Mumve tebulo ya Pushkin. Moyo ndi ntchito ya Pushkin

Zilandiridwenso Russian mabuku namatetule A. S. Pushkina ndi kwakukulu ndi malire kuti n'zosatheka kuti aganizire. Mwachidule kuchuluka tebulo ya Pushkin, ndithudi, kodi si phuma onse. Iye ankaona anayambitsa chinenero chamakono Russian. Novelist, ndakatulo, wongonena ndi Wolemba wina Pushkin kukonda kuwerenga ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse. nthawi Pushkin lakhala nthawi yaitali inadutsa. Koma cholowa analenga akukhalabe moyo wake zolembalemba pa siteji ndi mafilimu a kanema a adanyamula kwambiri ndi akatswiri a ndakatulo tanthauzo, yomwe imatithandiza kumveketsa m'njira zake, monga momwe maphunziro ndi maphunziro, komanso chitukuko makhalidwe komanso mwauzimu.

Pedigree Pushkin

Kuti timvetse masomphenya kulenga ndi m'nyimbo maganizo A. S. Pushkina, muyenera kaye mbiri wake kuti iye anali ndi mafunde kwambiri ndi chidwi. Mumve tebulo ya Pushkin (moyo wake ndi ntchito) muli zambiri masiku zofunika. Mu m'kanthawi kochepa moyo ankachitira, iye anatha kalekale kusiya kukumbukira kukoma wa yekha, chifukwa ntchito zake wosafa.

Yemwe anali agogo a ndakatulo iyi anali Abramu Petrovich Hannibal - Aitiopiya yachikuda, godfather ndi Pet Tsar Peter, amene anakhala wotchuka wamkulu wa asilikali Russian ndi akulu injiniya asilikali.

Amadziwika kuti A. S. Pushkin ndi mbadwa ya wachikulire wolemekezeka koma losauka mtundu Ioanna Groznogo nthawi. SERGEY Lvovich Pushkin - kholo la ndakatulo iyi - anali anapuma Major, amene anakwatira anthu dona Hope Osipovna, nee Hannibal. banja lawo ankaona misalliance, monga iwo anali wamkulu zaka kusiyana.

mayi Pushkin linali lalikulu-mphwanga mwamuna wake, Sergeyu Lvovichu. Iwo tinakwatirana mu 1796. Ukwati wawo unali silamphamvu. Iwo anali ndi ana asanu, koma asanu a iwo anafa ali wakhanda. Panali Olga, Alexander ndi Leo, amene zikugwira maphunziro kawirikawiri m'malo ndi anamkungwi yachilendo.

Childhood Pushkin, 1799-1811

Mnyamata, amene iwo anamutcha Alexander, anabadwa mu 1799, May 26 (malinga ndi kalendala latsopano, June 6). Ndiye makolo ake ankakhala Moscow, mu misewu ya German m'nyumba Skvortsova. Mnyamatayo akamakula amphamvu ndi ankasewera ndikungozikonda agogo anga aakazi, Gannibal Mariya Alekseevna, limene nthawi zambiri ankagona mu Zakharov wakunja kwatawuni. Anakhala woyamba angagwirizanitse mdzukulu wake kuwerenga ndi kulemba ndi kuwauza nkhani ya nthano banja. A yachiwiri anali mnzake wapamtima wantchito wake ndiwotani, Arina. Iye anaika tsogolo namatetule chikondi pang'ono Russian folklore.

Kale zaka zisanu ndi zinayi Pushkin ankadziwa bwino laibulale bambo wake ndipo anali ndi chidwi chowerenga ntchito woyimba wotchuka ndi olemba monga Homer, Voltaire, Plutarch, ndi zina zotero. D. Potengera ntchito za Moliere, iye analemba ndakatulo yake yoyamba mu French, kuyesera talente yake inali isanafike kuwuluridwa mu versification Russian.

Lyceum, 1811-1817

Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1811 Pushkin analembetsa bungwe maphunziro ya mfumu Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum kwa ana a amazikonda anthu otchuka. Ndi apa kuti Pushkin anapanga maganizo ndi ndale zawo zikhulupiriro, izo amadziŵika monga ndakatulo kwambiri. maganizo ake m'nyimbo zinadzala ndi chisangalalo ndi chimwemwe. Umayamba pa Lyceum seethe weniweni ndakatulo moyo Pushkin a.

