Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev: yonena, zithunzi ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Daniil Leonidovich Andreev - Russian ndakatulo, wolemba, katswiri wa nzeru ndi lachinsinsi. Mwana wa wolemba wotchuka Leonid Andreyev. Popularity anali kukuchitika chifukwa mabuku lachinsinsi "Rose wa World". Today ife kuyang'ana yonena za munthu uyu chidwi.

ubwana

Andreev Daniil Leonidovich wachiwiri mwana wa Leonid Nikolaevich (wotchuka wolemba) ndi Aleksandry Mihaylovny Andreevyh. N'zochititsa chidwi kudziwa kuti mayi wa wolemba m'tsogolo lalikulu-mphwanga Tarasa Grigorevicha Shevchenko. Daniel A. anabadwa pa November 2, 1906 mu Berlin. Masiku owerengeka chabe atangobadwa Alexander M. anafa malungo puerperal. Atate, imfa kudabwa mkazi wake, mlandu akhanda onse, chifukwa agogo (mayi wa Alexandra Mikhailovna) Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna anaganiza Danieli Moscow. Kumeneko, iye agwa mu banja la azakhali ake, Elizabeth Mikhailovna Dobrova, amene mwamuna wake anali dokotala wotchuka.

Monga mwana, Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev ambiri odwala. Kangapo anali kupingasa tsitsi ku imfa basi. Mu zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, mnyamata anadwala ndi diphtheria, ndipo wakulowererani agogo anu okondedwa. Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna sanathenso amamenyana ndi matenda m'thupi, ndipo adamwalira. Posachedwapa dziko pafupi St. Petersburg mnyamata ankati adzawonongedwa, amayi ake ndi agogo ake. Mwamwayi, pa mphindi yotsiriza iye anaima pa mlatho wa pamtsinje wa m'deralo.

Zochokera chakuti mwana zonse kudwala, ndipo ngakhale kudzipha, zikuoneka kuti iye nyumba ya azakhali palibe amene anachita. Ndipotu, zonse zinali zosiyana. azakhali anga ndi mwamuna wake anatengera Daniel ngati mwana, anamuzungulira ndi kusamaliridwa. Masiku amenewo, Dobrov nyumba anali mmodzi wa chikhalidwe (nyimbo ndi mabuku) malo mu Moscow. Apa panabwera I. A. Bunin, A. N. Skryabin, V. I. Shalyapin ndi ena ambiri. Ulamuliro wa banja limasonyeza osachepera chakuti Danieli anali godfather wa limakhulupirira Gorky. M'mlengalenga kunyumba kutero mnyamata ndipo analimbikitsa chikondi chake mabuku.

Mu 1915, naini chaka Danieli analemba ndakatulo yake yoyamba "The Garden". Mu chaka chomwecho anabwera kuyatsa nkhani yake yoyamba, choyamba "Tizilombo Ulendo" kenako "Moyo nyama chigumula." Komanso, mwana wokhala katswiri analemba epic wamkulu, amene kanthu akufotokozera m'kulota kwa iwo panokha interplanetary danga. Pa makoma za mnyamata wake chipinda anasolola zithunzi za olamulira anatulukira mafumu awo. miyeso awo ziri zogwirizana ndi miyeso ya mwanayo.

Ndi kuwazindikiritsa

Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1917 ndi wolemba aspiring analowa zolimbitsa thupi E. A. Repman, kumene anaphunzitsidwa mpaka 1923. Chaka chotsatira iye analowa Institute zolembalemba dzina la Brusov. Pa nthawi yomweyo Andreev anayamba ntchito pa chidutswa cha "Ochimwa". Mu 1926 analowa Union of olemba ndakatulo, chimene chinafika mpaka 1929.

Mu August 1921, Danieli 15 wazaka, kuyenda mabwalo ozungulira Khristu Mpulumutsi Cathedral, boma la Russia anaona kumwamba tsopano. Iye analemba za izi mu Chapter 1, buku 2 mu mndandanda "Rose wa World". Mwambo lotsatira kuti izi zinachitika mu 1928 pamene Isitala. Kukhala Mpingo wa Kupemphera mu Levshinov, wolemba, ndakatulo, ndipo tsopano lachinsinsi anaona mbiri ya dziko lapansi monga limodzi lachinsinsi mtsinje.

ukwati

M'chaka mochedwa 1926 wolemba wamng'ono Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev anakwatira Gublor Alexander, amene anaphunzitsa pa maphunziro apamwamba State mabuku. Ukwatiwo unachitika pa Akukwera chigwa, mu mpingo wa kuuka kwa akufa. Mu February chaka chamawa banja mwalamulo linatha, ndipo Andreev anasiya kupita maphunziro zolembalemba.

