Siberia Roe: Kufotokozera, zithunzi

M'zinenero zambiri dzina la Siberia roe nswala zikumveka njira zawo: m'Chingerezi - Siberia Roe Deer, German - Sibirischen Rehwild, Spanish - Corzo Siberiano, mu French - Chevreuil de A Sibérie. nthawi zambiri amatchedwanso kalelo. Koma ochepa mukudziwa kuti banja la kukongola izi ndi akutali ndi ena mitundu ya agwape. A okwana asanu, Sci Book of Records cholinga cha mlandu yoyenera Chili iwo mu awiri: roe mbawala (mitundu itatu - pygargus, caucasicus, tianschanicus) ndi Chinese. Pali subspecies awiri otsiriza - bedfordi ndi mela-notis. More tiona pa zosinthika choyamba, kwambiri mmene woimira chitsanzo ichi a ogawika-hoofed nyama.

Siberia roe

Capreolus pygargus - yaing'ono, kaso nswala pabuka-bulauni mtundu. coloration amenewa ndi osamvetseka kwa chinyama pa chilimwe. Kenako roe amakhala imvi, wotumbululuka bulauni kapena wakuda - mu nyengo yozizira. mchira wake ndi ochepa, ndi kuzizira ndi wosaoneka kapena osakhala sakupezeka. Amuna amakhala akuluakulu kuposa akazi, ndiponso ndi nyanga lalifupi, kawirikawiri ndi mfundo zitatu. denga The umachitika kwa October kwa January. A awiri latsopano, limene limayamba kukula mofulumira, posakhalitsa yokutidwa ndi "veleveti" alimbane ndi khungu, zinali iye amene amapereka magazi nyanga kukula.

Onani nyama zimenezi zingakhale mu zigawo kumpoto kum'mawa kwa Asia: Mongolia, pa Korea Peninsula, kum'mawa Tibet m'madera a kumpoto China, ndi Tien-Shan. A ambiri a mtundu wa mbawala tikukhala mu kum'mwera kwa West Siberia Plain. Makamaka, ndi yaikulu zone deta roe Kurgan dera. Chikhalidwe cha malo amenewa ndi yabwino yoti linakhalapo ndi kubalana.

Biology ndi kuswana nyengo

Siberia roe nswala akhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu kwa maola 24, koma nsonga yaikulu akuseŵera bwinobwino ake - m'bandakucha ndi madzulo. Kukumana nyama kungakhale kaya payekha kapena timagulu losanganikirana. M'nyengo yozizira, monga ulamuliro, iwo apanga gulu lalikulu, chifukwa mkosabvuta chakudya pamodzi. Deer zakudya lonse zokwanira, zimadalira zosiyanasiyana nyengo ndi masamba a tchire, mitengo, udzu, zipatso zokwana, bowa, nthambi ya paini ndi Mumapezekanso. Kuswana nyengo kapena "chisokonezeko", kukuchitika kuyambira m'ma July kwa August. Panthawi imeneyi, mphalapala amuna amakalipa kwambiri ndi mwachangu kuteteza dziko lawo. Kumenyana pakati pa amuna ndi zambiri. Iwo akuyimira kuwombana anthu awiri aamuna amene angalepheretse nyanga ina iliyonse, mbamuikha ndi kupotoza iwo. ndewu awa kungachititse kuvulala kwambiri ndipo ngakhale imfa.

Ndi kuwina, wopambana Kenako amamuchitira ndi mkazi. Chibwenzi zikuphatikizapo chigonjetso kufunafuna akazi kwa kanthawi, mpaka okonzeka amamuchitira. Ngakhale yotsirizira chikuchitika mu August, ndi dzira n'kuyamba kukhala mpaka kumapeto December - oyambirira January. Mu nswala obadwa kuchokera ana wina ndi atatu, kawirikawiri mu May ndi June. Nthawi zambiri zopezera mapasa. Atabadwa agwape awo aang'ono ndekha kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi. mtundu awo ozindikira kumathandiza amabisa nsomba kwa kanthawi, koma milandu imfa kwa adani adakali mkulu. Patapita nthawi iyi ana amakhala ndi amayi awo. Onse amuna ndi akazi amasiyana, koma akazi amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi achinyamata kuposa amuna.

wotsatira wa abale

Wachibale wake wapafupi wa mitundu Siberia nyama - nswala European. owayimilira ofanana moyo, chilengedwe, dongosolo magetsi ndi mbali zina za moyo. Only, ndi okha kusiyana maganizo pang'ono mu maonekedwe. mitundu Siberia ali ndi thupi chachikulu. Chilimwe scalp wowala mtundu pafupi ndi tsitsi lofiyira lapansi. Zima "malaya" ndi thicker kwambiri ndi coarser. nyanga m'mwamba chinanena mosapita m'mbali mu V woboola pakati, ndi konse.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti agwape ndi nyama yakuthengo ya ku Ulaya, limene kusaka amaloledwa (koma osati paliponse). Horn zinyama a nthumwi wokongola wa mtengo wake si wochepa ndi zikho zina European. Monga ulamuliro, nyama nyengo ndi mwambo kuyamba kumayambiriro May pamene zomera sanabadwe kukhala wandiweyani, ndi ang'ono-kakulidwe nswala imaonekera mu izo.

