M'madzi nsomba. Saltwater nsomba: dzina. Nyanja nsomba chakudya

Mu madzi m'madzi, monga ife tonse tikudziwa, kunyumba kwa zosiyanasiyana yaikulu nyama zosiyanasiyana. Ndithu gawo lalikulu la iwo nsomba. Iwo - mbali ya topezeka lodabwitsali. The zosiyanasiyana mitundu peresenti okhala nyanja ndi nyanja ndi chidwi. Pali nyenyeswa ndithu ndi kutalika centimeter limodzi, ndipo apo ndi ziphona, kufika mamita khumi.

m'madzi dziko

Ndipo mmene zokoma nyanja nsomba! Axamwali atchule kuti kuyambira tili ana maina chidwi: pollack, hering'i, capelin, saury, m'nyanja zikuluzikulu hake, nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere, rockcod ... Palinso toyesa kwambiri zosowa. Mwachitsanzo, nyanja kavalo, amasamukira mu malo ofukula mu ndime madzi ndi chidwi kuti banja la nsomba kubereka amuna. Kapena Shaki - nsomba waukulu nyanja, muli chifukwa kukula kwake mu Guinness Book of Records (ake kulemera ukufika matani makumi anayi, ndi kutalika mwina upambana mamita makumi awiri). Ngakhale izi nsombazi chinsomba ali wamtima mtendere kwambiri, ndiponso kudyetsa okha pa zomera. Akusowa osiyana zina kutsindikiza musakhudze umenewo, ngakhalenso kukwera kumbuyo. Wina chidwi kwambiri nyanja wokhalamo - mudskipper. Nsomba ali ndi dongosolo zachilendo kwambiri kwa thupi: mchira wake amalola akudumpha ndi zipsepse m'malo manja ndipo amapatsidwa mwayi kusuntha dziko. Mudskipper wa amafanana abuluzi, koma pamaso pa zipsepse ndi makutu akusonyeza kuti nyama zachilendo a nsomba.

N'zovuta kulingalira mmene anthu zodabwitsa kwambiri imagona pansi pa madzi. Ndipo m'madera kumalo ozizira ndi otentha akukumana saltwater nsomba. Mayina a mazana a mitundu kumene anapeza chaka chilichonse, ife tikumva kuchokera sayansi. Inde, palibe zodabwitsa iwo amanena kuti akuya nyanja ndi oipitsitsa kuphunzira kuposa expanses wa mlengalenga! Nkhaniyi itithandiza alankhulepo za zomwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba, kulankhula za phindu ndi makhalidwe zakudya inakhala zosiyanasiyana. Ndithudi, ife likhoza kukhudza pa mitundu ambiri, chifukwa okwana zoposa zikwi makumi atatu.

Malonda nyanja nsomba. Photos ndi maina

Kuposa magawo atatu a dziko andipeze nsomba malonda - amene yodziwika ndi machulukidwe mkulu anthu ndi mphamvu yapamwamba. Kusiyanitsa pelagic nsomba moyo mu pamwamba pa nyanja ndi zigawo chapamwamba (nsomba ya makerele, hering'i, nsomba), pansi ndi pansi nsomba moyo pansi kapena pafupi pansi mu zigawo pansi (m'nyanja zikuluzikulu plaice, pollock, nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere). Iwo anafotokoza kuti m'galasi kuchepetsedwa nsomba nsomba kunyanja. ngati mitundu mndandanda sadzakhala lembani kwathunthu: ali oimira mabanja a flatfish, nsomba ya makerele, carangidae ndi ena ambiri. Kenako, tinena za anthu amene amapanga misa katundu pa masitolo.

m'nyanja zikuluzikulu nsomba

aliyense m'banja amasiyana pang'ono mafuta nyama (amangoona peresenti wina) ndi nkhokwe mkulu mafuta mu chiwindi (peresenti makumi asanu ndi awiri). mtundu waukulu - m'nyanja zikuluzikulu wakuda m'nyanja zikuluzikulu haddock, duwa m'nyanja zikuluzikulu hake, njoka yam'madzi, hake, pollock.

1. m'nyanja zikuluzikulu

Mwina mmodzi mwa nsomba zabwino edible, yodziwika ndi wandiweyani nyama woyera, amene akutumikira gwero labwino koposa la mapuloteni, ndi kusowa kwa mafupa ang'ono minofu. Iwo ali ndi makhalidwe chosaneneka zakudya ndi kumachita monga chuma wachibadwa yaiwisi yopanga mafuta nsomba. Ndi zothandiza kwambiri chiwindi ndi m'nyanja zikuluzikulu roe.

