Mitundu ya polymer pansi ndi manja awoawo. Chipangizo cha polymeric pansi

Mabwalo - uwu ndiwo malo oponderezedwa kwambiri mu chipinda. Gawo ili limakhala lolemera ndipo limakhala loposa ena. Ndicho chifukwa chake, pansi pa zofunikira zomwe zikuwonjezeka padziko lapansi, chophimba chatsopano chagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama. Pansi ya polima imagwiritsidwa ntchito lerolino m'makampani ogulitsa mafakitale, malo oyendetsa sitimayo, ndege, maofesi ndi masukulu, zipatala ndi malo odyera. Ikufalikiranso kumalo okhala. Ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito polymeric pansi pa galasi, veranda kapena pamtunda. Mpaka pano, pali njira zowonjezera zoposa zana.

Zofunikira zoyambirira

Ngati tikulankhula za makampani ogulitsa mafakitale, ndiye kuti njira zamakono zimadalira zinthu zambiri. Mmodzi mwa iwo ndi boma limene chikuphimba pansi. Polymeric maziko akugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano. Poganizira katundu amene akukumana nawo, zakuthupizo zimatha kukhala zamphamvu, zotsalira, zosalala. Kuwonjezera apo, chophimbacho chiyenera kukhala cholimbana ndi mauthenga achiwawa, opanikizika. Nkofunikanso kuti pamwambapa ndi kovuta kuyeretsa. Zonsezi zimaphatikizapo polymeric pansi. Zinthu zakuthupi zakhala zikufalikira osati m'makampani okha, komanso m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Malo ambiri okhalamo amatha kukhazikitsa pansi polima m'bafa, kukhitchini, panjira. Kuphatikiza pa makhalidwe omwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa, nkhaniyi ili ndi zokongoletsa kwambiri. Izi zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito polymeric zokhazikika pamtunda pafupifupi pafupifupi mkati. Kenaka, tidzatha kudziwa zomwe zidalembedwazo.

Zojambula

Ma polima amapanga maziko a kuvala. Iwo ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa unyolo wautali ndi maselo olemera. Pamene zogwirizana ndi zidutswa zina, zomwe zimabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza. "Poly" amatanthauza "zambiri." Zomwe zili m'munsizi zimakhala ndi katundu wina, zomwe zimayambira. Ndi chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake kuti polymeric yokhazikika pamtunda yapeza ntchito yawo mu magalimoto, mafakitale ndi zapanyumba. Zida zamakono zimaphatikizapo mphamvu zamagetsi ndi magetsi mu zigawo zochepa zomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, polymeric pansi, zithunzi zomwe mungazione m'nkhaniyi, zingakhale ndi mitundu yambiri yazaza. Zotsatira zake, zinakhala zotheka kupanga zipangizo zambiri. Iwo analowa m'malo mwachikhalidwe: chitsulo, konkire, nkhuni. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zomwe zili pansizi zingasinthidwe kosatha. Kuti muchite izi, zowonjezera zowonjezeretsa, zopangira pulasitiki, fillers, diluents ndi zina zotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mitundu ya zigawo zikuluzikulu

Pansi polima akhoza kukhala ndi mankhwala osiyana. Monga lamulo, njira zitatu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Makamaka, methyl methacrylate, polyurethane ndi epoxy polima amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tiyeni tikambirane magulu awiri otsirizawa mwatsatanetsatane.

Pulogalamu ya epoxy yapansi

Zida zimenezi zimakhala ndi malo omwe amamangidwe. Mwa iwo, kuphatikiza kwa unyolo wa resin ndi hardener kumachitika kumbali yonse. Ndi chifukwa chake kuti pansi pano muli mphamvu zowonjezereka, kusakanikirana ndi mankhwala komanso kukakamizidwa kumtunda.