European roe nswala kofala England, kupatulapo kum'mawa (Kent ndi Midland). Komanso, nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu Scotland, osachepera mu Wales. Amakhala ku Ulaya ndi ku Asia Minor, kupatulapo zilumba za Corsica ndi Sardinia. No woimira nswala ku Lebanon, Israel, Northern Ireland ndi Eastern Europe. yogawa akhala yafupika, uthunthu ndi unagawanika chifukwa kusaka ndi kuwasokoneza anthu ena. Zimenezi zinachitika mu XIX mochedwa - oyambirira XX zaka.

Roe gwape. mafotokozedwe

Kunja Capreolus pygargus - mbawala ang'ono ndi khosi yaitali popanda manyenje, ndi Makutu ndi lalikulu (12-14 cm). Mchira ndi achikalekale (2-3 cm) yaitali ndipo sangathe kukula. Zima coloration zimasiyanasiyana imvi bulauni kuti woderapo m'chilimwe - kuchokera wofiira red-bulauni. Amuna, ndithu wandiweyani khungu pamutu, khosi ndi torso kutsogolo. Mchira chigamba akusowa kapena otsika chionetsedwe. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi noticeable kwambiri. Top wa imvi mutu kapena zofiirira, nthawi zina woderapo. Roe molt kawiri pa chaka, mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Ana a mtundu uwu kuyang'ana Umboni Wopereŵera.

Nyanga alipo, ndipo chaka chilichonse October ndi November wa roe anakhetsa. Latsopano kukula pafupifupi pomwepo. Anyamata ndi pang'ono kuposa atsikana. Kuwonjezera apo, iwo ali Bugorkova mawonekedwe. Woyambira Rosette zodziwika bwino.

Ziboda roe nswala, yomwe ndi chithunzi chabwino limasonyeza yopapatiza ndi waufupi, ndi bwino anayamba minofu lateral.

Analysis a magulu 11 a mbawala anasonyeza kuti pafupifupi kutalika nyama - 107-125 masentimita, kutalika pa phewa - 66-83 cm, kulemera - 22-30 makilogalamu, kutalika pazipita chigaza - 191-212 mamilimita ndipo m'lifupi - 84-91 mm. Paokha ang'ono ndi penapake elongated. Fupa lacrimal zochepa m'mimba mwake wa M'mimbamo yozungulira. zopangitsa Preorbital ali wakhanda awo, ndi ng'oma ng'ombe yaing'ono. Kutsogolo itha mafupa m'mphuno bifurcated ndi kukanikiza mafupa admaxillary. The zili m'njira ya kukula sing'anga. Mafupa maxillary ali ndi mkulu.

malo

Ngati ife kulankhula za chilengedwe, nswala roe amakonda nkhalango ndi zilumba ka nkhalango pakati olimapo. Iwo amakonda wamtali udzu meadows ndi zitsamba. Komanso, ngati zilumba za dziko otsalira pambuyo kudula mitengo, amene ntchito reclamation. iwo kukonda ndi udzu wautali ndi meadows ndi zitsamba.

Siberia roe nswala amatenga osiyanasiyana malo, kuphatikizapo mitundu nkhalango wosanganiza kapena coniferous, madambo, udzu, olimapo m'madera wakunja kwatawuni minda ikuluikulu. Ndipo inu mwina kale anaganiza amene amakonda mitunda ndi nkhalango ndi Zithunzi ndi bwino ndinazolowera malo ano ulimi? Ndiko kulondola - roe gwape. Photos m'nkhani mwangwiro kusonyeza.

chakudya

Roe zimawononga pafupifupi zikwi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera mwa malo awo. Awa, 25% ali mbewu mtengo 54% - dicots herbaceous, monocots - penapake 16%. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi masingano mitengo coniferous, koma kawirikawiri yekha amapezeka yozizira pamene zina chakudya palibe. Roe nswala amakonda zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kulemera zofewa ndipo muli wambirimbiri madzi. Chifukwa cha kukula yaing'ono m'mimba ndi ndondomeko mofulumira chimbudzi cha thupi lawo amafuna chakudya pafupipafupi. Iwo kawirikawiri ndi zisanu khumi nthawi kudya osiyana patsiku. Iwo akhoza aziwapatsa intervals nthawi malinga chakudya ndi iwo kugula akadakwanitsira.

