Mitundu zinatha wa bowa. Kawirikawiri ndi pangozi mitundu ya bowa, zomera ndi nyama Russia Red Book

Kusonkhanitsa bowa mu nkhalango, ochepa a ife timaganiza za chakuti iwo, monga mbewu zina ndi nyama akhale pafupi kutha. Ena amene akhala zinatha osatinso kukula mu dziko lathu. ndi mitundu zinatha bowa ndi chiyani? Ndipo kodi panopa pangozi kutha?

Kodi udindo wa bowa topezeka kudera lonse chiyani?

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti bowa zofunika yekha anthu mowa. Kumene, ndi okongola ndi mitundu yokazinga ndi yophika ndi zouma, kuzifutsa. Komabe, kuwonjezera ndiyotani pakuchotsa munthu kuchokera kumverera njala, iwo amagwira nawo ntchito yaikulu topezeka padziko lonse. Popeza kuti anali bowa ndi chinthu chofunika kuti n'kofunika osati kokha kwa anthu komanso lonse la chilengedwe.

Mwachitsanzo, saprophytic mafangasi mitundu akonzanso zatsalira osafunika ndi mankhwala a zomera zina, komanso pa mphamvu akubwerera gawo la chuma mmbuyo mu nthaka. Pamene anali kudula bowa zinthu mosavuta chosakanikirana ndi anthu ena topezeka kudera. ndi mitundu kawirikawiri ndi pangozi ya bowa Kodi werenganibe.

Mycorrhizal bowa kuti kukula pa mitengo, kuthandiza "zosowa zake symbiotic oyandikana nawo kuti iwo chinyezi. Yisiti n'kumugawa m'magulumagulu amaonedwa kwambiri zopangira kwa makampani chakudya. Penicillin ntchito yopanga penicillin.

Mwachidule, bowa ndi zothandiza ndi ofunikira zonse za zomera, nyama ndi anthu. Komabe, chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa malo, chifukwa chodula mitengo, ambiri a iwo ali pafupi kutha. Chaka chilichonse zatsala pang'ono kutha bowa yekha kukula. chiwerengero cha mitundu zothandiza amachepetsa. Pofuna kupewa kutha kwa mitundu ya bowa, m'pofunika kudziwa mmene mitundu ali pangozi.

Amanita pineal, kapena phungu loyamba kutha

Mmodzi wa mtundu woyamba wa bowa mu mndandanda ndi zina Amanita Strobiliformis. Ndi wokongola zabwino nthumwi bowa ndi tsinde woyera ndi kapu. Iye ali woyera minofu zamkati, ndi lalikulu okhota mamba, lalikulu, pafupifupi mphete kusamba pakati pa miyendo. m'litali ndi 8-15 masentimita ndipo m'lifupi -. 4.2 masentimita kale oimira zaka mtundu uwu ali ndi khalidwe milozo chitsanzo fringing phazi bowa.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti izi bowa kawirikawiri amatanthauza edible. Izo zikhoza kusokoneza ndipo pambuyo pretreatment kudya popanda kuopa poizoni. Ngati mukufuna zatsala pang'ono kutha bowa mu Russia, ichi chiri chimodzimodzi mtundu kuti ayenera kutetezedwa. Malinga ndi mfundo kuyambirira, ndi amanita pineal angapezeke mu nkhalango thundu wa dera Belgorod.

Sparassis crispa, bowa kapena kabichi

The bowa chachiwiri osowa chitetezo - sparassis crispa. Chifukwa kapangidwe osaka kapu ya anthu amangonena kuti ndi bowa kapena mphanga kabichi. yosowa kwambiri edible bowa, a sparassidaceae banja.

Kunja, izo zikuwoneka ngati siponji nyanja kapena mutu wamng'ono wa kabichi mu mawonekedwe kukodzedwa. Mutu wake ali ozungulira kapena zoumbika mosiyanasiyana ozungulira mawonekedwe masentimita 5-20 mu msinkhu ndi pafupifupi 6-30 masentimita m'lifupi. Nthawi zina kulemera kwa Mwachitsanzo zodabwitsa angafikire makilogalamu 6-10. Kukula mtundu uwu pafupi ndi mitengo ndi stumps.