Iye analemba 130 ndakatulo, kuphatikizapo "The Tsamba", "Kuti bwenzi wolemba ndakatulo", "Kukhumba" ndi ena. M'chinenero choyambirira ndi chosavuta kumva ulaliki kudziika ndakatulo wake ku ntchito za ena akuyimba achinyamata masiku ano. Wotsutsa VG Belinsky kale ankamuona makings a ndakatulo m'tsogolo dziko. Pa maphunziro ake pa Lyceum Pushkin anakawagoneka bwalo zolembalemba "Arzamas", lofalitsidwa mu "Russian Muzeum" magazini ndipo anayamba ndakatulo "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila".

Pushkin ndi Derzhavin 1815

Pushkin kuchuluka tebulo lili chidwi kwambiri ndi zofunika chinthu china kwa ndakatulo, amene adzakhala nthawi yomweyo anakumbukira Maulendo Ake. Tsiku lina mu January 1815, pa Lyceum pa anthu ankapita mayeso anali mankhalamba Derzhavin. ophunzira onse a Lyceum mantha pamaso ntchito. Pamene Pushkin anapita kuwerenga ndakatulo wake "Maulendo mu Tsarskoye Selo" Derzhavin yomweyo anakhala kwambiri chamoyo, maso ake mowala. Pushkin anafika ku malo, omwe akunena za dzina la Derzhavin, mawu ake Belo kunja, ndipo mtima wake unayamba mapaundi. Atamaliza, Derzhavin anasangalala ndi nthawizonse ndinkafuna zimaphunzitsa mwana wamphatso, koma Pushkin anathawa, ndiyeno chabe sanapeze.

M'chaka cha 1817 lyceum ophunzira pochitika mayeso omaliza. Iwo ayenera kutchulidwa kuti ophunzira anzake angapo sekondale ndiye nawo chiwembu Decembrist mu 1825. Pambuyo amasulidwe nkhani mbiri ya Pushkin ayamba kukhota yatsopano, ndi ndakatulo amayamba chidwi palokha moyo.

Petersburg moyo, 1817-1820

Chikadzangotha kusiya Lyceum, Pushkin ku St. Petersburg, nalowa kutumikira College State wa Affairs okhonda. Pali moyo ndakatulo ndi adzakhuta osati kusangalala ndi ulesi, iye amaonetsa mtsempha mwapang'onopang'ono wakutemwa, maganizo mwaufulu lokhala wosasangalala, amene anakhalapo nthawi ya unyamata lolemera. Iye analemba ode wake wotchuka "Liberty", ndakatulo "Kuti Chaadaev", "The Village" ndi T. D. Pushkin kwayamba kutchuka kwambiri ndi odziwika bwino umunthu mabwalo a boma, ndakatulo ndale chifukwa chidwi chenicheni mwa anthu. Pa ichi iye analipira. Tsar Alexander Ndikufuna kutumiza Pushkin ku Siberia. Koma kupembedzera kwa Zhukovsky ndi Karamzin kupulumutsa ndakatulo opandamantha chilango ichi kwambiri, ndipo anatumidwa kutumikira Caucasus.

South kugwirizana, 1820-1822

Poyamba anakhala Caucasus, ndiyeno anapita ku Crimea, Kishinev, Odessa. Kwa zaka zambiri mu ukapolo kum'mwera, iye akuganiza kwambiri ndi ntchito intensively pa ntchito zimenezi wotchuka ngati "Mkaidi wa Caucasus" ndi "kasupe wa Bakhchisarai". Pa nthawi yomweyo iye analemba parody wa ndakatuloyi "Gabrieliad" kumenya nkhani ya Mzimu Woyera Uthenga, Nanga adzadandaula moyo. Koma ndiye, mnyamata ndi otentha, kunali kutali kwambiri, monga ku Chisinau anagwirizana mphanga Masonic.