Chakudya cha mtundu zosiyanasiyana ndi nyengo ndi zizolowezi nyama. Komabe, kafukufuku wina anasonyeza kuti kusiyana zikuchokera chakudya chimakhudzana kwambiri chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi malo kuposa nyengo. m'matangadza chakudya ndi kuchepetsedwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndi zakudya zochepa osiyanasiyana. Choncho, mlingo wa kagayidwe ndi kudya chakudya yafupika. M'chaka M'malo mwake, mphamvu limafunika ndi ndondomeko ya ukuwonjezeka chimbudzi. A limafotokoza mu mawonekedwe a mbewu kapena zipatso iwo zimawononga m'dzinja.

Siberia roe nswala akudya mwamtheradi mitundu yonse ya zomera: udzu, maluwa zakuda, ndipo masamba a mitengo, zitsamba, amakonda bowa ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana.

nswala zachisangalalo

Zolemba malire zaka, amene anali atathana - zaka 17 ndi miyezi 5 mu ukapolo. Kuyambira kuzipenya kuti akazi wamng'ono (90%) kupulumuka bwino kuthengo. Kuthengo pafupifupi moyo amayembekezeka wa nyama ndi zaka 15. Tikumbukenso kuti analili zingakhale za miyezi 2 5.5. Kotero kuti nthawi okwana mimba ali wokhoza kwa masiku 122 kwa 305.

kubereka ana

Roe wamwamuna akhwime zaka ku mapeto a chaka choyamba cha moyo. Komabe, iwo sangakhoze kuyamba kuswana ana kuti m'chaka chachitatu cha moyo. Physiologically amatha kubereka, ali ku March kwa October. Koma makamaka, ndondomeko imeneyi chimakhala cha June mpaka August. anthu ochepa zimachitika posachedwa kapena mtsogolo.

The wamkazi nswala chonde pambuyo akamafika miyezi 14. Nthawi estrus kawirikawiri chimachititsa maola 36.

Mimba ndi ana

Siberia Roe amatanthauza nyama hoofed, choncho ndi zobisika nthawi ya mimba, choncho mkombero wake ndi ubereki ndi osiyana ndi mitundu ngakhale yogwirizana. Implantation wa mwana wosabadwayo ndi zambiri amapezeka mu January. The dzira akulowa chiberekero, kumene amakhala wogawanika. Otsatidwa ndi miyezi 4-5 cha ntchito kochepa. Nthawi gestation ndi pakati pa 264 ndi 318 masiku. Agwape aang'ono timabadwa nthawi kuchokera April kuti July. Pa nthawi akhoza kubadwa ndi awiri, ndi atatu mwana. Iwo kulemera 1-1,7 makilogalamu, ndi mtundu chosiyana.

Young pafupifupi osatetezeka kwa masiku oyamba a moyo ndi yosavuta amakodwa zolusa. Kudyetsa mkaka chikuchitika mpaka August, ndi kwathunthu anaima kumayambiriro, koma nthawi zina zimatha mpaka December. Pambuyo kuyamwa ng'ombe kwathunthu kusintha kwa chakudya zamasamba. Iwo amakula msanga, masabata awiri pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa kukula kuposa thupi ali kawiri.

Mayendedwe a "kutetezedwa"

Ngakhale malo m'dera mwachilungamo yaikulu ndi nambala yambiri pa gwape m'mayiko ena, mpaka zotsatira zoipa (ngozi kawirikawiri), Siberia roe nswala ndi mu Red Book. Zifukwa ngati loletsa anali: zotsala zazing'ono anthu, komanso kuopseza poaching ndi predation. Osowa oimira mitundu ya nyama Siberia ndi ngozi chifukwa m'mbuyo malo, nyengo ndi zotsatira za zochita za anthu. Today roe kwambiri kutetezedwa mu UK. Ena njira ya kupha kapena adani nswala zoletsedwa malinga ndi alumikiza IV wa Convention Berne ndi mlandu. Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, tidziwa kuti pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia komanso akuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana pofuna kuthana poaching ndi kasamalidwe zomveka za chuma kusaka kuti abwezeretse ndi kuwonjezera kukula kwa Siberia roe gwape. Izi mitundu zinyama wokongola kutchulidwa Red Data Bukhu la Tomsk Region ndi Krasnoyarsk Gawo. Akusokoneza pa watilakwira za chilango cha roe imasiyana malingana ndi kuopsa kwa kuwonongeka anatsimikiza payekha ndipo malinga ndi lamulo. Zimakhala mpaka kasanu malipiro osachepera.