Mphamvu ya anthu - makamaka ubwino ndi mitundu

Lamulo loyamba limati zachilengedwe - chirichonse chiri cholukanalukana, osati mwa iwo okha koma ndi chilichonse. N'zosatheka mwatsatane tsatane, asakhudze chilichonse. Munthu nthawi zonse akukhumudwa bwino chilengedwe. Sitepe iliyonse ya munthu wawononga ambiri yaying'ono-zamoyo, ngakhale mu dziwe wamba, osanenapo mantha tizilombo amakakamizidwa kusintha kusamuka maulendo awo, kuchepetsa zokolola zawo. chilengedwe ndi kusukulutsa, zatha zachilengedwe mu m'chilengedwe chifukwa linaphwanya. Zonsezi wakula mu vuto lonse. anthu ambiri ali pa zobvuta kupulumuka. Ngati munthu sasintha, ndi anthu pangozi angapo mibadwo kutha. Kodi anthu ndi mmene kunachokera nambala ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Khama la anthu

Zamoyo za thupi mitundu chomwecho chimene angathe kupatsana mudziwe majini mkati gulu ili, agwilitse danga zopatsa mbali ya m'dera biotic ndipo ikugwira ntchito mwa izo - anthu chake. Iwo ali angapo makhalidwe amene ali chotengera chabe ya gulu ndi kulekanitsa anthu cha gulu ili.

mphamvu zimadalira kachulukidwe?

Zinthu ngati mphamvu ya kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu zimadalira kachulukidwe ake. Pali mitundu itatu ya kudalira amenewa:

• anthu kuwonjezeka mlingo amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka osalimba. zodabwitsazi ambiri ndipo ikusonyeza chifukwa mtendere wa ena anthu. Ndi kuwonjezeka kachulukidwe amachepetsa chonde. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pa mahekitala 1 m'dziko kachulukidwe mkulu Tito zosakwana 1 awiri, ndiye munthu angalandire chisa za ANAPIYE khumi pa osalimba a awiriawiri 18 - mu umodzi chisa aswa anapiye mpaka 8. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mphamvu ya kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu chimadalira pa kachulukidwe zimakhudzanso anthu msinkhu. Izo zimasonyeza bwinobwino pa njovu, angathe kubereka zomwe zingachitike zaka zapakati pa zaka 12 mpaka 18. Ngati kachulukidwe ndi yaing'ono, kenako tikhoza kunena za kubadwa kwa slononka pakatha zaka zinayi, ndi mkulu - njovu imodzi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
• Mlingo wa kuchuluka kwa anthu pachimake pa kachulukidwe pafupifupi. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa mitundu amene amalembedwa mmene gulu.
• Mu mtundu wachitatu, yomwe ndiyo mphamvu ya kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, mitengo kukula kukhala zikutsatiridwa mpaka nthawi sinafike anafika kachulukidwe mkulu, kenako amayamba kutha mofulumira. ubwenzi ndi kuoneka bwino lomwe kwa anthu lemmings. Iye ali pa nsonga ya kachulukidwe akuyamba ulendo wawo.

zinthu biotic

The mgwirizano anthu kukula lamulo anatsimikiza makamaka ndi zinthu biotic. Chief pakati pawo mu nkhani iyi ndi mpikisano mwa mitundu. A chitsanzo chapadera: kulimbana kuswana (m'malo mwake). mpikisano amenewa angayambitse zotsatira za mantha a matenda (zotsatira zokhudza thupi). Chotero mphamvu ya kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu mwangwiro anati mu makoswe. Kwambiri mkulu osalimba thupi zotsatira akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa chonde ndi kuchuluka imfa. Ndicho chimene kukula Ambiri anabwerera ku mlingo zachilengedwe yachibadwa.

Zinthu zokhudza kukula kwa

Pali mitundu ina imene akuluakulu kudya ana awo. Chotero ntchito ya mphamvu anthu ndi nambala yake amatchedwa kudya. Ndi nthawi kukula kwa anthu kuti ndichepe. Chitsanzo cha zodabwitsazi angathe kutumikira nsomba mu nyanja ya Western Siberia. Chakudya achikulire tichipeza 80% ya ana a mtundu wake womwewo. The aziphedwa wamng'ono kwambiri zomera.

Mwanjira pakati pa mitundu ndi zofunika kulamulira osalimba a anthu. Zilombo zolusa komanso nyama, tizilombo makamu awo - chidwi mphamvu chinthu anthu mitundu yambirimbiri ya zamoyo. Pa zinthu izi kawirikawiri izo zimatengera osalimba anthu.

zinthu zina monga matenda. Mitundu yonse ya mavairasi amatha kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mitundu ina zizindikiro amene amapezeka pa nthawi imeneyo ndi zogwirizana. Zimenezi zikugwira ntchito kwa zamoyo zonse, kuphatikizapo anthu. The yachangu njira matenda yafalikira anthu ndi osalimba kwambiri.

mitundu ya mphamvu

Popeza mphamvu ya kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu - ndi kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu mu chiwerengero chomwechi, nau n'zovuta kupeza awiri ofanana (ofanana mu mphamvu) a anthu, koma akhoza kukhala pafupi ndi zolakwa zazing'ono, kuchepetsedwa kwa mitundu itatu mphamvu anthu:

1. Khola.
2. Mosinthasintha.
3. Zachiwawa.

Kufotokozera khola ndi mosinthasintha mtundu

Khola mtundu - mmene mbalame kwambiri lalikulu ndi nyama. Kugwiritsa njira zolimbana osakaniza ndi kuthekera biotic mwa anthu, ndipo mu ubale pakati pa anthu ena kunja akupatseni ena kusinthasintha mu manambala koma pang'ono, kangapo, koma sanatero dongosolo. Udindo waukulu mu lamulo dongosolo anatumizidwa interrelation pakati pa anthu a zilombo zolusa komanso njira nyama anthu ndi khalidwe mkati, monga utsogoleri wolowezana, okhudza malo, ndi zina zotero.