Zida za polyurethane

Mwa iwo, kugwirizana kwa mtanda kumachitika makamaka mwachindunji. Malinga ndi izi, malo oterowo amakhala okhwima kwambiri, osakanikizika ndi kusokonezeka. Kuonjezera apo, zipangizozi sizimangokhala zovuta. Ngati tikulankhula za malo omwe ali bwino bwino: epoxy kapena polyurethane, ndiye akatswiri amalangiza kuti aziganizira zofunikira zapamwamba. Apa ziyenera kunenedwa kuti pali zotchedwa "zosakanizidwa zipangizo". Amagwirizanitsa katundu wa zonsezi. Monga momwe chiwonetsero chikuwonetsera, epoxy pansi ndi otchuka kwambiri lero.

Ubwino waukulu wa zipangizo

• Monolithic yokhala ndi makoma ndi maziko, osasunthika.
• Kuthira kwakukulu pamwamba.
• Mankhwala amatsutsana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zachiwawa.
• Mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri, kupindika, kupanikiza. Zovala zotsekemera zimapereka malipiro oyenerera ndi mazunzo.
• Kukaniza madzi. Kuphimba mapuloteni pansi pa konkire kudzateteza kuphulika kwa oyandikana nawo pansipa. Zinthuzo zimakhala zabwino kwa malo omwe chinyezi chimakhala chokwera nthawi zonse, komanso njira yogwiritsira ntchito makina imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kuphweka kwa kunyamula. Popanda kudziwa zambiri komanso osagwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zovuta, mukhoza kukweza mapulasitiki ndi manja anu. Pankhaniyi, n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa gawo lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, "malo otentha" amaikidwa pansi pa chivundikirocho.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwakukulu (kuyambira -40 mpaka +100 degrees).
• Zosangalatsa komanso zowoneka bwino.
• Kusankhidwa kwakukulu ndi njira zothetsera nzeru, zosiyana ndi zosankha.
• Kutetezeka kwa moto ndi kuphulika.
• Kuwonetseratu kwathunthu kwa kumaliza varnishes.
• Kuthamanga kwa ntchito. Zigawo zonse zowonjezera polima zimatha kukonzedwa patsiku. Pachifukwa ichi, ngati mapeto akuchitika m'chipinda chosungiramo mafakitale, ntchito yopanga sitingathe kusokonezeka nthawi yonse ya ntchitoyo.
• Kuthazikika.
• Zosokoneza katundu.
• Economics. Nthawi yogwira ntchito pa mtengo wotsika mtengo amasiyanitsa pansi polymeric konkire kuchokera ku zipangizo zina.

Zowonjezera

Mtengo wa kufalitsa ukuwerengedwa molingana ndi makulidwe ake. Icho, ndichonso, ndicho chidziwitso cha nthawi yomwe ntchitoyo ikugwiritsidwira ntchito. Kutsika kwazing'ono za zokutidwa zowonjezera ndi millimeter imodzi. Monga lamulo, ogula amasankha mtengo wabwino - 2-3.5 mm.

Zokongoletsa

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito polymeric. Zikuphatikizapo:

• Gwiritsani ntchito mtundu kapena kusakaniza, chisokonezo chosakanikirana cha mithunzi pansi pake.
• Kubwezeretsanso pa "chips" chosasunthika (zoweta zokongoletsera) zosiyana. Makamaka, gwiritsani ntchito utoto wa akrisyri wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mithunzi, fulorosenti, metallized, glitter-glitters ndi zina zotero.
• Kuwonjezera chithunzi chojambula kapena fano la 3D (3D effect).
• Zojambula zaluso.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wachikuda pamene mukupanga "kapepala yamwala". Pachifukwa ichi, mungathe kusankha kasinthidwe ka chitsanzo, mtundu wa kudzaza, kukula kwa magawo ake, msinkhu wachisindikizo cha varnish chapamwamba - kuchokera pa zosalala mpaka zomangamanga.
• Kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama zogulitsa. Iwo ndi masamba owuma, miyala, makobidi, mbewu za khofi, maluwa ndi zina zotero. Zotsatira zake, mukhoza kupanga gulu lalikulu.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitala wa Venetian. Ndi chithandizo chake, zotsatira za voli ndi kuya zimapangidwa.

