Kodi timadya timadzi timadya chiyani? Mbalame Sorkork: mitundu, kufotokoza, chithunzi, malo

Nkhwangwa ndi mbalame yaikulu, kunja kwodabwitsa, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito mafashoni ambiri mu mafashoni a zovala ndi zipangizo. Koma ngati mutha kuwona mbalamezi kawirikawiri pa madiresi ndi zikwama zazing'ono, zenizeni mitundu ina ya timadzi timene timatchulidwanso m'buku la Red Book. Chiwerengero cha nkhono za mtundu wakuda (Ciconia nigra), Far East (Ciconia boyciana) ikucheperanso mofulumira.

Banja la mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mitundu 17 ndi mitundu 9, mbalame zimakhala ndi khosi lalitali, thupi lalikulu, miyendo yaitali, yopanda kutsegulidwa ndi membrane yosambira ndi chingwe chothwasa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalamezi imasiyana mosiyana. Kodi timadya timadzi timene timadya, zimakhala kuti, zimalera bwanji ana awo? Kodi mitundu yambiri ya mbalameyi ili ndi mwayi wotani? Kwa mafunso onsewa, mupeza mayankho m'nkhaniyi.

White Stork

Dzina lachilatini ndi Ciconia ciconia. Mitundu imeneyi imatha kudziwika ndi mtundu wa chipale chofewa cha mchira ndi nsonga zakuda za mapiko. Chifukwa cha mtundu wosiyana (miyendo ndi mlomo wa mbalameyo ndi yofiira) kobiriwira yoyera imakhala yosungira kwa ojambula ambiri a ku Asia, fano lake limapezeka kawirikawiri ku China ndi Japan ndi zithunzi za granes. Mbalame yaikulu imakhala yolemera makilogalamu 4, akazi - osachepera pang'ono. Mapiko a sitirogi yoyera amafika masentimita 60 m'litali. Mayesero anapangidwa kuti awoloke stork yoyera ndi wakuda, koma palibe chomwe chinachitika, chifukwa miyambo yawo yaukwati ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Nkhumba zoyera zimakhala zokha.

Black Stork

Dzina lachilatini ndi Ciconia nigra. Oimira zamoyozi ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi timadzi timadzi tooneka ngati oyera: kulemera kwa makilogalamu 3, ndipo mapiko awo samapitirira masentimita 55 m'litali. Mtundu wa mbalame nthawi zambiri siumdima wakuda, koma ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wofiira. Mufiira, mlomo, miyendo, khosi ndi khungu pafupi ndi maso. Mimba ya sitirogi yakuda, yomwe chithunzi chake chaperekedwa pansipa, ndi choyera. Mbali yodziwika ya timadzi timadzi timene timakhala timodzi timodzi timasankha wokondedwa pa moyo.

Sitimayi-Razinya

Dzina lachilatini ndi Anastomus. Ili ndilo dzina lofala la mtunduwu, limaphatikizapo African stork-razinya, Indian stork-razynya. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwapadera ndi mulomo waukulu umene sukutseka kwathunthu, nthawizonse pali kusiyana kochepa. Ndicho chifukwa chake mbalame imatchedwa dzina limenelo.

Yabiru wa ku Brazil

Dzina lachilatini ndi Jabiru mycteria. Ndi mbalame yaikulu yomwe ili ndi mapiko a mamita 2.5. Nsonga ya mlomo wautali wa sitirowe imakhala yong'onong'ono. Thupi la yabir la ku Brazilian ndi loyera loyera, ndi mutu, khosi ndi thumba - mu buluu wakuda. Amayi ndi osiyana ndi amuna omwe ali ndi maso achikasu. Khosi la stork, chithunzi chimene mungachione pansipa, chili ndi mavalo a red-lalanje m'munsi.

Marabu

Dzina lachilatini ndi Leptoptilos. Ili ndilo dzina lofala la mtunduwo, limaphatikizapo Javanese, African, Indian marabou. Mofanana ndi yabir ya ku Brazil, timitengo timeneti ndi zazikulu, ndi mutu waukulu ndi mulomo waukulu. Ngakhale mbalame zikuluzikulu zimakhala ngati nkhono zonyozeka kuposa nsomba zabwino kwambiri. Mapiko aatali amatalika masentimita 70, mbalame zimalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu asanu. Marabu ali ndi dzina losavomerezeka - "adjutant", lolandiridwa ndi iye paulendo, ngati asilikali. Pamutu wa mbalame mulibe nkhwangwa, monga mtundu wa phokoso la khosi, kuthandiza kuthandizira mulomo waukulu. Mchira, mmbuyo ndi mapiko ndi zojambula mu mdima wakuda kapena wakuda.