Mu 1928, wolemba lofalitsidwa ndakatulo "Red Moscow", wapitiriza ntchito pa buku "Ochimwa" ndi kuyamba kulemba "mphanga" mkombero. chirimwe ichi iye anakhala Tarusa.

zaka prewar

Mu 40s Mu zaka zapitazo Andreev ntchito wojambula mtundu mlengi analemba malonda ndi zolemba zina. Komabe nthawi zambiri anapereka mabuku. Mu 1930, wolemba anayamba kulenga ndakatulo "yachisanu". M'chaka cha 1931 Andreev anakumana ndi M. A. Voloshinym. Posakhalitsa, ndicho July 29, pa gombe la Nerusso Daniil Leonidovich kuona iye anafotokoza monga yojambula chikugwirabe dziko.

Mu nthawi ya February-March 1932 chinkhoswe wolemba mabuku kusintha, kenako anakhazikika pansi monga mutu wa sotsbytsektoru nyuzipepala pa imodzi mwa mafakitale Moscow. M'chaka cha 1932 anabadwa mndandanda wa ndakatulo "ndakatulo Diary." N'zochititsa chidwi kuti basi chaka, mlembi wa chopereka anawonongedwa. Mu 1933 Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev anayamba kulemba nkhani "The contours ya chiphunzitso provisional" zimene zinakhala yosatha ndi vuto la "m'tsinde". M'dzinja 1934, iye anapita Koktebel wolemba ndakatulo analemba ndakatulo "Manda Voloshin."

Mu 1935, wolemba anabwera kwa Moscow mzinda komiti aluso la zojambulajambula. Mu September oyambirira chaka chomwecho iye anabadwa "payekha" ndakatulo lotchedwa "Nyimbo ya Mansalvate", amene adzakhala kwathunthu yosatha zaka zitatu. Mu 1937, E. P. Peshkova analimbikitsa Andreev ndikaonekere kwa Stalin ndi pempho kuthandiza ku ukapolo wa m'bale wake, V. L. Andreeva. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha chaka chomwecho wolemba anayamba kulemba buku za luntha wauzimu angadziwe mu masiku amenewo, "Alendo Night" imene pathupi ngati "Saga la mzimu" pa nkhani ya chi. Ndi zochitika pafupi iye anapita yekha mu 1947.

ukwati yachiwiri

M'chaka cha 1937 Andreev anakumana ndi aloyi Ivashevoy-Musatov, amene zaka 8 Patapita anadzakhala mkazi wake wachiwiri. Kenako, Alla udzatsutsidwa pamodzi ndi mwamuna wake, anamasulidwa chaka chapitacho kuposa. mkazi wake wachiwiri anali wolemba thandizo zaka nkhondo, zaka m'ndende ndi zaka zovuta pambuyo. Chakhala nawo cholowa ndipo anathandizapo buku la ntchito yake yaikulu mu mzaka zana makumi awiri mochedwa. Kenako, anagwira ntchito kwa zaka 15 anali mkazi wa Evgeniya Belousova, mwana wa wotchuka wolemba I. A. Belousova.

nkhondo

M'chaka cha 1941 anamwalira F. A. Dobrov, Daniil Leonidovich amakhulupirira bamboyo. Mu zaka zoyambilira za Wachiwiri World nkhondo Andreev anagwira ndakatulo "Amber" ndi "Germany" (ndi siinamalizidwe), ndipo anamaliza mkombero wa ndakatulo "mphanga." Mu July 1942, anafa E. M. Dobrova, amene anali ngati mayi Andreev.

Mu kugwa kwa 1942, mlembi anali usilikali. Mu January 1943, izo tithe 196 TH oyenda Division analowa anazinga Stalingrad. Kutsogolo, Andreev anali mlengi likutipatsa, ndi medic ndipo anali mu timu maliro. Pakuti utumiki wabwino wolemba kupereka n'kulandira mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Leningrad". June 25, 1945 TH Andreeva anazindikira olumala WWII 2 gulu.