Mfundo zofunika

Kusankha izi kapena zojambulazo zosiyana, mukhoza kupeza zojambula zambiri zamitundu itatu pamwambapa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mapangidwe a pansi mwachindunji amadalira mtundu wa chilengedwe. Mu chipinda chotsiriza ayenera kukhala omasuka komanso omasuka kukhala. Posankha chithunzi kapena chithunzithunzi, muyenera kulingalira zokonda ndi zokonda za anthu omwe ali m'chipindamo. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansi sichiyenera kuopseza, kunyengerera kapena kukwiyitsa.

Pazifukwa ziti zomwe zipangizo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Manyowa a pulasitiki ndi manja awo amatha kupangidwira pazitsulo zowonongeka, zitsulo zakuda (zomwe zinkakumbidwa ndi primer). Pansi pake mukhoza kukhala wolemba pepala lolimba. Mwachitsanzo, ikhoza kukhala MDF, plywood, particleboard, GVL ndi zina za mchere ndi zokutira. Ndikofunika kuti mazikowo akhale olimba ndipo sagwedezeka.

Kusinthasintha

Chigawo ichi ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri yophimba. Munthu wodwalayo ali ndi vuto lolemera kwambiri la maselo. Chifukwa cha chigawo ichi, malo oyandikana nawo a mawonekedwewa akugwirizana. Wothandizira amatha kuyanjana ndi malo ogwirira ntchito. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chimangidwe chokwanira chamagetsi chimapangidwa ndipo mphamvu yowonjezera kutentha imapangidwa. Mamolekyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu onse a polyurethane kapena epoxy m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kumayambiriro kwa njirayi, zomwe zimachitika zimachitika mofulumira. Pamene mphamvu ikutha, njirayi ikucheperachepera. Pomalizira, kugula katundu wake yense ndizochitika pambuyo pake.

Pansi pa polymer: luso lamakono

Ndondomeko ya kuyika mfundoyi yagawidwa m'magulu angapo:

• Gulu lokonzekera.
• Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa primer.
• Kuyika kwa wosanjikiza.
• Chokongoletsa pamwamba.
• Sindikiza gawo lomaliza.

Kenaka, timalingalira njira zomwezi.

Kuchiza kwa maziko

Musanayambe kumanga mapulala ndi manja anu, muyenera kugwira ntchito pamwamba. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti siteji iyi ndi imodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri. Chotsatira chomaliza cha kukhazikitsa chidzadalira mtundu wa kukonzekera kwa gawo lapansi. Choyamba, pamwamba pake ayenera kuchiritsidwa. Panthawiyi, mazikowo amachotsedwa, zowonongeka (madontho odzola mafuta, fumbi, zopotoza particles) zimachotsedwa. Kukonzekera kotereku kungachitidwe pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga mphero, kupera ndi kuwombera makina oponya. Pa nthawi yokonzekera, m'pofunikanso kuchotsa zofooka zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, zimaphatikizapo ming'alu, makapu, ndi ming'alu. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya milandu ya chiwonongeko ndi kupukuta kwa chophimba, chifukwa chake chinali chosakonzekera gawo. Pamwamba pake ayenera kukhala phokoso asanagwiritse ntchito poyambira, popanda mapiri otsetsereka.

Zofunikira ku maziko

Pambuyo poyika konkire ya konkire, pamwamba pamakhala masiku 28. Moyenera asanatsirizitse, chinyezi cha gawo lapansi chiyenera kufufuzidwa ndi chida chapadera (hygrometer). Sayenera kukhala oposa 4% polemera. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhalapo kwa kusuntha kwa nthunzi ya madzi kupyolera mu kapangidweko kumayang'aniridwa. Izi ziyenera kusungidwa pokhapokha ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito chitsimikizo cha chinyezi. Amapangitsanso mphamvu ya konkire ya kuyang'ana ndi kuponderezana. Kwa ichi, sclerometers imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mphamvu yowonjezera ya substrate imaposa 20 N / mm2, ndipo mphamvu yogonjetsa imaposa 2 N / mm2. Mafuta, madontho a mafuta ndi ziwalo zina sayenera kukhalapo pamtunda, zomwe zingasokoneze mgwirizano wa zinthuzo.