Link ku St Michael, 1824-1825

Kuchita Freemasonry, amene Alexander I inakhazikitsa lamulo analetsa August 1, 1822, A. S. Pushkina anatumiza m'ndende panyumba pa banja chuma chake Mikhailovskoye m'mudzi pafupi Pskov. Patapita yodzaza ndi phokoso moyo Odessa Pushkin a zasintha wosakhazikika nyimbo anali wachisoni kwambiri ndi kum'boola kumeneko. Only luso anakhala chipulumutso chake ndipo anali kulimba. Iye anakhala zaka pafupifupi ziwiri. Wantchito Arina madzulo anachereza nkhani yake. moyo wake kopanda ayerera ndi ulendo wa mnansi mwinimunda Praskovya Alexandrovna Osipova, kumene kamodzi mwangozi anakumana Anna Kern, amene pambuyo ndime inapatulidwa kuti "Ine ndikukumbukira mphindi zodabwitsa."

Mu Michael, iye nayenso anayamba kugwira ntchito pa zochitika za m'mbiri "Boris Godunov" imabwera laibulale Svyatogorsk Woyera Dormition ansembe yotchedwa, kulankhula ndi ansembe, kusintha maganizo ake ndi moyo wauzimu. Kuyambira cholembera lake "Eugene Onegin" ndi ndakatulo "Majipise". Choncho akapolowo anapita zaka Pushkin.

Ukwati ndi Natalia Goncharova

Pushkin, wopalidwa ubwenzi ndi Goncharova, anauzidwa kuti achoke mu Boldin kuthetsa milandu awo cholowa, ndipo iye anali kukhala kumeneko kwa miyezi itatu. Kuthawa maganizo wachisoni amayesetsa ndi ntchito za wotchuka nthano "Mavuto Little", "nkhani ya malemu Ivana Vasilevicha Belkina", popanda zomwe lero Sindingachite lolembedwa ndi wolemba iliyonse ya mbiri ya Pushkin.

Mumve tebulo anaika pansipa, kupeleka chidwi ku mfundo zofunika kuti Moscow mu February 1831 A. S. Pushkin korona Natalie Goncharova. Ukwati naye anali iye moona amapha, napita naye chimwemwe ndi chisoni. Mkazi wake anali wokongola kwambiri kuti ndi akazi akumpanda, komanso olemekezeka apamwamba lolemekezeka openga osati.

The banja la Pushkin nawo ana anayi. Kenako ntchito pa bwalo la Tsar Nicholas I-njonda ya chipinda chogona cha. Koma awa anali udindo wotsikitsitsa otchuka, amene waipitsa ulemu a ndakatulo iyi. Ndalama zokwanira moti banja mangawa anali kukula, ndi zonse izi imafoola Pushkin. Nthawi imeneyi, analemba nkhani lalifupi, "Mfumukazi ya Spades", "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" buku "Dubrovsky" imene kumaliza ndipo analibe nthawi.

Patapita kanthawi iye wasiya, ntchito molimbika yachokera boma ndipo ankafuna kulemba za Pugachev, amalenga "Contemporary" magazini, komwe N. V. Gogol tinkawasindikiza AI Turgenev, VA Zhukovsky, koma zinthu sanatero ladyatsya.

Duel ndi Dantes

Pushkin ndi mkazi wake pang'onopang'ono Opletal zopezera intrigue ndi miseche, monga kulimbikira wamng'ono France Dantes sanalole Ndime ya Natalia Goncharova. Ndiye Pushkin kutetezera ulemu mkazi wake ndi banja lake, anali chabe amakakamizidwa duel Dantes podwala unachitikira January 27, 1837. Izi A. duel S. Pushkin n'kufa. Patapita masiku awiri mu St. Petersburg, iye anamwalira ndi zopweteka chowawa ndi matenda a magazi, maminiti ochepa kuti aphedwe pa mgonero wa wansembe Orthodox.

February 6 1937, anaikidwa mu manda a Woyera Dormition ansembe yotchedwa, limene lili 5 Km from munda banja la ndakatulo iyi, mudzi wa dera Mikhailovskoye Pskov.

Apa ndi iye - wokongola, owala, koma kakafupi - mbiri ya moyo ndi Pushkin, akulu Russian ndakatulo. Tsopano m'nthawi zitha chisoni kuti mwansanga ndi chisoni inatha moyo wake.

Mwachidule kuchuluka tebulo la moyo Pushkin a

Moyo A. S. Pushkina anali inakutidwa yowala ndipo zimalimbikitsa. Koma si monga osangalala tikufuna. Izi tebulo kuchuluka Pushkin lili mbali yaing'ono ya zochitika zomwe anali kupirira ndakatulo kwambiri.