Nkhondo itatha, wolemba ndakatulo anabwerera ku Moscow ndipo ali mlengi likutipatsa mu Museum wa zoulutsa. November 4, 1945, iye yokhala m'banja A. A. Ivashevoy-Musatov.

kumangidwa

Kumayambiriro 1947, wolemba anamaliza buku "Night Wanderers" ndipo anayamba kuganizira gawo lachiwiri la trilogy akufuna, amene adzaitanidwa "Akumwamba Kremlin" ndi ophatikizidwa zinachitikira frontline la wolemba.

April 21, 1947 chifukwa cha mkwiyo, ndi buku "Night Wanderers" Andreeva amaletsanso Article 58. Mlandu wa mabodza odana Soviet ndi cholinga zigawenga Daniil Leonidovich nazo zaka 25 m'ndende, umene panthawi imeneyo unali chilango wamkulu pa USSR. Kuwonjezera wolemba anadwala kumangidwa ndiponso achibale ake. achibale 19 abwenzi Andreeva anagamulidwa kuti akhale m'ndende kwa mawu kwa zaka 10 mpaka 25 ku misasa yozunzira. Onse Daniel Leonidovich Andreev, Zalembedwa pamaso mapeto a MGB anawonongedwa.

Mu November 1948, Daniel Akhmetov anapita ku ndende Lefortovo mu Vladimir (yemweyo "Vladimir chapakati"). Ngakhale pomaliza, Andreev anapitiriza kuchita mwakhama kulemba ntchito zolembalemba. Mu 1950, iye anamaliza ndakatulo "Nemerecha", omwe anali atayamba mu 37 a. ndakatulo "City Tsiku Symphony" linalembedwa mu December, 1950. Kumapeto kwa mwezi womwewo, ndi kusiyana kwa tsiku limodzi, Andreev anayamba ntchito "Iron chinsinsi" ndi "Rose a dziko."

Mu 1951, wolemba ntchito pa "Morning oratorio" ndi "Imfa ya Ivan kwambiri." Chaka chotsatira, anayamba ntchito pa buku loyamba la buku la "milungu Russian" ndipo analemba ndakatulo wotchedwa "Ruh". Mu 1953, buku anali appended kwa buku la "The zatsopano Plutarch," amene Andreev analemba pamodzi ndi cellmates wake, Parin physiologist ndi L. khansa wolemba mbiri yakale. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1953, Musanayambe selo ina, wolemba Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev anakumana zokumana lachinsinsi, amene, monga Iye angati anene kenako, anali kuposa ukulu wake.

Mu November 1954, Andreev analemba m'dzina la G. M. Malenkova - wapampando wa Bungwe USSR wa nduna, mawu amene kamodzinso anakana kuvomereza chopanda malire a dongosolo Soviet, polingalira "kusowa kwa ufulu weniweni demokalase." Kumapeto kwa chaka chimenecho, Andreev anali ndi vuto la mtima. Mu 1955 anagwira ndakatulo "The Chiwanda kubwezera" ndi "Navna". February 8, 1956 msuweni wotchedwa Dmitry Leonidovich - A. F. Kovalenskaya - anamwalira mu chipatala msasa. Mu May chaka chomwecho wolemba anamaliza mankhwala kwa "chinsinsi Phunzitsani." Ndipo pa 10 August 1956, mkazi wake anali kutulutsidwa m'ndendeyo. A masabata angapo atamasulidwa ake Commission ya Presidium za Supreme Soviet la USSR inaika lamulo malinga ndi zomwe Article 58 wakhala amagwa zaka 10 m'ndende chilango.

August 24, 1956, kwa nthawi yoyamba anamangidwa, wolemba ndakatulo Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev kuona mkazi wake m'ndende Vladimir. April 23 chaka chotsatira iye anali m'ndende. June 21, 1957 mirandu woyamba ndi Andreev anali anathetsa kwathunthu, ndipo pa July 11, iye anali asintha khalidwe lawo.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

M'chaka cha 1957 amasamala chibayo Daniel Andreev kwa nthawi yoyamba patadutsa zaka zoposa 40 olekanitsa, anakumana ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu Vadim. Kuyambira November 57th Andreev ndi mkazi wake ankakhala mu Moscow. Pa nthawi yomweyo kubwezeretsedwa udindo wake monga munthu wolumala a gulu lachiwiri, yokhudza penshioni kuchuluka kwa 347 rubles. November 30, 1957 anamwalira msuweni wolemba, A. F. Dobrov. Kumapeto kwa 57th, pamodzi ndi Z. Rahim Andreev ntchito pa kusandulika kwa Japanese Fumiko Hayashi nkhani m'gulu m'buku "Six nkhani."

