akutukuka wamfupi umatheka ndi masamba. Mphukira chilili, nthawi zambiri nthambi, kutalika kwa masentimita 25 mpaka 150. The masamba kuligaŵa, yosalala kapena cheya.

Ligulate maluwa madengu kudziwa mawonekedwe a Mphukira. Kufotokozera ndi mitundu ya chrysanthemums alembedwera gulu la International wa Institute of horticulture Dresden. M'magulu 2 - losavuta ndi Terry. magulu zidzasankhidwa nayenso m'magulu. Gulu la chrysanthemums yosavuta zikuphatikizapo 3 makalasi - nemahrovye, pawiri ndi anemone. Ndi Terry ndi wopindidwa ikulendewera, mosabisa, hemispherical, ozungulira, lopotana, pompons, paukovidnye.

mitundu yonse masiku ano Mboni:

• large-- mukamafinya masamba mbali amatha kupanga inflorescence awiri cm 1 mpaka 30;

• buketnye (nthambi) - ndi mawonekedwe ndi madengu akuluakulu chitsamba (10-20 cm);

• kakang'ono;

• kukongoletsa - Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana za kupanga, kukwaniritsa buketnye kapena lalikulu-mawonekedwe.

Chrysanthemums amadalira kutalika masana. Long masana amathandiza kumanga vegetative Unyinji wa zomera, yochepa - maola 14, kukula mofulumira inflorescence lapansi. Silnochuvstvitelnye ndi srednechuvstvitelnye kwa longitude mitundu tsiku mwakula mu greenhouses. mitundu ndale ali oyenera pansi lotseguka.

Nthawi mitundu maluwa amadziŵika:

• oyambirira - pachimake kuchokera August kwa October;

• srednepozdnie - kuchokera October mpaka November;

• Patapita - mu November ndi December.

Maluwa ndi nthaka lotseguka chimafikira kwa frosts kwambiri.

mitundu zingamuthandize

Wamaluwa amadziwika 2 magulu chrysanthemums - Indian ndi Korea. Chrysanthemums (mitundu ndi zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha ozizira ndipo ali oyenera kukula mu nthaka ndi mosadziteteza) si mantha frosts kuwala.

Kufotokozera ndi mitundu ya chrysanthemums, kulonjezedwa kwa kukula mu nyengo kotentha, Tingaone pansipa:

1. Aissa - mtundu wa maluwa oyambirira, nemahrovy. maluwa ndi wotumbululuka nsomba mtundu, masentimita 5 awiri.

2. magetsi madzulo - mtundu wa zithetsedwe. The inflorescences ndi kusintha mtundu ku ofiira chuma chikasu pa m'mbali kuti likulu.

3. Koreyanochka - limamasula kwambiri kuchokera July kuti mochedwa September madengu kuwala lalanje.

4. Malchish-Kibalchish - yowala chibakuwa maluwa anaika pa yaying'ono, ozungulira chitsamba. Oyambirira maluwa.

5. Ametusito - amasintha mtundu ndi pinki-chikasu mu July pa zowala pinki mu October.

6. Svetozar - yamkaka-woyera maluwa, Terry. Middle amasankha.

7. Yofiirira Hen - pa columnar chitsamba zambiri maluwa mdima-lalanje ndi pamakhala chikasu konsekonse, 4 masentimita awiri.

8. Linga - kuthetsa kalasi. Izo limamasula kwambiri mpaka mdima madengu chisanu chikasu.

9. Ampelnye kalasi chrysanthemums Morifolium kugwa amapereka chaching'ono, ngati daisies ndi maluwa.

10. Alec Bedser - akulimidwa mu nthaka kutetezedwa. Pachimake mu September maluwa osakwatira chikasu kirimu yofiira, ndi awiri a masentimita 14.

Chrysanthemum korona masamba - chomera pachaka. Ntchito zakudya monga gwero la mavitamini, mchere, komanso zinthu biologically yogwira. Chrysanthemum korona ali ndi fungo wosakhwima ndi kukoma zokometsera. Mu chakudya amapita misa wobiriwira zomera. Malinga ndi wokhutira wa antioxidant zovuta angafanane ndi muzu wa ginseng. morifolium Chrysanthemum (mitundu, mitundu ndi hybrids) amalimidwa mu greenhouses.

Chifukwa cha kusankha akhala mitundu zambiri zosiyana mu mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa inflorescences, pa nthawi ndi nthawi ya maluwa.

Zimafunika zinthu kukula

Chrysanthemum, mitundu ndi mitundu ya izo amakonda bwino ukala ndi manyowa kapena youma mullein nthaka pang'ono acidic. Sangakhoze kulekerera waterlogging. Pa kwambiri ukala humus ndi mwachangu kuwonjezeka ziwalo vegetative, maluwa chatsitsa. Chimakula bwino pa mabedi mkulu, anayatsa mu malo otentha.