Far East Stork

Dzina lachilatini ndi Ciconia boyciana. Ponena za zowonongeka, ku Russia chiwerengero cha mbalamezi sichiposa zikwi zitatu. Mbalame, monga timadzi timadzi toiira ndi zoyera, zimakhala zokha. Kunja amafanana ndi timadzi timadzi toyera, koma zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo mlomo wawo uli utoto wakuda. Lili ndi mayina ena: Chitchaina, gogork wakuda. Khungu lozungulira maso a Far East storks ndi lofiira kwambiri. Kuwonongedwa kwa anthu a mitundu iyi sikuphatikizapo zabwino zokha, komanso kutaya ufulu.

Kudyetsa timadzi tokoma

Chida chachikulu chosakasaka timadzi timeneti ndi mulomo. Kodi timadya timadzi timadya chiyani? Maziko a zakudya ndi chakudya cha nyama: kuchokera ku tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timathera ndi tizilombo tochepa. Kawirikawiri mumatha kuona njoka za mbalame zikudya njoka ndi achule. Nkhonowe, zomwe mwafotokozera m'nkhaniyi, imatha kugwira mbalame yaing'ono, mbewa, hare kapena gologolo. Kawirikawiri, timadzi timadzi timapitilira, koma timatha kudya nyama yowonongeka. Si zachilendo kuti mbalame izi zidutse mtunda wa makilomita 5-10 kuchoka kumalo odyera kuti zipeze chakudya chokwanira kwa ana aamuna.

Zakudya zam'madzi zimadya zonse, zimatha kubweretsa ana awo chiwerengero chachikulu. Momwe mbalamezi zimapangidwira zimakulolani kuti mubweretse madzi mumlomo wanu. Kusaka, nkhwangwa imatha kudzibisa mozungulira pansi pa zomera zomwe zimayandikana, imakhala yosasuntha kapena kuyenda pang'onopang'ono. Zikumveka kuti mbalame zimenezi sizimasindikiza, choncho musakope chidwi ndi nyama. Nthawi zina chakudya chamasana chimatha kusankha mazira a mbalame zina.

Zimene timadya timadzi timadya, timadziwa kale. Ndipo ine ndikudabwa, mu kuchuluka kotani? Pambuyo pake, mbalameyi ndi yaikulu, ndipo monga momwe mukudziwa kale, chakudya chimatha kumeza. Pochita ntchito yachizolowezi, thupi la munthu amene akudwala sitirobe amafunika pafupifupi magalamu 700 a chakudya patsiku. Nkhumbazi ndizosaka kwambiri, pali milandu pamene iwo amapeza mbewa 50 mu ola limodzi.

Lifespan

Ndikoti timadzi timene timakhala? Pazimenezi, mbalame zitha kukhala zoposa kotala la zana. Ndipo ndi angati omwe amakhala ndi timaguchi timene timakhalamo? Munthu wamba sakhala ndi zaka 15. Pewani moyo wautali wa sitirowe monga zinthu monga chilengedwe, kusankha kwachirengedwe, matenda, kusowa chakudya, kuvulazidwa ndi anthu komanso zowonongeka. Nthawi zina nthumwi za banjali zimachepetsera nthawi ya moyo wa anthu anzawo, ndikuwombera mbalame zodwala. Zimadziwika kuti timadzi timene timakhala nthawi yomwe mphamvu imakhala yabwino, kumene kulibe anthu otemberera pafupi, kumene mtendere ndi bata zimakhalapo.

Malo a wintering storks

Nkhwangwa ndi mbalame yosamuka, kupatula mbalame za ku South Africa zomwe zimakhala pamalo amodzi, osati kuthawa kulikonse. Iwo akuyang'ana malo oti azikhala m'nyengo yozizira, kumene kudzakhala kutentha kokwanira ndi chakudya chochuluka. Zitsanzo zakale ndi zazing'ono za storks zimapita ku nyengo yozizira kumadera ozizira mosiyana. Kawirikawiri, izi zimachitika pakati pakumapeto kwa August ndi October. Ulendowu umachitika masana, mbalame zimauluka pamwamba, zomwe zimawombera ku Ulaya ndi kum'mawa kwa storks zimasiyana.