February 12, 1958 TH Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev anatumiza Committee ku Central kalata yopempha kuti ayanjane ndi ndakatulo zake. Malinga ndi wolemba, kuti moyo, kuti asadziwe ntchito yake kwa anthu, ndi chabe kosati kwa iye. Pa February 26 iye anaitana Komiti ya Central. Kukambirana ndi akuluakulu a boma anapereka wolemba chiyembekezo chakuti m'tsogolo ntchito yake akhoza lofalitsidwa. Komanso, mu nthawi yochepa ngakhale analandira kuchokera Writers 'Union chithandizo.

M'chaka cha 1958, Andreev pasukulu kuchipatala ndi exacerbation wa angina ndi atherosclerosis. June 4, iye anakwatiwa ndi mkazi wake aloyi Andreevoy mu kachisi Rizopolozhensky. Atakwatirana, makolowo anapita pa ulendo pa bwato ku Moscow kuti Ufa ndi kumbuyo. Mu July oyambirira chaka chomwecho anafika pafupi kulemba buku la lonena "Rose wa World" leveni. Pofika m'ma yophukira lonena zonse anali appended. Ndiye wolemba wamaliza ntchito pa mndandanda wa ndakatulo, "Nthano ya Yarosvete" ndi ndakatulo "Cholakwika Mbali Dziko".

Usiku wa pa 18 October 19, 1958 Andreev analemba ndakatulo imene inkatchedwa "Kamodzi pa nthawi yaikulu oyambirira a moyo ...." Mmenemo ndakatulo anapemphera chipulumutso cha mipukutu wake. Mwezi wotsatira, mkombero wa ndakatulo ya Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev linapangidwa amatchedwa "Woyera Russia mizimu." November 14, atabwerera ku Hot Ofunika, wolemba kachiwiri anavomereza kuchipatala.

Kumapeto kwa January 1959 A. A. Andreevoy anapereka chilolezo kwa chipinda nyumba limodzi pa Leninsky Prospekt. Apa Andreev, adzazunzidwa ndi kuukira zonse mtima, anakhala masabata asanu otsiriza a moyo wake.

March 30, 1959 Daniel Leonidovich anafa. April 3, Archpriest Nikolai Golubtsov wolemba kuwerenga utumiki kuikidwa mu mpingo pa mafunsidwe a Robe ya Don. Andreev anaikidwa pa Novodevichy manda pafupi ndi manda a mayi wake.

cholowa

Pamene moyo wa ndakatulo iyi, novelist, lachinsinsi ndi nzeru zapamwamba Daniel Leonidovich Andreev, amene zithunzi Mwachitsanzo profundity lake lalikulu, palibe ntchito luso la wolemba ndi sichinayambe lofalitsidwa. Kupatulapo mwina kuti bukuli "Ogwira phiri ofufuza a ku Central Asia" mu mgwirizano ndi S. N. Matveevym.

Iye anafa pa zaka 52, Daniil Leonidovich anali kwambiri kunena ndi kuchita. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chimene iye ankafuna, koma sanatero - kumanga sukulu ana amphatso ndi ethically kukumana anga owerenga. zaka zoposa zitatu pambuyo pa imfa yake, mkazi wake anabisidwa zolembedwa poopa kuti pa nthawi ina iwo akanakhoza kachiwiri lidzawonongedwa. The ntchito yaikulu ya Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev - "Rose wa World" linasindikizidwa yekha mu 1991, pafupifupi pamaso kugwa kwa ulamuliro wa Soviet Union. Kotero apa ndi zodabwitsa otukuka Wambiri Daniil Andreev. Mu moyo wolembayo anali ndi mavuto ambiri, ndipo maganizo kukhumudwa, masomphenya chodabwitsa ndi manyazi wosalabadira. Koma ngakhale izi, iye nthawi zonse ankakhala mu lingaliro langa.

chikumbukiro

Mu 2003, bungwe la mkazi wa Daniel Akhmetov Alla Alexandrovna Alexey Kurbatov analemba nyimbo ndakatulo Andreeva "Leningrad Chivumbulutso". Mu kugwa kwa 2014 Chuhraev kuthetsa ili mu dera Bryansk, m'nyumbayi Andreeva Daniila Leonidovicha linatsegulidwa, amene yonena takambiranazi.