Zimakhala njira masiwichi mu zatsala pang'ono kutha bowa mu Russia, monga kumachitika mu dziko lathu ali osowa kwambiri. Chifukwa yomweyo sparassis anali m'gulu pangozi. Pa nthawi zosonkhanitsira ake mu chilengedwe koletsedwa, ena okonda bowa chongopeka ayipanga iye.

Ndi singano koma hedgehog

Zachilendo kapangidwe ali nthumwi ina ya bowa pangozi - raincoat singano. Iwo amakhala ndi kukhalapo zipewa kuzungulira ndi spines ambiri. The awiri a thupi lake -. Masentimita 2-4 Only Iwo okonzeka ndi ozungulira mutu kapu-lalikulu ndi miyendo yochepa. Amakhala bowa izi mu coniferous pamthunzi ndi nkhalango deciduous. Iwo amakula pa wasitimu wokutidwa ndi zowola. Pali makope umodzi.

zatsala pang'ono kutha bowa Red Book: Boletus woyera

Wina wokongola edible bowa, limene alonjezedwa ikutha - Boletus woyera. Adzaupereka kwa mtundu Lektsinum ndipo ali ndi khalidwe mtundu woyera ndi fungo la bowa watsopano. Iwo elongate mwendo ndi yaing'ono kapena kuwala brownish flake oblong ndipo anamaliza mutu waung'ono ndi awiri wonse wa pafupifupi 25 cm.

Kukumana bowa zingakhale mu Leningrad, Penza, Murmansk ndi Moscow zigawo.

Kutha bowa yotupa kapena Gyroporus Cyanescens

Ngati mukufuna mitundu kawirikawiri ndi pangozi ya bowa, muyenera khutu ku chodabwitsa bowa yotupa. ndi makhalidwe ake chiyani? Izi bowa chachikulu ndi chipewa wandiweyani, ukufika awiri a 5-15 cm. Iwo ali chipewa lathyathyathya kapena pang'ono otukukira kunja imvi Brown kapena zofiirira-chikasu. mwendo wake mwachilungamo wandiweyani, ndi thickening pa maziko a. M'litali miyendo, amangoona ndi masentimita 5-10 ndi makulidwe - cm 1.5 kuti 3.

Ngati mwang'amba ndi bowa ndi fupa lothyoka, tikuona kuti mwendo wovulala kusintha wake zofunika mtundu. Iye adzatembenuza buluu kapena wofiirira. Pezani bowa akhoza wothira kapena nkhalango deciduous pansi pa birches, mitengo ndi mitengo mgoza. Komabe, chikhalidwe ndi osowa kwambiri, chotero kutchulidwa monga pangozi.

Red bowa ndi chipewa veleveti

Kumvera mitundu yonse zayamba zomera ndi bowa, ife sitingakhoze kudziwa za bowa ndi mgoza. Izi wokongola zosiyanasiyana pileate bowa tubular ndi phesi la mtundu brownish, dzenje mkati. Ikukhala ngati bowa woyera, kusiyana ndi zimene ali mgoza-Brown kapena red-bulauni kapu ndi m'mimba mwake kwa mamilimita 40 110.

Iwo Tingaone mu Caucasus kum'mwera kwa Russia ndi ku Western Siberia. Chimakula makamaka nthawi kuchokera July kuti September. N'kovuta kwambiri m'chilengedwe, choncho m'gulu la Red Book.

Osowa Grifola frondosa, kapena bowa-yamphongo

Mafunso kodi mitundu kawirikawiri ndi pangozi ya bowa, kulabadira Grifola frondosa. Wapadera edible bowa ndi zachilendo crispy zipatso thupi kapangidwe ndi za 80 cm. Zambiri bowa awa amene angakhale makilogalamu oposa 10.

