Mtengo kapangidwe: chiwembu. Features ya kapangidwe kunja mtengo

Mitengo zamoyo zovuta kuti ntchito mphamvu dzuwa, atagwira likutentha ndi kupulumutsa bwino topezeka. Kapangidwe kunja mtengo zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi mbali yaikulu, monga masamba, maluwa ndi zipatso, thunthu, nthambi ndi mizu.

Features ya kapangidwe kunja nkhuni: Krona

Amatupitsa chomwe masamba ndi nthambi mu kumtunda kwa mtengo, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu kusefera fumbi ndi tinthu ena mpweya. Zimathandizanso kuziziritsa mpweya, mthunzi ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira za mvula pa nthaka. Masamba udindo mphamvu ya mtengo lonse.

Iwo ali wotchedwa chlorophyll, chimalimbikitsa dzuwa ndi mitundu iwo wobiriwira. Masamba ntchito mphamvu dzuwa kutembenuka mpweya woipa komanso madzi kuchokera mlengalenga shuga ndi oxygen. Shuga, chimene chiri mitengo chakudya, ntchito kapena kusungidwa mu nthambi, nthunthu ndi mizu. mpweya wa adzamasulidwa ku mlengalenga. mitengo kubwera mu akalumikidzidwa ambiri ndi makulidwe.

Tsinde ndi nthambi

Thunthu ndi nthambi komanso overlying kutumphuka tichipeza osiyanasiyana maselo ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ena amatumikira kupereka mphamvu ndi kukhazikika, pamene ena zikugwira mayendedwe a madzi, ena ali ndi udindo kasungidwe wowuma ndi zakudya zina.

kutumphuka

Kapangidwe ka mtengo zikuphatikizapo chinthu chofunika chonchi, ngati makungwa. Amakhala makamaka a m'madera awiri:

1. Makungwa wamkati (phloem) amagwira nawo moyo wa mtengo. maselo ake tubular kupanga mtundu wa madzi, umene zakudya kusungunuka m'madzi amafalitsidwa ndi mbali zina za mtengo wa masamba ndi masamba, kumene iwo anali chinaonekeranso umene timapuma.
2. The kutumphuka akunja wapangidwa makamaka maselo akufa. Iwo ali ndi ming'alu. Ndi mtundu wa containment ndi tizilombo, nyama, kuzizira, kutentha ndi zinthu zina kunja.

kukula mtengo

Kapangidwe ka mtengo kumafuna pamaso pa mbali zitatu meristematic, ie, maselo akhoza kugawanitsa ndi motsanzira. Awiri a iwo ili mizu ndi masamba pa nsonga ya nthambi, amene amalola mtengo kukula m'litali. Zoni lachitatu lili pakati makungwa ndi matabwa, umatchedwa mtima cambium. maselo ake kugawa mkati ndi kunja, ndiyo mbali zonse. Choncho, m'kati mwa mitundu alipo munthu wamkati makungwa latsopano. Cambium ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti mitengo kukula, ndi kuchira awo ndi kuvulala kwa chitetezo zowola.

dongosolo muzu

mbali Anatomic ya kapangidwe mtengo kunja monga pakalibe pachimake mu dongosolo muzu, kochulukira kuchuluka kwa parenchyma, kapena otchedwa maselo amoyo. Mu mizu ndi ochepa ulusi ndi ang'onoang'ono kuposa thunthu ndi nthambi chiwerengero mphete kukula. Mobisa Kapangidwe ka mtengo (mizu) ndi zofunika kwambiri zinchito. Kayamba ndinazolowera chifukwa mayamwidwe ndi posungira wa madzi ndi mchere zinthu otsika kuwala. Iwo amafuna mpweya kwambiri, zimene amapeza mpata wochepa pakati pa particles dothi.

Ntchito inanso yofunika ya dongosolo muzu ndi kusunga mbewu oongoka. mitengo onse a mizu lateral nthambi mu ang'onoang'ono ndi amakonda elongate mu ndege yopingasa. Ena mitengo ndi taproot imene imafika mamita 7. Aliyense muzu aphimbidwa ndi zikwi tsitsi, kulola kuti mosavuta kuyamwa madzi ndi michere kusungunuka kwa nthaka. Ambiri mwa dongosolo muzu lili wosanjikiza chapamwamba nthaka.

pachimake

Mu ndondomeko ya kukula maselo akale a xylem pakati pa mtengo m'mbuyo ndipo amangokhala, ndipo potsiriza kufa, kupanga mphete wodzazidwa ndi shuga, utoto ndi mafuta, kotero pachimake zambiri akuda kuposa ena mbiya. Ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kuthandiza mtengo. Xylem tichipeza zigawo achinyamata nkhuni, amene amadutsa madzi ndi chakudya mizu masamba ndi mbali zina za mtengowo. Cambium - wosanjikiza woonda minofu, amene ndondomeko umabala latsopano kukula kwa maselo mwina xylem kapena phloem. M'mawu ena, izi ndi zimene kumawonjezera thunthu ndi nthambi awiri.

zidutswa nkhuni ana

Kapangidwe ka mtengo ana bwino anafotokoza pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zooneka. Kuzoloŵerana ana ndi mtundu wina wa zomera zingathandize zosiyanasiyana zithunzi, mitundu, fanizo. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kuti Zochita mfundo pa buku la zithunzi ndi zina zotero. Chinthu chachikulu - musati overdo izi ndipo zimamuchulukira mwanayo ndi mfundo zambirimbiri zosafunika. Ndikwabwino kuyambitsa ndi chithunzi limodzi, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera zina complicating Zojambula za mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri. Tiyenera kulimbikitsa anaphunzira m'njira yochititsa chidwi, ntchito masamu, ndakatulo ndi nkhani yosangalatsa. Pamene mungafotokoze kapangidwe ana nkhuni, mawonekedwe ndi tanthauzo ayenera kukhala osavuta ndiponso yomveka. Mwachitsanzo, muzu - gawo la mtengo, zimene zatsalira pansi. Thunthu kuthandiza korona ndi nthambi, amene kukula masamba. Makungwa kumateteza mtengo ndi kutentha, kuzizira, chinyezi imfa ndi kuwonongeka ndi zina zotero.
Mitengo ndi mbali yofunika ya dziko lathu. Iwo amapereka nkhuni kumanga zamkati ndi pepala kupanga. Iwo amapereka malo kwa mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, mbalame ndi zina nyama. mitundu ya zipatso ndi mtedza kukula pa mitengo, kuphatikizapo maapulo, malalanje, walnuts, mapeyala ndi mapichesi. Ngakhale mtengo kuyamwa lipindulitsa ndipo amakhala chakudya cha tizilombo osati. Mitengo kumathandizanso kusunga mpweya wabwino ndi zachilengedwe zimadalirana - wathanzi. Ife pokoka mpweya mpweya ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide. Mitengo kuyamwa mpweya woipa ndi kumasulidwa mpweya. mgwirizano mwangwiro basi! Kapangidwe ka mtengo (chithunzi anapereka m'nkhani) zikuphatikizapo nambala inayake zigawo zikuluzikulu, omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa zomera lonse.