Japanese kupenta. Modern kupenta Japanese

Japanese kupenta - wamkulu ndi woyengeka mtundu wa luso zabwino, zimene limaphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana njira masitaelo. Mu mbiri yonse ya kukhalapo izo lasintha ambiri. Ataphatikiza miyambo yatsopano ndi Mitundu, komanso Japanese mbadwa anakhalabe mfundo. Pamodzi ndi mbiri zodabwitsa za kupenta Japanese ndipo ndi wokonzeka mfundo zambiri wapadera ndi chidwi.

Japan wakale

Woyamba Japanese wamasiku zojambula kuonekera mu nthawi yakale kwambiri ya mbiri ya dziko, komabe BC. e. Ndiye luso anali wokongola achikale. Choyamba, mu 300 BC. e., panali zosiyanasiyana akalumikidzidwa zojambula, amene anachitika pa mbiya ndi timitengo. Pofika nthawi ina monga amapeza ngati pofukula ngati chokongoletsera pa mabelu zamkuwa.

Patapita kanthawi, m'chaka cha 300 BC. e., pali phanga zojambula, zomwe nthawi zambiri zosiyanasiyana geometrical chokongoletsera. Ichi ndi chithunzi chodzaza ndi mafano. Anapezeka m'manda ndipo mwinamwake anthu amene amadza kwa iwo, anakwiriridwa mu manda awa.

Mu 7 m'ma BC. e. Japan zalembedwa, lomwe linachokera ku China. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chithunzi choyamba atatulukamo. Ndiye pali kupenta monga malo osiyana luso.

Edo

Edo - uyu si woyamba kapena womaliza sukulu ya Japanese kupenta, koma chikhalidwe zinali iye amene anabweretsa kwambiri zinthu zatsopano. Poyamba, ndi kuwala ndi nzeru, zimene zimawonjezera njira mwachizolowezi, lilipo malankhulidwe wakuda ndi imvi. Chithunzicho wotchuka kwambiri kalembedwe izi imatengedwa SOTAS. Iye analenga zojambula tingachipeze powerenga, koma zilembo zake ndi zokongola kwambiri. Kenako, iye anazimitsa chikhalidwe, mitunda ndi ambiri kunachitika pa maziko a golide.

Kachiwiri, panali zosowa mtundu wanyimbo namban mu nthawi Edo. Ndi ntchito masiku ano European ndi Chinese luso, amene zapiringizana ndi masitayilo miyambo Japanese.

Ndipo chachitatu, pali Nanga School. Iwo ojambula zithunzi woyamba kwathunthu wotsanzira kapena kukopera ntchito za ambuye Chinese. Ndiyeno pali nthambi yatsopano, imene inkatchedwa bundzhinga.

nthawi wamakono

Edo nthawi Meiji m'malo, ndipo tsopano luso Japanese amakakamizidwa yafika pa msinkhu wina wa chitukuko. Panthawi imeneyi, dziko lonse anakhala Mitundu otchuka monga Western, ndi zina zotero, kotero wamakono luso wakhala boma wamba zochitika. Komabe, Japan, dziko limene anthu onse analemekeza mwambo, pa zinthu panopa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi zimene zinachitika m'mayiko ena. ndimakwiya pano wokonda mpikisano pakati amaphunzitsidwa European ndi makonsolo.

Boma pa nthawi imeneyi, mutsogolerane ndi amisiri achinyamata amene amagonjera ziyembekezo kwambiri kusintha kwa luso kalembedwe kumadzulo. Choncho kuwatumiza ku sukulu ku Europe ndi America.

Koma izo zinali chabe mwa chiyambi cha nthawi. Mfundo yakuti amatsutsa mwamphamvu kwambiri odziwika kudzudzulidwa Western luso. Kupewa zambiri chisangalalo padziko nkhaniyi, masitaelo European ndi luso anakhala kuletsa zisudzo, iwo anasiya kutumikira pofuna, ndi kutchuka.

Maonekedwe a kalembedwe European

Kenako nthawi Taisho. Pa nthawi iyi, amisiri wina amene anapita kukaphunzira ku sukulu achilendo, iwo anabwerera kwawo. Kumene, ndi iwo kubweretsa latsopano Japanese masitaelo kupenta ofanana kwambiri ku Ulaya. Zikuoneka Impressionism ndi Post-Impressionism.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, ndi kuchuluka kwa sukulu imene kusinthidwa wakale masitaelo Japanese. Koma kuchotsa mumaganiza Western sangathe. Choncho ndikofunikira kuphatikiza njira zingapo kusangalatsa okonda onse a zapamwamba, ndi mafani kupenta ano European.