2. haddock

Iwo ali chokoma ndi wachifundo nyama zonse m'nyanja zikuluzikulu. The owerengera akhoza kubwera pansi pa dzina la "m'nyanja zikuluzikulu", koma haddock mosavuta kusiyana ndi wakuda lamizeremizere. Izi m'madzi adani nsomba pafupifupi pachaka buku yokolola tithe wachitatu mu dziko, yokha pollock ndi m'nyanja zikuluzikulu. Wotchuka bwino zake zabwino mchere mu zikuchokera. A gwero wabwino wa potaziyamu ndi sodium wochuluka. Haddock zambiri kukonzekera zakudya zakudya.

3. Black m'nyanja zikuluzikulu

wotchuka saltwater nsomba. Mayina angapezeke osiyana - mafuta nsomba, nsomba malasha. Other Gadidae mamba osiyana, ndi chitsulo Reflux. Iwo ali kukoma kwambiri, wolemera mu mafuta: Omega-3 mafuta zidulo peresenti momwemo kuti makumi asanu kuposanso nsomba. Black m'nyanja zikuluzikulu muli zambiri niacin, selenium, vitamini B12. Lipindulitsa pa anthu ndi kachitidwe wofooka m'thupi, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, amene Nthawi zambiri mavuto.

4. Navaga

Ogaŵikana Pacific (Far East) ndi North. Yoyamba amakhala ndi chachikulu (munthu kulemera kwa kilogalamu imodzi), koma kwambiri, ogula zochepa. Pacific navaga ali nyama rougher osati monga chokoma, chonunkhira ndi yowutsa mudyo ngati kumpoto. Izi woyera nsomba za m'nyanja ndi otsika-kalori.

5. Burbot

Pali mitundu iwiri ya nsomba burbot: ofiira ndi oyera. Bwino kugula nsomba za mtundu woyamba: ngakhale kuti ali kanthu kakang'ono (kulemera kwa kilogalamu imodzi, pamene njoka yam'madzi woyera angafikire yolemera makilogalamu anayi), izo amakoma bwino. Ambiri, kugwirizana kwa nyama ya nsomba ndi coarser kuposa m'nyanja zikuluzikulu. Mafuta pafupifupi kwina (peresenti 0,1).

6. hake ndi hake

kwambiri mzake m'madzi nsomba (m'munsi zithunzi). Okwana pali khumi mitundu. Khungu lonse chivundikiro utoto mtundu ku chikasu siliva ndi imvi kuti zofiirira ndi pafupifupi wakuda. Pa khalidwe la nyama ndi bwino kuposa m'nyanja zikuluzikulu: ndithu wofatsa, woyera, ndi kukoma wabwino, wokongola mafuta (inayi peresenti mafuta).

7. Pollock

Izi benthic nsomba wamba mu North Pacific. Kutalika ukufika masentimita makumi asanu ndi anayi, ndi kulemera - makilogalamu anayi. Zopezeka mu Asia (Bering, Japan, nyanja ya Okhotsk) ndi kugombe la American (Monterey Bay ndi Alaska). Atlantic Pollock amakhala ku Nyanja Barents. zosavuta kuphika nyama nsomba: mukhoza kuwira, kugwedezeka, mwachangu, kuphika mu zojambulazo. Lili osiyanasiyana zinthu zothandiza: mavitamini A, C, PP, E, B-gulu, chlorine, potaziyamu, chitsulo, calcium, ayodini ndi mchere. Mafuta okhutira - peresenti awiri.

fulonda nsomba

M'banja kwenikweni olekanitsidwa fulonda ndi nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere. ogula awo katundu sizili zofanana. Pakati fulonda Far ndi yellowfin yabwino, amene ali owala zipsepse chikasu, zheltopolosaya, mdima ndi Japanese. Pakati pa banja flatfish imatchedwanso chinenero kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi. nsomba yodziwika ndi thupi elongated ndi nyama chokoma. Nthawi zambiri, akuya miyoyo nyanja mitundu osachepera mazana asanu flatfish.

1. fulonda

Limatchedwanso nyanja nkhuku. Nyama ya nsomba ndi woyera, chokoma, mafupa ang'ono (kupatula fulonda nyenyezi, amene fupa mapangidwe amwazikira thupi lonse). Mafuta okhutira - kuchokera limodzi peresenti asanu. Waweruzidwa kutchuka ndi North Sea maganizo, komanso lofala Atlantic plaice. nsomba saltwater losiyana thupi flattened ndi chidwi dongosolo la diso. Nyama fulonda - nkhokwe ya selenium, mavitamini A ndiponso D, amakondedwa ndi connoisseurs wa kukoma yowawitsa, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, osati aliyense amakonda fungo lake achilendo amphamvu.

2. nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere

The mitundu yodziwika kwambiri - Greenland, wakuda ndi nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere. Izi wochuluka nsomba kunyanja (mafuta okhutira - kuchokera asanu peresenti makumi awiri) ndi woyera chokoma ndi wachifundo nyama, ndi kukoma wokoma. Nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere, makamaka Khingan - gwero labwino koposa zidulo mafuta (magalamu zana la mungalenzelenze - limodzi gram zidulo Omega-3 mafuta), izo zimachita pang'ono fupa. Full wa magnesium, potassium selenium, phosphorous, mavitamini B6 ndi B12. nsomba adzakutetezani ku atherosclerosis ndi arrhythmia, kusintha magazi ndi ulesi mitsempha ndi mitsempha ndi kuchepetsa kukana kwawo.

bonito nsomba

Phindu malonda a m'banjali ali wogulitsidwa mayina osiyanasiyana. Pali Far, Kurilskoe, Atlantic (nyanja), Black Sea azov-nsomba ya makerele, bonito, nsomba. Monga ulamuliro, nyama ya nsomba m'malo mafuta, mafupa ang'ono, waulemu.

1. nsomba ya makerele

Imodzi mwa nsomba zotchuka kwambiri Russian. Osati aliyense amadziwa kuti zothandiza - yophukira nsomba ya makerele, pa nthawi ino, mafuta ake ukufika sate pa zana a kulemera chake, pamene anthu mafuta kasupe nsomba peresenti atatu okha. nsomba saltwater muli zambiri Omega-3 mafuta zidulo, mavitamini B12 ndiponso D.

2. Tuna

Kugawira mu madzi Atlantic, nazo zigawo pafupi ndi pamwamba madzi. Izi wochezeka zolusa chachikulu nsomba. Ndi thermophilic, kotero mu Nyanja Black adzaoneka yekha mu July ndi August. Kutalika ukufika mamita anayi ndi kulemera pa theka la tani ali. Iyi ndi mphoto ofuna msodzi aliyense. Kusiyanitsa skipjack, albacore, yellowfin, wamawangamawanga, bigeye nsomba. Nyama ndi osiyana mafuta ochepa okhutira - peresenti awiri.

3. Bonito

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe thupi la nsomba, koma mofanana yafupika. Izi wochezeka zolusa nsomba miyoyo Nyanja Black kufika kulemera kwa makilogalamu asanu, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali - masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu. Bonito, monga nsomba, kutentha wachikondi, kotero yozizira kupita ku Nyanja ya Marmara, ndipo Nyanja Black mu shoals madzi zatha kumbuyo ndithu, kotero kuti akakole ngati munthu kawirikawiri zotheka. Kusiyanitsa mitundu yambiri ya bonito: mfumu nsomba ya makerele (wahoo), monochrome bonito, Savary, mabanga bonito ndi ena. Izi nyama nsomba kuwala mtundu, wandiweyani kugwirizana ndi fungo lokondweretsa lili awiri kapena asanu peresenti mafuta (kupatulapo bonito mtundu umodzi kukhala mafuta zili peresenti makumi awiri).

carangidae nsomba

Palimodzi pali mazana awiri mitundu. Kuwonjezera pa nsomba ya makerele kavalo, m'banja limeneli trevally, Vomero, lihiyu, yellowtail ndi ena. Kavalo nsomba ya makerele nyama lomwe lili ndi mtundu grayish, mafuta okhutira peresenti awiri ndi anayi. The kwambiri zokoma - desyatiperaya nsomba ndi kulemera, izo penapake lalikulu kuposa masiku. Scad wosiyana kukoma ndi fungo (wowawasa). Oiliness trevally - theka kuchuluka mfundo, Vomero - mmodzi kapena awiri peresenti, Leahy - peresenti atatu kapena asanu.

nsomba Scorpionfish

Mitundu yonse ya banja ili ndi malonda zilipo pansi pa dzina "yoimba nyanja". Mu Atlantic, ndi phindu malonda ndi wamba nsomba Sebastes mentella (beaked chinsomba) mu Pacific Ocean - ndi snapper wofiira. mitundu Atlantic muli peresenti sikisi mafuta, pafupifupi kawiri mafuta ang'onoang'ono ali Pacific nsomba. Nyanja yoimba - lofunika zopangira kuphikira, Amalima chokoma nsomba msuzi.

sparidae nsomba

Pagrus Cuba carp, bream, nsomba Chon, dzino Scapa - onse oimira sparidae banja. Pa maalumali, iwo akhoza kubwera pansi pa dzina limodzi "Ocean carp." Adzalandira otsika mafuta (cent awiri pa), yowutsa mudyo ndi wachifundo nyama. Zosiyana mu mawu a okhutira mafuta okha Scapa, nyama yake lili peresenti asanu ndi khumi mafuta. Kukoma akukumbutsa nthumwi sparidae carp. Dourado amatchedwanso nyanja carp ndi gilt mutu bream. Maonekedwe izo pang'ono aukali, koma nyama - chokoma, onunkhira, ndi kuchuluka kochepa fupa. Chifukwa kukhalapo kwa unsaturated mafuta zidulo, kuphatikizapo myristic, palmitic, lauric, nsomba saltwater ndi zothandiza. Kudya Dorado, inu adzapulumutsa mtima chifukwa cha ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ufulu ndi kuteteza mapangidwe magazi kuundana.

