Kulimbana Malovu - chida cha imfa

Mu mbiri ya zida konsekonse analowa mawonekedwe kwambiri yoyambirira ya wake - imeneyi malovu chuma m'njira yapadera anapachikidwa pa mtengo ndi losandulizika, motero, mu chida cha imfa. kulunjika zake zikusonyeza kuti anali ntchito makamaka ndi osawuka pa zipolowe wamagazi, kawirikawiri linaphwanya kwa mtendere, koma si dziko zosavuta moyo.

mangongo wamba akhala zida

Kwa nthawi yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi ulimi zolinga asilikali anayamba m'zaka XIV. Kawirikawiri alimi, chifukwa ina mphamvu reshivshiesya kusintha njira yokhazikitsidwa ya moyo, kapena amakakamizidwa kusonyeza adani kuukira, adasandulika mangongo awo. Ndi kusintha mbali za ubwenzi zidutswa tsamba ku mtengo kapena kungoti consolidating iwo mu olamulira ofanana ndi izo, iwo akwaniritsa mmene amene chida amapha anakhala dzulo anali ndithu chabwinobwino Malovu.

zida Melee, motero analenga, pakhala m'njira zambiri. Zinali konsekonse, agile, ogwira, koma ambiri Chofunika - wotsika ndi angagulidwe. Nthawi zina, m'malo ochiritsira mangongo tsamba idaluma kutsinde la shredding wakuthwa mpeni kapena mwapadera linapanga awiri konsekonse ndipo pang'ono yokhota kumapeto tsamba.

Zida Swiss ndi alimi Czech

Kwa nthawi yoyamba ntchito imeneyi mtundu wa chida ali anatchulidwa ndewu imene anatsogolera wamba angapo cantons Swiss, kunyezimiritsa matenda Ankhondo Austria zimene zinachitika m'zaka za m'ma XIV kenako mobwerezabwereza alikukonzeka kwa zaka zitatu.

Pamene pa chiyambi cha XV m'ma pa dera la Republic Czech kunabuka nkhondo achipembedzo anayamba okonzanso kutsogoleredwa ndi Yana Gusa (Ahusi), ndi chimadalira waukulu wa asilikali inkakhala wamba, amene manja anali ndi mangongo chomwecho - chida chimene anachita banja lililonse.

Nthawi ya nkhondo m'mphawi

patapita zaka, lonse chapakati gawo la Europe chidafundidwa ndi magazi, wosweka pa zifukwa zachuma ndi chipembedzo ndipo anapatsidwa dzina Wamkulu wamba nkhondo. Kachiwiri malovu (zida) Kawirikawiri kusankha zotsatira za nkhondo, monga gulu lankhondo la zipani chikumenyana anali m'chinyumba ichi makamaka ndi osawuka amene sanathe kupeza mitundu zodula zida.

Ambiri a karate kuluka, anasonyeza lero m'mamyuziyamu padziko lonse, unayamba XVI atumwi, koma pali magazini aposachedwapa. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi kuluka (zida), kamodzi a mamembala Prussian asilikali ndiponso malinga ndi manyazi analipo izo, linatuluka mu 1813. Iwo Tingaone mu Dresden State Museum.

Mapeto a Ages Middle

Mu mochedwa Ages Middle, ndiye mbiri nyengo, amene anali kukambirana pamwamba, wakhala ambiri chida mawonekedwe a malovu, ndi zambiri bwino Baibulo - Glaive, kapena Glewe. Chinali cholinga makamaka nkhondowo pafupi ndi ankaimira polutorometrovoe kutsinde ndi kuwonjezera lathyathyathya, lakuthwa-adagadabula otochennye kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 60 ndipo m'lifupi mwake 7-10 cm.

Kuteteza kutsinde zisaonongeke, izo chidafundidwa ndi rivets kapena atakulungidwa zitsulo tepi. Tsamba lakuthwa, kawirikawiri ndi dzanja limodzi lokha, aziwapatsa utsi pa ngodya kwa msana zitsulo. Ndi inu angaonetse kulasa anachitira ndi pamwamba, komanso kuwayankha, mu kukhomerera lalikulu smashing ndi m'mphepete mwa zida mdani. Komanso, analinso yabwino kwambiri kuba kavalo ndi wokwera ndi kale pansi kuchipereka nkhonya wachivundi.

Choncho Glaive, amalola anagonjetsa monga chopping, ndipo cholinga ndi mokwanira oopsa chida. Zinali ambiri ku Ulaya, koma makamaka wotchuka mu France ndi Italy, kumene iye anali fixture a alonda a ulemu akuluakulu onse akuluakulu a boma. Kumeneko, iye kenako n'kukhala wapadera halberd otchedwa guisarme. Nthawi zambiri anapatsidwa nozzles awiri - molunjika ndi yokhota kumapeto - ndikulora msilikali kutsatira amakankhira ndi kukoka kuchokera mdani ndi kavalo.

Kumulavulira mu nkhokwe ya Cossacks

N'zochititsa chidwi kuona komanso kuti nkhondowo Malovu - chida, kenako Kutulukira ndi kutsutsana ndi mitundu yambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti nthawi yoyamba iye anaonekera mu nkhokwe ya Cossacks, ambiri a iwo wamba kale. N'zovuta kunena mmene wolungamitsidwa mfundo imeneyi, koma palibe angatsutse kuti mu nthawi ya Chiyukireniya dziko yomenyera nkhondo ya zaka XVII-XVIII mmodzi wa chachikulu chinali chabe chida.