Mbalame, zomwe zimakhala kumadzulo kwa Elbe, zimapita ku Peninsula ya Iberia, kenako zimapita ku Africa kudzera ku Gibraltar. Zotsatira zake, mbalame zachisanu kumadzulo kwa Africa, m'deralo pakati pa chipululu cha Sahara ndi otentha. Pano, mbalame za ku Ulaya, mbalame za ku Iberian Peninsula, ndi Morocco, Tunisia ndi Algeria.

Mbalame, zomwe malo ake okhala ndi kum'mwera kwa Elbe, zimatumizidwa ku nyengo yozizira pakati pa Sudan ndi South Africa. Akuuluka koyamba ku Bosphorus, kenako kuwoloka m'mayiko a Asia Minor ndi Palestine, athamanga mtsinje wa Nile, asanafike kumene akupita. Gawo la phukusi likhoza kukhala ku South Arabia, ena amasankha ku Ethiopia, pamene ena amapitiriza ulendo wawo wautali, ena amafika ku India.

Pali malo osiyana siyana a nyengo yozizira ya timitengo timene timadya timadya timadzinso ndi mitundu: azungu amawona nyengo yozizira ku Africa, Pakistan, India, Korea, pa zilumba za Japan. Black - kum'mwera kwa Sahara, m'mphepete mwa Ganges, kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kwa China.

Za anapiye

Kawirikawiri, pali mazira ambiri mu kamba kusiyana ndi anapiye amathyola: mazira ena amakhala osapangidwa. Nasizhivanie imatenga masiku 30 mpaka 46.

Chilumba chaching'ono chimakhala ndi masomphenya, koma mopanda chithandizo m'masiku 70 oyambirira a moyo. Nestlings oyera ndi fluffy, atatha kugwira ntchito masiku 10 akunama, ndipo masabata 7 oyambirira amakhala m'malo oberekera - chisa. Ngakhalenso mwanayo ataphunzira kuuluka, makolo amamuthandiza kufunafuna chakudya kwa milungu 2-3.

Ngakhale nkhuku za dokowe zili m'chisa, kulemera kwawo kungapitirire kulemera kwa makolo awo, koma pang'onopang'ono zakudya zawo ndizochepa. Nkhumbazi zimatulutsa odwala, ofooka omwe amachokera ku chisa, kusiya okha omwe amatha kulimbana ndi moyo. Kukula msinkhu kumachitika ali ndi zaka zitatu, mbalame zimayamba kudyetsa - patatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Habitat

Nchiyani chimatsimikizira malo a storks? Mbalameyi, pofuna kupeza chakudya choyenera, imakhala pansi pamapiri, m'mphepete mwa madzi ndi m'madziwe. Mvula ya timchere timakonda kukhala otentha, yosavuta kapena yotentha. Marabu amamanga zisa m'mitengo, timitengo tating'onoting'ono timakonda nkhalango, zoyera - malo otsika, abir - malo otsetsereka.

Nkhanuzi zimakhala ku Ulaya, kumpoto kwa kumadzulo kwa Africa, ku Asia Minor ndi ku Central Asia, ku Amur ndi Primorye, pa zilumba za ku Japan. Mbalame zam'madzi zimakhala kumwera kwa chilumba cha Iberia, kum'mwera kwa Persian Gulf, kumpoto - ku St. Petersburg, Tomsk. Kwa sitirowe wakuda, malo odyetserako malo ndi omwe ali ndi mathirakiti akale a m'nkhalango, mathithi osatha. Mbalameyi sakonda kukhala ndi anthu.

Nthiti za storks

Zinyama za mbalamezi zimakhala ndi malo ambiri: kutalika kwake kufika mamita awiri, ndipo kulemera kwake - kuposa makilogalamu 200. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimasankha denga la nyumba kapena mitengo, koma palinso malo osayembekezereka kumene zinyama zinapezeka, mwachitsanzo, nyali. Poyambirira, pamene denga la nyumba za anthu linali lopsa, timadzi timene tinakhazikika kumeneko. Pakalipano, zisa zawo zitha kupezeka pa nsanja za madzi, masitolo otukuka.