Kuthetsa zolakwika

Ntchitoyi ikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi zotsalira zosiyanasiyana (putty, mwachitsanzo). Pa maziko a konkire, mapulogalamu otentha komanso kutentha-kutentha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana akhoza kukhalapo. Chifukwa cha kuyeretsa kwawo amagwiritsa ntchito chokonza chokonza nyumba. Zisamaliro zimakondedwera ndipo zimadzazidwa ndi fillers. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ndi kudzaza ming'alu. Ngati ndizofunikira, zimakhala ndi magalasi otchedwa fiberglass.

Kuyang'ana pamwamba

Zomwe zimapangidwira zimalowa m'munsi ndipo zimapangitsa kuti pulogalamuyo ipitirire. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mapulogalamu, gwiritsani ntchito zitsulo spatula kapena roller. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito sprayer. Pambuyo pa ntchitoyi, pulogalamuyi iyenera kuuma bwino.

Kusanjikizana kwa maziko

Ikani pansi mapulitsi ndi manja anu omwe angathe kukhala pafupi maola 15-20 mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito chiyambi. Nkhaniyi iyenera kufalikira mofanana ndi mofulumira pamwambapa. Pakati pazigawo zosiyana siyana, kutsekemera sikuloledwa. Dzuŵa lachindunji pamwamba pa chophimba liyeneranso kupeŵa. Izi ndizofunikira osati pokhapokha pogona, komanso panthawi yovuta. Popeza polima amadzimanga ndi manja awo amagawidwa m'magawo angapo, m'pofunika kusunga nthawi yopuma.

Kutentha-chinyezi boma

Chofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chovalacho chili ndi chilengedwe. Kutentha mu chipinda pa nthawi yowonjezera kuyenera kukhala osachepera madigiri 15. Apo ayi, mankhwala amachititsa kuti pang'onopang'ono ndipo polima amwazika pamwamba. Izi, zowonjezera, zingayambitse kuwonjezeka kwa zakudya ndi kuwonongeka kwa maonekedwe. Pakati pa kutentha, kuuma koopsa kudzachitika mofulumira. Zotsatira zake, "nthawi ya moyo" ya chiwerengero idzacheperachepera. Izi, komanso, sizidzakulolani kuti muphunzitse zopanda pake. Ngati chinyezi chapafupi ndi chipinda chochepetsetsa chiri chachikulu (zoposa 80%), chimbudzi chidzapangidwe pa chobvala.

Kujambula ndi kumaliza

Poika pansi polima ndi manja awoawo, anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito "chips" kuti apange malo abwino kwambiri. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga izi zikuwonetsedwa pamwambapa. Pambuyo pa mapeto a chokongoletsera, chovala chotsirizira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga angagwiritsire ntchito polima poyikirapo kapena ma varnish. Chotsatiracho, chotsatiracho, n'chosakhala chopaka mtundu kapena chachikuda, matte kapena chofiira.

Zina mwazodziwika za kukonzekera

Zomwe zimapangidwira zimadalira maonekedwe ambiri pa chigawo choyenera. Chigawo china chimakhazikitsidwa pa njira iliyonse. Mukasakaniza, onetsetsani kuti gawo B (hardener) limatsanulidwa kuchokera mu mtsuko. Komanso, payenera kupatsidwa chidwi chenicheni pa njira yolumikiza zigawozo. Kuyanjana bwino kwa zigawozi zimapindula mwa kusankha wosakaniza bwino ndi mphamvu inayake, kukula kwake ndi kasinthidwe kwa bubu. Pogwirizanitsa zigawozo, chisakanizocho chiyenera kutsogozedwa kuchokera pansi, popanda kutenga mpweya uliwonse, chifukwa zidzakhala zovuta kuchotsa pazomwe zilipo.