Childs, bowa-nkhosa imakhala ambiri zisoti yaing'ono lathyathyathya si oposa 10 masentimita awiri. Choncho zilembo zonse ndi miyendo osiyana wochokera m'munsi wamba.

bowa ichi chimakula zambiri patsinde pa mitengo monga mapulo, mumamera mgoza. yosowa kwambiri. Kodi mitundu ina pangozi ya bowa kulibe, tinena pa.

Zachilendo wofiirira cortinarius

Cortinarius violaceus - wokongola bowa, zopezeka mu Leningrad, Moscow, Murmansk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Chelyabinsk, Vologda ndi Sverdlovsk zigawo.

Cortinarius - ndi edible bowa, ndi khalidwe buluu violet mtundu. Iwo ali pincushion kapu ndi m'mimba mwake pafupifupi 15 cm, ndi mkulu phesi 6-12 masentimita mkulu ndi 1-2 cm m'lifupi. Mu mbali chapamwamba pali flakes yaing'ono.

Mankhwala lingzhi bowa

The kawirikawiri ndi pangozi mitundu ya zomera ndi bowa ayenera tepi iyi saprophytic nthumwi Ganodermovyh banja monga lingzhi bowa. Izi zabwino lathyathyathya bowa, zambiri lotchedwa "bowa wa chosafa" kapena "Ling Zhi". Iwo ali yosalala pamwamba kapu wofiira, zofiirira kapena wofiirira ndi wandiweyani zamkati zake.

Mbali yake yaikulu ndi zakudya kuti lili. Ndi uyamiko kwa Iye chifukwa cha bowa izi tinctures mankhwala.

Kukula kwa bowa, zomwe zili m'gulu la Red Book, m'dera Amur, mu Japan, Korea ndi China. Mu Russia, lofala North Caucasus, komanso mu Krasnodar ndi Stavropol m'madera.

Zachilendo mabulosi akuda staghorn

Kuphunzira pangozi zomera, bowa ndi nyama, munthu Musaiwale zimenezi ndi bowa zachilendo, staghorn ngati mabulosi akuda. Ichi ndi chosowa kwambiri bowa nthumwi, ali m'magulu asanu a udindo m'chipani ndi wa zipilala za chilengedwe.

Mabulosi akuda ali ndi dongosolo zachilendo ndipo zowoneka amatikumbutsa za m'madzi matanthwe woyera. Chimakula pa stumps ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo (makamaka - pa birch ndi Aspen). Umapezeka mu nkhokwe Russian Federation pa dera la nyanja ya Baikal kum'mawa Siberia. M'gulu la Red Book.

Kodi bowa amaonedwa zinafa?

Mu ndime ya "mitundu zinatha wa bowa," ikhale kwa anthu amenewo, monga:

• Felloriniya knobbly.
• Veselka Hadrian.
• Omfalina cinder.
• Pholiota uglelyubivaya.
• Geopiksis malasha.
• Karbofil ndi ena.

Chaka chilichonse, mndandanda ndi kukula. Ndine wokondwa kuti bowa ambiri osowa panopa anthu aphunzira chongopeka kukula. njira imeneyi, malinga ndi akatswiri, kungathandize kuchepetsa mtundu zinatha wa bowa.

Kawirikawiri mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera la Chitaganya cha Russian

Monga mukuonera, mndandanda wa mndandanda wa "zatsala pang'ono kutha ndipo zinatha wa bowa" akhoza pitirira. Koma kuwonjezera pa bowa, zomera zambiri, zinyama ndi mbalame Vuto ikutha. Mwachitsanzo, nyama akhoza kukhala wolemekezeka Siberia shrew, mleme Daubenton wa brown Usana, nkhalango-steppe marmot, wamba hedgehog, nswala Siberia ndi ena. Ndi mbalame pangozi monga wamkulu crested grebe, chachikulu crested grebe, kapena, imvi chimeza, wakuda dokowe, flamingo wamkulu, red-breasted tsekwe ndi ena.

Mwa zomera ndi pafupi kutha: thoroughwax Shackleton, Kitagawa Baikal, Dory angustifolia, Alfred kuŵeramitsa ndi ena.