Zida zopangira zisa: nthambi, nthambi, udzu, udzu, nsalu, ubweya, pepala. Chisachi chingakhale ndi makolo aakulu komanso mazira 7. Kawirikawiri timadzi timadzi timakhala komwe kuli kale abale awo. Monga lamulo, timphepere timakhala mu chisa chomwecho kwa chaka chimodzi, kumanga bwino kwambiri, ndi kuwongolera ngati pakufunika.

Zolemba ndi zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi storks

Zomwe mbalamezi zimadyera, momwe zimakhalira, ndi mitundu yanji yomwe imakhala yofala - inu mukudziwa kale zimenezo. Pomalizira, ndikufuna ndikuwuze nthano komanso zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi mbalamezi zosayerekezeka. Nkhwangwa m'mayiko ambiri ndi opatulika, mwachitsanzo, ku Japan izo siziletsedwa kuwamasaka. Kale ku Girisi, kunali chizoloŵezi kugwada pa mawondo pakuwona kowewe woyamba. Pali nthano zambiri zokhudzana ndi timadzi timeneti, zomwe sitinganene za mpheta iliyonse.

Maso osamvetsetseka ndi akuda akuda: amakonda kukakhala kutali ndi anthu.

Nthano

• Nthano yochititsa chidwi imafotokoza mtundu wofiira wa mphuno ndi miyendo ya storks. Nthawi ina, nthano iyi imati, Mulungu adapatsa munthu thumba lodzaza njoka, zimbalangondo ndi zinyama zina. Munthu amayenera kuwachotsa: kuwotcha, kuponyera m'nyanja, kuika kapena kusiya kuchoka, koma osamvera. Chikwamacho chinachotsedwa chifukwa cha chidwi, ndipo recalcitrant adalangidwa ndi kusintha kwa nthawi yaitali kukhala wodyetsa mbalame za mizimu yambiri yoipa. Munthu wakale ankachita manyazi ndi zomwe adachita, chifukwa timadzi timene timakhala ndi mphuno yofiira ndi miyendo mpaka lero.
• Chilankhulo cha Chiyukireniya: kamodzi pa nyumba ndi ana awiri, timadzi timeneti timakhala. Panali moto, koma eni ake analibe pakhomo, ndiye timitengo timene timanyamula anawo pamoto, ndikuimba nyimbo za mapiko awo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, nkhwangwa zonse zimakhala zakuda, ndipo milomo ndi miyendo ndi zofiira.

Zosangalatsa

• Marabou ndi nyama yowonongeka, kotero kuti si onse a m'banja la a storks amadyetsa achule ndi kafadala;
• Nkhwangwa sizimakonda kusintha chisa chawo nthawi zambiri, pali milandu pamene mabanja angapo a mbalame amakhala mu chisa chomwecho kwa zaka zoposa 300;
• Amuna a stork sakhala osasangalatsa kwambiri: amapanga mwamuna ndi mkazi yemwe amayamba kuwachezera m'nyumba (chisa);
• Kuwongolera mazira sikuti amangotengedwa ndi akazi, koma ndi amuna;
• Aroma akale ankakhulupirira kuti nkhwangwa, kukula, kudyetsa makolo awo, koma izi siziri choncho;
• Paulendo mbalamezi zimatha kugona kwa kanthaŵi koti zikhazikitsenso mphamvu, pamene zikupitiriza kuyenda.

Zizindikiro zojambulidwa ndi storks:

• Chizindikiro cha Chijeremani: ngati msungwana akomana ndi kasupe ali ndi timadzi timadzi timeneti, chaka chino timubweretsa ukwati, ngati wina akadakwatiwa;
• Chizindikiro chochokera ku Morocco: timphepete timatengedwa ngati anthu ochokera pachilumba chakutali, titha kuyang'ana mbalame ndi kumbuyo;
• Anthu a ku Moldova amaona kuti mbalameyi ndi chizindikiro cha winemaking ndi kukula mphesa;
• Ku Turkey iwo ankakhulupirira kuti nyumba yomwe chisa cha storks chinatetezedwa ku moto ndi mphezi;
• Nthano ya ku Poland imanena kuti timphepete timayendayenda mumlengalenga chifukwa, ndikuchotsa mitambo;
• Aarmeniya amaona kuti timadzi timadzi timene timakhala ngati antchito a ulimi.