nototheniids nsomba

Mu Antarctic zisakuyenda, kuti katswiri pantchitoyo wa chokoma nsomba - rockcod ndi anthu ena a m'banja izi: nyanja goby, toothfish, Squam. Mitundu awa anthu fattest - Toothfish (munali makumi awiri mpaka twente-faifi peresenti mafuta), kenako nsangalabwi rockcod (eyiti kwa sikisitini peresenti) The Squam (zinayi sikisi peresenti) ndi gobies nyanja (theka peresenti). nyama nsomba deta woyera, wandiweyani, chonunkhira mafupa ang'ono.

croakers nsomba

Banja tichipeza mitundu mpaka zana ndi makumi asanu. Mwa maina malonda a anthu kufika masitolo, ife amadziwika nyanja mumapezeka nsomba, nsomba mkulu (otolith), croaker, umbrine. The nsomba pali nthawi kulemera kwa wina ndi makilogalamu khumi kapena khumi ndi mafuta peresenti atatu. Musati pafupifupi nyama nsomba si okhwima ndipo si wankhanza, ndi lalikulu - coarse CHIKWANGWANI. mamembala onse a croakers banja, makamaka umbrine ndi otolith ndi mitengo yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa pafupifupi palibe amakambirana ndi fungo la nyanja, pa katundu zakudya amafanana nsomba miyambo anapeza madzi kumtunda. Nathenje piroksidinom wolemera mu mavitamini A ndiponso E, Omega-3 zidulo. Izi chakudya ndi chokoma nsomba akukondedwa ndi ogula ndi imalimbikitsa pophika mu mbale ambiri.

hering'i nsomba

Mwina pali munthu amene kamodzi pa moyo wake sanadye hering'i. Mwana aliyense Chirasha kuyambira ubwana wake. nsomba lili lofunika kwambiri tanthauzo malonda, amakhala makamaka mbali ya kumpoto Pacific ndi Atlantic nyanja. The hering'i zambiri zomanga thupi, mavitamini A, polyunsaturated mafuta. Komabe, ngati iwo ali kwambiri mafupa, amene Komabe, sanaime kuti apambane kutchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu. Nthawi zambiri hering'i ntchito mu mawonekedwe mchere. Mu Netherlands, wotchedwa "holo" lalikulu kusuta nsomba ndi mchere kakang'ono - "bekling".

smelt nsomba

Wotchuka nthumwi za banja - capelin. Izi ang'onoang'ono nsomba ndi pafupifupi krugopolyarnoe yogawa: m'madera kumpoto kwa Atlantic (Barents Sea) ndi Pacific, kozizira. Ogula zina kunyalanyaza angakwanitse nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono. Ndipo zifukwa zomveka. Ndithudi ayenera m'gulu chakudya! Nanga mungapeze kwambiri potassium ayodini, sodium? Koma ndi capelin mu sitolo si eni amphaka - ziweto kukonda nsomba. Iwo connective pang'ono minofu ndi pa nthawi yomweyo kwambiri zidulo mafuta ndi mapuloteni (za zana makumi awiri ndi zitatu) wa kuti milingo m'munsi magazi mafuta mosamala kuchotsedwa chotengera khoma zolengeza. Capelin akhoza kuphikidwa mwamsanga, ambiri zokoma iye akutembenuka, mwa kusuta ndi yokazinga.

pomaliza

M'madzi nsomba, chithunzi ndi kufotokozera chimene apatsidwa m'nkhani ino - zoona, mbali yaing'ono chabe ya inakhala onse amene amakhala mu madzi a m'nyanja. Tinakambirana kokha mitundu amene ogula ndi zofunika kwambiri. Kamodzi dziko Lachinayi ankaona tsiku nsomba. Tsopano, mitundu yonse ya nsomba, makamaka nyanja limapezeka pa magome athu pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Izi mosavuta anafotokoza kuti: nyama okhala nyanja lili zofunika anthu mafuta wathanzi, amino zidulo ndi mavitamini. Mu nsomba kunyanja pa ukhondo akuti zambiri zothandiza madzi abwino pa izo pafupifupi sikumangotikhudza zimakhudza anthu pa chilengedwe, choncho anthu a m'nyanja zochepa zakhudzana ndi zitsulo, mulibe woopsawo kwa radionuclides anthu ndi mankhwala.