Kubzala chuma mu mawonekedwe a cuttings mizu ndi anabzala mu nthaka kumapeto kwa frosts - mu May ndipo June. Kolala muzu aikidwa pa mlingo pansi. Chifukwa chodzala ntchito posankha nthawi ozizira a tsiku kapena mitambo. Monga anabzala pogona chrysanthemum kwa dzuwa awning. Pa tsiku loyamba kuchotsa mfundo kukula - kupanga wotsinidwa choyamba. Kenako nkhuyu mu masabata 2 - ikufalikira kumtunda kwa mphukira ndi.

Chrysanthemums pachimake kale ngati kulenga iwo kumathima maola 18 kuti 8 m'mawa. Zochuluka madzi mu kouma ndi pa kukula mphukira.

chisamaliro

zaka 2-3 sangathe kukhala wamkulu pa chiwembu omwewo mitundu yonse ya chrysanthemums. Ndipo amasamalidwa gawo lapansi ayenera kukhala mokwanira. M'nthaka yafupika kundipatsako kwa zakudya ndi kusatetezeka akuwonekera. M'mwezi woyamba wa mapangidwe tima ya chitsamba - chomera amafuna kwambiri kumasula nthaka. Pamaso pa Kubwera kwa tchire masamba woyamba madzi 3 pa sabata. Mulching kumateteza chrysanthemum tizirombo ndi matenda a mafangasi. The ntchito monga singano kuphimbira paini ndi khungwa ong'ambika kapena udzu.

Muyenera kuchita pa dzinja kudyetsa 3 - pamaso budding kumayambiriro kwa budding ndi maluwa nthawi zobiriwira.

Kuti chitsamba zobiriwira amazidulira zimayambira. Wotsinidwa ikuchitika m'mwezi wa June. Zomera ndi maluwa lalikulu mbali mphukira amachotsedwa, kupereka kukula lalikulu. Mu lalikulu-kusiya 1 kapena 2 mapesi.

wintering

Ena mitundu ya chrysanthemum Korea bwino analekerera m'nyengo yozizira mu nthaka lotseguka m'madera ouma. Wintering pa nthaka konyowa chimawononga duwa. Chrysanthemums kupanga mkulu kapena otsika, muzu kudulira ndi hilling. Ndiye wobisa nthambi spruce. Iwo akhoza ataphimbidwa ndi matabwa mabokosi mabulangete akale kuti akwanire pamwamba. Ndi isanayambike masika kuchotsa zimayambira akale ndi mphukira. Mobisa mphukira mbali adzawapatsa moyo watsopano kwa duwa.

Large-thermophilic chrysanthemum yozizira mu chipinda kuwala ndi kutentha kwa 5-7 ° C. mabokosi anayikidwa zomera mkulu odulidwa. Mkubwela kwa nyongolosi madzi amtengo.

kubalana

Mbewu yofesa lonyowa mu mochedwa yozizira. Kuwaza ndi nthaka Sikuti - nyemba zimere m'kuunika. Mphukira analandira anaiika miphika, nthaka ndi anabzala mu May, kuti zitsime.

Pamene cuttings wa anasankha cultivars uterine tchire. Yophukira kudula tsinde cuttings obzalidwa mabokosi ndi kusungidwa yoyamba kutentha masiku 10, kuthirira zolimbitsa. Kenako anaika mu chipinda ozizira. Spring mizu kuoneka ana apical, amene kutenga cuttings kwa kafalitsidwe. Kuti mnogostebelny chitsamba chilichonse cuttings ayamba kukolola kwa March kwa April. Kuchokera May kwa June, kuwonjezera mfundo kukula zomera lalikulu-odnostebelnyh.

Pa chulutsa ndi kugawa chitsamba kukumba masika, zidutswa zidutswa ndi anabzala mu malo atsopano. Komanso, aliyense nyongolosi inayambira. Ndi bwino kugawa chitsamba ndi kudzala yonse zaka 3. Izi kuli ndi ubwino pa maluwa.

Tizirombo ndi matenda

White dzimbiri amayamba ndi tiziromboti Puccinia horiana, amene umamvera kwaokha. Pa masamba kuoneka mawanga woyera, amene ndiyeno nkutembenuka bulauni. masamba odwala akugwa. Bzalani tidzawukitsidwe kwa pachimake.

Mmene bowa anamorphic kuchititsa tsamba banga ndi tsinde.

Masamba ndi inflorescences anakhudzidwa Alternaria.

California napusaki, nsabwe hothouse, kangaude nthata kuwononga chrysanthemums mu greenhouses ndi zinthu lotseguka pansi.

Nkhaka zithunzi HIV imafalikira ndi kafalitsidwe vegetative. Masamba ndi kuwala mawanga obiriwira kufa ndi kuguluka. Mukhale mapindikidwe ndi zomera nyenyezi yaing'ono.