Kumulavulira imfa unachita kwambiri Berestechko nkhondo zimene zinachitika mu 1651 pakati pa asilikali a Polish Mfumu Yana Kazimira ndi Cossacks Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo. Best kukumbukira olemekezeka, kuwauza kuti kudzera karate kuluka Cossacks Kutsogolera bwino kwambiri kukhazikitsa chitetezo ndi wotsatira potsimikizira-kuukira.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ambiri zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zokhudzana ndi udindo wa zida mu nkhondo yofuna ufulu wa Ukraine, anaonekera mu kusonkhanitsa Zaporizhzhya owonetsera zakale mbiri. Oterewa chopereka wathunthu ndi wamphumphu yoonetsa nthawi zosiyana za ulimi ndi kusintha kwa nkhondowo kuluka armourers m'derali.

Kugwiritsa nkhondowo mangongo ku Russia

Mu Russia, mbiri ya mtundu wa chida amagwirizana kwenikweni ndi kugalukira kutsogoleredwa ndi Stepan Razin, kenako Emelyan Pugachev. Wamba ndi Cossack misa milandu onse anapita kunkhondo zida anaitenga ku munda awo zinthu mwini - nkhwangwa, pitchforks ndi zikwakwa, reworked ndipo akhala chida yoopsa m'manja mwawo.

Ndipo, ndithudi, osanenapo kumenyana analavulira pa manja a lodziwika bwino zigawenga nkhondo ya 1812, zitsulo amene ali bwino kukumbukira asilikali a asilikali Napoleon ndi kuthawira ignominiously ku Russia. The Moscow owonetsera zakale zoyenera mbiri ya zochitika za zozizwitsa, mukhoza kuona ena ziwembu awo oyambirira.

Polish kosynierzy

Komabe, mwina kwambiri ambiri Malovu (zida) analandira ku Poland. Makamaka kwambiri izo zinasonyeza pa kupanduka Polish chifukwa chachiwiri kugawa wa Poland, zinachitika M'chaka cha 1794. Ndiye nkhondo mayunitsi zonse wa asilikali Russian, Polish, Chibelarusi ndi Chilituyaniya wamba anapanga mayunitsi ambiri, kuwagwiritsa awo okha kumenyana mangongo ndi mitundu zokhudza zida bladed kuyimilira anapachikidwa pa mipeni kutsinde ndi mitundu yonse ya masamba kunyumba zopangidwa. Asilikali a mayunitsi ankatchedwa kosynierzy (pa mawu "Malovu", "kutchetcha", ndi zina zotero. D.).

Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, kosynierzy unachita kwambiri Nkhondo ya Raclawice M'chaka cha 1794, komwe opandukawo Tadeusha Kostyushko anakumana nkhondo ndi asilikali a boma. mayunitsi awo, ogwirizana otchedwa apolisi Kraków atathamangitsidwa ndi matenda mdani, anafola mwa mizere itatu, ndi zida nkhondowo mangongo, akanadulidwa ndi kudula ngati inkachitika malupanga ndi mikondo, osati zipangizo otembenuka munda kutero.

Mu mzere woyamba anali amuna amphamvu, onyamula zida zankhondo, pamene lachiwiri ndi lachitatu - mangongo. Pamene mibvi opangidwa ananyoza, nthawi yomweyo anabwerera m'mbuyo kosynierzy, kuphimba iwo ali kutsegulaso zida, kuti panthawi imeneyo ankafuna nthawi zina za nthawi.

A chimodzimodzi linabwerezedwa pa chiwembu Polish a 1830, pamene ambiri mwa battalions zonse oyenda anali atakonzekera ndi zikwakwa. Malinga ndi ophunzira zochitika zimenezo, mdani oyenda ngakhale popeza yomatidwa mfuti mpeni, sakanakhoza kukana melee kosynierzy, kuchititsa wake yaitali ndi katundu oblique chopping ndi amakankhira.

Japanese kusinthidwa nkhondowo Malovu

Monga Baibulo wapadera kudziwika kwa olemba mbiri ndi asilikali Japanese Xhosa. The chida yosiyana ndi zimene mwakambirana pamwamba. Komanso, pokhala kusinthidwa wa ulimi kugwiritsa izo koma lasintha kwambiri. Choyamba, ngakhale mnzanuyo cursory kukwapula adzafupikitsidwa kutsinde, amene ali pafupifupi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ufulu tsamba amamangiriridwa. Mtundu wa chida kawirikawiri amatchedwanso karate chikwakwa.

Ngakhale kuti ndondomeko imeneyi amachepetsa mathamangidwe okhota a kayendedwe ka zida pa amadza chotero amachepetsa mphamvu zake kupha, limatipatsa kwambiri womenya maneuverability ndi kuvumbitsira woopsa kwambiri nkhondo pafupi. Nthawi zina, anthu ogwira pa unyolo nthawi yaitali zaikidwa kulemera, untwisted kuti akhoza chilongosoko katundu smashing nkhonya.

Pomenyana Malovu - wachokera wamphamvu ndi wolimba mtima

Alembedwera zithunzi nkhani ya zida (mangongo ndi zosintha awo) kulola ife kuti kuimira zosiyanasiyana onse a mitundu, amene analenga gunsmiths nthawi zosiyana ndi maiko, zochokera chida wamba ulimi. Wapafupi achibale mangongo osati guisarme, monga taonera pamwambapa, komanso masamba atazunguliridwa ndi mowers - kumenyana mafoloko.

The ntchito nkhondo ya mtundu uwu zida sanafune kuti kuphunzitsidwa mwapadera - zida chuma anali osavuta. Kunali koyenera kuti mphamvu, mphamvu ndipo, ndithudi, gawo chilungamo cha kulimba mtima kuti chofunika womenya ziribe kanthu zomwe chida iye anali atagwira.