Ena sukulu ndi ndalama zolipirira ndi boma, kuti amalowerera kusunga miyambo yambiri ya anthu. Ogulitsa Private ali wokakamizidwa kutsatira zokonda za ogula amene mukufuna zinthu zatsopano, iwo tatopa upamwamba wa.

Chithunzi WWII

Pambuyo isanayambike wa nkhondo kupenta Japanese nthawi zina anakhalabe kucheza ndi zochitika. Izo kusanduka mosiyana ndi paokha. Koma icho chimapita kwamuyaya kotero sakanakhoza.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, pamene mavuto a za ndale mu dziko likuipiraipira, kanjedza mkulu ndi kulemekezedwa anakopeka ojambula zithunzi zambiri. Ena a iwo akadali pa chiyambi cha nkhondo ayamba kulenga kalembedwe kukonda dziko. Onse a pachiyambi kwa ndondomekoyi yekha mkulu wa apolisi.

Choncho, makamaka kuti aphunzire Japanese pa Wachiwiri World nkhondo analephera. Choncho, chifukwa pachithunzipa angatchedwe patsogolo.

suybokuga wosatha

Japanese sumi-e kupenta, kapena suybokuga, amatanthauza "inki zojambula". Kudziwa kalembedwe ndi maluso a luso. Icho chinabwera kuchokera ku China, koma Japanese asankha kuzitcha izo njira zawo. Ndipo poyamba makina anali mbali iliyonse zokongoletsa. Chimonko ntchito kwa kudzilungamitsa kusintha kuphunzira Zen. Komanso, poyamba anajambula zithunzi, ndipo kenako ndikachite ndende pamene inu kuziona. Amonke ankakhulupirira kuti bwino thandizo mizere yoyera, olakwika kamvekedwe ndi mthunzi - onse amene amatchedwa Black.

Japanese inki kupenta, ngakhale zosiyanasiyana kwambiri dongosolo ndi luso si monga zovuta monga Zingaoneke koyamba. Bukuli lili zikuphatikizapo onse 4 la chiwembu:

1. Chrysanthemum.
2. Orchid.
3. Nthambi ya maula.
4. Bamboo.

A ochepa nkhani amachita chitukuko cha luso mofulumira. Ena ojambula zithunzi amakhulupirira kuti kuphunzira kumatenga moyo.

Ngakhale kuti sumi-e anabwera kwa nthawi yaitali, nthawi zonse ankafuna. Komanso, lero, kukakomana ndi ambuye a sukulu iyi mungathe osati Japan, ndipo unafalikira malire ake.

Nthawi zamakono

Kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World mu Japan, luso asangalala yekha m'mizinda ikuluikulu, anthu akumidzi ndi m'midzi ndi nkhawa zokwanira. Ambiri aluso ndayesera kuti asiye zomvetsa nkhondo ndi zimasonyeza pa chinsalu cha moyo wamasiku ano mzinda ndi kunali kukometsa zake zonse ndi mbali. Bwinobwino anatengera maganizo European ndi American, koma imeneyi sizinakhalitse. Anthu ambiri aluso anayamba pang'onopang'ono kuchoka iwo mu njira ya sukulu Japanese.

kalembedwe Traditional nthaŵi zonse yapamwamba. Choncho masiku ano kupenta Japanese zingasiyane yekha mu njira kapena zipangizo ntchito mu ndondomekoyi. Koma ambiri aluso zoipa ndazindikira zaluso zosiyanasiyana.

Tikumbukenso yapamwamba subcultures zamakono monga anime ndi masitaelo ofanana. Anthu ambiri aluso akuyesa kutchinga kuti tisaone mzere pakati pa tingachipeze powerenga ndi zimene anafuna lero. Nthawi zambiri imeneyi chifukwa cha malonda. Agiriki ndi miyambo Mitundu sikuti kugula ntchito chake opanda pake monga wojambula mu mtundu wanyimbo lake lapamtima, m'pofunika kuti azolowere mafashoni.

Pomaliza

Mosakayikira, kupenta Japanese ndi nkhokwe ya luso. Mwina dziko funso wakhala yekhayo amene sanapite chotsatirapo cha mumaganiza Western, sanali atengere makonzedwe. Ngakhale tokhala ambiri mu nthawi ya kufika njira yatsopano, ndi amisiri Japanese anali akadali kufotokoza za miyambo Amalawi Mitundu ambiri. Mwina n'chifukwa chake mu zisudzo alipo chikuzika zojambula, anaphedwa kalembedwe zachikhalidwe.