Pofuna tizirombo ndi bowa ntchito fungicides tizirombo ndi kupopera.

Muzu mfundo nematode - ndi tizilombo oopsa. Kulimbana zambiri sichichititsa bwino. wamaluwa odziwa amalangiza amafukula tchire kachilombo ndi kutentha.

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala wowerengeka kulamulira tizilombo. Ngati aphid osati ayipanga ambiri, tchire osambitsidwa ndi madzi sopo.

Good chifukwa Sola adyo amapereka 50 g wa wosweka adyo 1 chikho cha madzi udzathiridwa. Patatha mphindi 30, fyuluta ndi kuwonjezera mL 800 a madzi. 1.5 makapu Tingafinye sitimadzipereka mu ndowa ndi kukhetsa tchire.

Ku tizirombo ndi matenda sangathe kuchotsedwa popanda miyeso njira:

1. M'pofunika kupanga kwambiri yophukira kukumba malo - wintering mphutsi ndi zikwa akuphedwa.

2. Namsongole kuononga osati pafupi ndi maluwa ndi greenhouses, komanso mu malo.

3. Mankhwala zipangizo zonse munda ndi kumanga wowonjezera kutentha pa.

masamba onse atagwa ku tchire ayenera kutenthedwa.

potted chrysanthemum

Kukula yachibadwa kunyumba kapena pa maluwa khonde safuna kwambiri kwa dzuwa. Kutentha akadakwanitsira 15 ° C. Mitundu potted chrysanthemums kukula bwino pa peat ndi acidity otsika. The zikuchokera dothi potting zikuphatikizapo kuwaika ndi humus nthaka, manyowa zopsereza ndi 20% mchenga.

Ndondomeko kulima:

• masabata 2-3 pansi tsiku lonse kuwala T 20 ° C;

• pamene masana adzafupikitsidwa maola 12 ndipo T ndi adatchithisira kuti 18-20 ° C, maluwa ayamba.

Madzi ndi sprayed. Kukula maluwa amafuna kumuika mu muli zazikulu. mitundu iliyonse ya chrysanthemums akhoza kukhala wamkulu monga kuchipinda. Mitundu ya kulima m'nyumba ya chrysanthemums mu miphika ndi bwino kutenga sredneroslye - mpaka masentimita 50, kukongoletsa ndi melkotsvetnye.

Kukula mu greenhouses

Chakula greenhouses m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

1. cuttings ku isanayambike kutentha anasamutsidwa mu mabokosi anabzala mu nthaka lotseguka. Kumapeto kwa zomera maluwa obzalidwa miphika. Kenako anatumiza kwa kutentha kwa maluwa zina.

2. Chinayamba cuttings zingabzalidwe miphika. Pamene kumera miphika chitsamba amafuna buku zikuluzikulu. Zitsamba anabzala mu greenhouses nthawi yomweyo, anyalanyaza pansi lotseguka.

3. Inapita patsogolo kukula zochokera kusankha mitundu, ndi amaganizira makhalidwe zamoyo mitundu. Pa kukula vegetative masana akhale maola osachepera 14, T 18-20 °. Mu mapangidwe masamba tsiku adzafupikitsidwa maola 10 kutentha anali adatchithisira kuti ° 10.

Ndi njira imeneyi akhoza pachimake mu zaka 2-3. Kuti kupanga maluwa chimango anakhumba nthawi kukula mitundu yonse ya chrysanthemums zofunika okonzeka kutentha, kumene nyengo ndi Lamulo, kumathima kapena tchire elektrodosvechivanie chofunika chinyezi msinkhu.

zosiyanasiyana mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chrysanthemums munda wamtendere umene anayikidwa pamwamba pa chithunzi.

Kum'mwera kwa California, mu zaka 30 XX wamaluwa m'ma mapangidwe mafakitale anayesetsa kukhala zomera hydroponic pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chrysanthemums. Ndipo kulima ngati njira watsimikizira bwino.

Mchenga ndi miyala ntchito monga magawo hydroponic.

The mwayi pa hydroponic njira miyambo ndi maluwa udzabala mphukira amphamvu, masamba ndi kowala inflorescences molemera akuda, anapanga dongosolo wamphamvu mizu.

Chrysanthemums, chifukwa mankhwala, pamene limamasula zambiri zingatipindulitse thanzi la munthu. Mitundu ndi mitundu - munda, kutentha, chitsamba ndi odnosteblevye - kulenga padziko yekha microclimate yabwino. Allocates bactericides ndi mafuta zofunika kudzaza mpweya owawa kununkhira.

Iwo akhala kudziwika katundu akangofika duwa. Masamba muli ndalama mkulu wa micronutrients - K, mg Zn, Se, zofunikira pa moyo wa munthu. Mu China amakhulupirira kuti chrysanthemum maluwa, zinachitika ndi wobiriwira tiyi, kuwonjezera kukoma kwake zotsitsimutsa ndi mankhwala.