Monga poyamba anaitanidwa ndi Moluccas?

Moluccas - moona m'paradaiso padziko lapansi, yodziwika ndi chikhalidwe wokongola yosiyanasiyana zake zonse. Mitunda Moluccas allocated wapadera, achilendo kokha kukongola kwa malo awa: kwabasi Magombe, osaya m'mavuto wosatekeseka, moti matanthwe, phiri otsetsereka ndi nkhalango zowirira yobiriwira.

Monga poyamba anaitanidwa ndi Moluccas?

Ili mu Chimaleya Archipelago (mbali ya kum'mawa), pakati pa chilumba cha Sulawesi ndi New Guinea, poyamba gawo lotchedwa "zonunkhira chilumba". Ndithudi, isanafike chiyambi cha m'ma 21 ndi Moluccas anali katundu waukulu zonunkhira mtengo monga nutmeg, tsabola, cloves, sinamoni. Iwo amakula pano pa m'minda yaikulu.

Pamene iwo wotchedwa Moluccas patsogolo? Mu Arabic, dzina lake limatanthauza kuti "dziko la mafumu." Zonunkhira Islands (Moluccas) akupanga mamita lalikulu 74,505 a m'dera lake. makilomita okwana kutalika za 1,300 kukafika kumpoto kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi kum'mwera.

kusiyana achipembedzo mu Moluccas

Kwa nthawi yaitali, gulu la zilumba zambiri, limene pali 1027, anali safikapo yachilendo. Ichi ndi chifukwa uka kwa nthawi pali kusamvana pa malo achipembedzo. Choncho, mu 1950, anthu a Chikristu kulengezedwa ndi Republic Maluku Selitan kum'mwera kwa Moluccas. Kuyesa kupatukana yomweyo anasiya asilikali Indonesia kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu amadza.

apogee ake kusiyana pakati pa Asilamu ndi Akristu unakula atasemphana zida anafikira mu 1998-2000. Ndipo chiyambi cha banja lonse anatumikira okwera akangana ndi dalaivala wa basi. Malinga ndi akatswiri, uyu anali ovuta kwambiri m'zaka za posachedwapa nkhondo yapachiweniweni; dera anakakamizika kusiya anthu pafupifupi 80 chikwi.

Zitachitika zinthu zimenezi, zilumba potsiriza pa mtendere ndi ena, zinachititsa kuti kuchuluka yaikulu alendo ochokera kuzungulira dziko, Akatswiriwa ndi asayansi amene mukufuna kufufuza zina ndi zilumba.

utsogoleri magawano

Moluccan chilumba gulu lagawidwa m'zigawo: North Malukku zilumba za zilumba Ternate, Halmahera, Sula ndi South Malukku wa Ambon, Buru, Seram. Ndipo lero, mu Ternate madzi, ndi maonekedwe a nkhondoyo aukali pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha zombo olowa ndi ndege.

Alendo zilumba ngale, amatchedwa "Munda wa magombe chikwi", ndi chilumba cha mzinda Ambon ndi dzina lomweli. Anakhazikitsidwa mu 1574 ndi panyanja Chipwitikizi, maonekedwe ake, iye anali zizindikiro za nthawi makedzana, ngakhale anatayika chifukwa cha nkhanza mabomba ankhondo ambiri a nyumba za nthawi ya atsamunda. Chosaiwalika chidwi kwambiri amati Ambon Fort Victoria - mpanda asilikali, amatikumbutsa asilikali kale kutali. Kum'mwera-kum'mawa kwa mzinda ndi phiri Sirimahu m'mudzi wa soya wolemera pa chimodzi cha otsetsereka ake. Pa kuona, achititse chidwi alendo - nyumba yogonamo wakale wa dziko Raja ndi mpingo Dutch inamangidwa mu 1817. Nearby pali midzi ingapo ya omwe ali zake nyumba megalithic.

Pa Population wa Moluccas

Zoyerekeza anthu, inhomogeneous onse anthu ndi zachikhalidwe, ndi anthu mamiliyoni 2.1. Mu mawu achipembedzo m'zilumba anagawa za mofanana; Chikhristu analengeza makamaka kum'mwera, Islam - kumpoto. Anthu ambiri chilumba cha Ambon ndi Ternate, ochepa okhala anamuona pa zilumba zikuluzikulu - Halmahera, Buru ndi Seram.

Poyamba, 130 zinenero afalitsidwa m'chigawo; pa nthawi, panali osakaniza ambiri a iwo. Popularization wa wamkulu analandira m'zilembo m'dera ndi ambonezskogo ternatskogo.

A mbiri pang'ono

Woyamba European m'dera la Moluccas adanyamuka mu 1512 ndipo linakhazikitsidwa ndi panyanja Chipwitikizi. Anazolowera katundu wawo onunkhira kwa Europe. Mu 1663, amtengo chuma, inali ya Netherlands, ndipo mu nthawi ya nkhondo Napoleonic, ndi Moluccas, dzina lakale limene - ndi "zonunkhira chilumba", anali kugwidwa ndi Britain, kutaya chuma chawo pa 18 mochedwa m'ma 19 oyambirira. Mkati mwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse "zilumba zonunkhira" anatanganidwa ndi Japanese. Nditamaliza ake (1945), gawo anakhala gawo la Indonesia anapanga boma.

Mudzi zilumba zambiri lamapiri; Phiri Binaya ili pa chilumba Seeram, ndi chimbuzi cha chilumbachi; kutalika kwake ndi mamita 3019.

Zilumba - ambiri zochita mapiri khumi. Choncho, zivomezi ndi kuphulitsa mapiri - chodabwitsa kawirikawiri zokwanira; Mwachitsanzo, m'mbuyomu zaka 50 kunachitika mu dera oposa 70.

Za nyengo Moluccas

Nyengo pa zilumba ndi yonyowa. Chapakati ndi kum'mwera gawo ku yophukira kuphuka chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mphepo youma, yotentha chilumba kuukira chonyowa mvula. Wapakati mpweya kutentha pafupi gombe - kuchokera madigiri +25 kuti +27.

The nyama ndi zomera za "Islands zonunkhira"

Ambiri a m'dera limene mukukhala fikusovymi, kanjedza, nkhalango za nsungwi, pamalo okwera mamita 1200 kwakukulukulu mwakula deciduous ndi mitengo ndi nkhalango coniferous kayaputa - mtengo tiyi, limene ndi gwero la mafuta zofunika ntchito aromatherapy. Mu malire m'munsi mwa ambiri anapeza Mumapezekanso mtengo, wokolopa ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. zomera ndi wofanana ndi kwambiri kuderako; apa mukhoza kupeza mitundu ya nyama wapadera madera awa: Zinkhwe cockatoos, ng'ona, boas, mileme, mtengo-kukwera marsupial, achule mtengo, mbalame paradaiso.

Kwa zaka zambiri, mayiko amenewa pa zilumba zonse Indonesia ankatengedwa kwambiri mtengo malo, monga ali ndi ufulu wonse kwa kulima zonunkhira mtengo. m'minda lalikulu la sinamoni, tsabola, allspice, kanjedza (sago ndi kokonati), nutmeg chifukwa oona mtima kusangalala lonse ake.