Mosinthasintha mtundu - lililonse kwa anthu, chiwerengero ndi osalimba amene ranges ku malamulo awiri atatu udzakwaniritsidwa. Ofooka inertial zimagwirira ndi intrapopulation mpikisano mu dongosolo la lamulo nambala ya zinthu ngati n'kofunika kwambiri. mtundu uwu khalidwe Mwachitsanzo, tizilombo ambiri xylophagous.

More kafadala makungwa oblong - ndi mosinthasintha chiwerengero cha mitundu ya mphamvu kwa anthu, kuti kudziluma tambirimbiri mayi ndi kuikira mazira mu Siberia larch mtengo.

Mu mtundu uwu wa mphamvu udzadutsa njira zitatuzi:

1. Tizilombo pomenyana mitengo munthu amene ali ndi pang'ono kupatukana utomoni. Iwo secrete pfungo, kukopa anthu ena. Ndizo zimasonyeza malire, ndi mtengo wofooka zina. Ndi kukula kachulukidwe akuyamba kusamuka kwa mitengo inzake.
2. tizilombo kachulukidwe akuchulukirachulukira, ndi akazi chepetse chiwerengero cha mazira anaika mwa iwo. Mphutsi anayamba kufa mu ochuluka.
3. Kuchepetsedwa anthu osalimba, ndi olimba a anthu mlingo akadakwanitsira.

Pa anthu kafadala makungwa ndi lalikuru amadza nsikidzi adani. Koma nditaona kuti pamene chiwerengero cha kafadala anali misinkhu otsika ndi sing'anga kukula Ambiri adamuwumiriza ndi kafadala khungwa. chiwerengero cha kafadala yekha kukhala chachikulu - kumachepetsa mpikisano intraspecific, lomwe limathandiza kukhalabe mkulu mlingo wa anthu.

Zachiwawa mtundu ndi mbali kanukanu

Zachiwawa mtundu - khalidwe la anthu a kubuka misa kubalana, pamene nambala ukuwonjezeka ndi zambiri za madongosolo. munthu uyu ali ndi msinkhu ndi mkulu angathe biotic. Kachulukidwe mwina mwachidule olumpha mphamvu malo okhala. Ndiye misa kusamuka akuyamba. Izi kwenikweni chikutanthauza dzombe, makoswe ndi anthu ofanana.

N'zovuta Musaone kufunika kwa phunziro la mphamvu anthu za tsogolo la dziko lapansi.

Ngati pali misa kubalana, ndiye kulankhula za kusowa kulamulira ubale interspecies. Mudzabwerera boma lokhazikika chiwerengero cha lamulo kumachitika makamaka likuvutika njira intrapopulation. The kuchotserapo ndi unyinji wa matenda, pamene pali compaction wa anthu.

Khalidwe lochititsa chidwi la anthu ndi homeostasis. Izi ya mfundo ndi zinthu amadalira kachulukidwe ndi kuchititsa kusinthidwa. Homeostasis zimathandiza kusinthasintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu mu malamulo alionse (kumathandiza zikutha m'mayiko zinthu zachilengedwe). Izi zipangitsa bwino zachilengedwe, biotic ndi chilengedwe abiotic.

Tanthauzo ntchito mphamvu anthu

Aliyense anthu, chiwerengero zonse kusintha. Pamene pali poyera kuti chilengedwe muyezo kupatuka chiwerengero cha magawo (pafupifupi), amasonyeza ndondomeko kusinthidwa. Kubweranso kwa anthu pafupifupi amatchedwa lamulo. Kachulukidwe nthawi zonse amasintha phindu lake pamene amapita kusintha kukula anthu.

Tikhoza kunena kuti mphamvu ya kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu - lingaliro kumene kumatsimikizira ukulu angathe biotic.

Mmene zinthu zachilengedwe pa zamoyo kuti tiyeni mungasinthe kukula kwa anthu zimadalira kachulukidwe ake. Zikuphatikizapo maubwenzi ndi chuma biotic wa abiotic zinthu zachilengedwe. Mothandizidwa zinthu ndi anthu akonzedwa homeostasis.

Malamulo a homeostasis

• Maziko a dongosolo homeostatic ndi kusinthidwa cha lamulo, ndicho. E. The zolakwa kudzudzulidwa dongosolo.
• Ambiri mwa zinthu ndi zotsatira zolimbana wa unilateral, umalimbana kuchepetsa kukula kwa kukula yogwira anthu.
• chiwerengero ndi chinawonjezeka ndi kuchepetsa zinthu kuthamanga lamulo.
• Pakuti mfundo zosiyanasiyana za osalimba pa anthu kusintha udindo wa zinthu zosiyana zolimbana.

Pa njira bwino momwe homeostatic, malingana ndi mtundu wa mphamvu anthu aliyense anthu. Akuti anthu aliyense angathe kukula malire alionse, ngati si mwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Ndiye mlingo wa kuchuluka kwa anatsimikiza ndi kukula kwa lingathe biotic.