Tarquin onyada: magwero ndi zithunzi

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus anali wachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi mfumu yomaliza ya ku Roma. ulamuliro wake umayambira 534 ndi zaka 509 BC. Mapeto ulamuliro Tarquin kuika kugalukira otchuka zomwe zinachititsa kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa Republic. magwero namakuuzani zochitika za nyengo imeneyo, mfundo zapiringizana ndi nthano. Tarquinius Superbus akuti ndi mwana wa mfumu wachisanu wa Rome Tarquinius Priska. Iye ali kumpando wachifumu ndi kupha Sitefano kuloŵedwa m'malo ake. Ulamuliro wa Lucius Tarquinius anafotokoza monga nkhanza, n'chifukwa chiyembekezo chakuti mafumu a.

wamagazi chiwembu

Atamwalira Tarquinius Priska anayamba kulamulira, mwamuna mmodzi wa ana ake aakazi, Servius Tullius. Pofuna kupewa amanena kuti mpando wachifumu ndi mwana wa mfumu yapita, iye anayesera kubweretsa kwa iye. Servius Tullius anapereka mwana wake woyamba m'banja wolowa ufumu wa Lucius, Jr. - m'bale wake Arun. Komabe, pofuna izi kulenga zikulumikizana magazi kwachititsa mavuto aakulu. Kutchuka, wofuna wamng'ono wamkazi dzina lake Tullia ankaona kuti Arun kwambiri wokayikakayika ndipo amayamba nkhondo tsogolo ufumu. Pakati pa iye ndi Lucius chiwembu. Iwo anapha akazi awo ndi anakwatira wina ndi mnzake popanda chifuniro cha mfumu.

Alandira mphamvu

Tullius, kusakhutira ndi mfundo yakuti bambo ulamuliro motalika anakopa Lucius napasula iye ndi kulanda mphamvu. Patricians ndi senators ankatsutsa mfumu. Pofuna tipezekemo thandizo la olemekezeka, Lucius kuwapatsa mphatso za mtengo wapatali ndipo anachita zinthu Kutsutsa ulamuliro wa Servius Tullius. Kuyembekezera nthawi yoyenera, adadza ku nyumba ya Senate ndi gulu la mbali zida, iye wakukhala pa mpando wachifumu wake napereka kulankhula. Lucius ananena kuti Servius Tullius mozemba ali wachifumu. Komanso ananena kuti bambo ake kunyalanyaza zinthu za apamwamba a anthu. Pamene Servius Tullius anafika Senate ndi cholinga kutulutsa wonamizira, Lucius waponya iye ndi mwala masitepe. Pa msewu anapha mfumu Tarquinius mbali. Tullia anathamangira kwa Senate, woyamba kupereka ulemu kwa mwamuna wake monga mfumu ndipo msewu zinasuntha galeta akufa thupi lake Servius Tullius. Msewu limene pali upandu, ankatchedwa "zigawenga".

bolodi

Tarquinius Superbus anayamba ulamuliro wake ndi kulephera mwaulemu kukaika Servius Tullius. Kenako, mfumu yatsopano analamula angapo a senators amene amaganiziridwa wokhulupirika kwa kuloŵedwa m'malo ake. Mosiyana ndi miyambo, Tarquin yekha amalowerera chilango cha imfa, popanda kuganizira za aphungu a. Izi wafunsira mantha anthu ambiri. Palibe amadzinenera zimakana mfumu.

Tarquinius Superbus, osati chepetse chiwerengero cha Senate ndi kupondereza ndi Kuphedwa, koma sadaleka lachiweruzo kukambirana amchigulu. Iye ananyenga patricians osati anakwaniritsa lonjezo lake kubwerera kwa iwo mwayi atengedwa ndi Servius Tullius. The plebeians analinso kuwawa ndi bungwe la mfumu yatsopano. Iye msonkho iwo zakukula kulikonse ndi kubwezeretsa zogulitsa ku ukapolo ngongole. Lucius Tarquinius atazunguliridwa yekha lictors (omulondera, kuchita ntchito za alonda, ngati n'koyenera). azondi ambiri anadzudzula mfumu ya osagwirizana anthu ake. Amaganiziridwa kusadalirika anaphedwa kapena kutulutsa katundu wawo uziyenda. Patricia, amene poyamba anawerengera adzabwerenso mwayi ndinazindikira amene izi Tarquin onyada. Mu Roma, analamulira ngati wankhanza Greek, atagwira mphamvu mwa asilikaliwo detachment okhulupirika.

mfundo yachilendo

Tarquinius Superbus ntchito njira wankhanza, koma mphamvu ya boma mu ulamuliro wake anafika pamwamba kuposa kale lonse. Pali wakhala chilimbikitso cha mphamvu ya Rome pa mizinda Latin mwa kuwononga opandukawo ndi mabanja ndale chipangizo. Tarquin anapereka mwana wake mu ukwati wina wa olamulira amphamvu m'dera lino. Ndi wachibale latsopano la mfumu nakopa Latins kuzindikira ulamuliro wa Rome.

Tarquin wapanga maulendo ndi kampeni aukali dziko la ufulu Volscians. Iye anakwanitsa kugonjetsa ena a m'mizinda yawo. Pa gawo wotanganidwa mfumu Tarquinius Superbus anayambitsa madera awiri: Signe ndi Circe. nkhondo Ichi chinali chiyambi cha nkhondo pakati pa anthu a Volscians ndi Rome, umene unatha pafupi zaka mazana aŵiri.

yomanga

Mbali yofunika ya yonena za Tarquinius Superbus ndi zopereka zake kwambiri kusintha kwa City Wamuyaya. Adafuna kupanga Rome likulu woyenera Ufumu wake, ndipo sanadandaule zikutanthauza. Lucius Tarquinius anabweretsa lisanathe pomanga Kachisi wa Jupiter, wayamba bambo ake zambiri. Iye anamanga dongosolo zimbudzi, wopangidwa mwa zopezera bere mobisa. Komabe, ngakhale pamaso pa ulimi lalikulu lankhondo, ndalama kukhazikitsa ntchito zikuluzikulu sikokwanira. Mfumu anakankha plebeians ntchito zomangamanga kapena kulipira misonkho yapadera ndalama izo.

Mbiri ya Lucretia

Mu 509 BC Tarquinius Superbus bungwe nkhondo ndi anthu Rutul. Iye ankaganiza kuti analanda m'mayiko awo olemera ndi chifukwa ichi kudzaza chuma chake. Aroma analephera likulu ndi mphepo yamkuntho Rutul Ardeyu. Mfumu anaganiza anagona mzindawo likhale capitulate zokometsera. Komabe Rutuls amakana atakana kupereka, ndipo atasemphana anachedwa.

Malinga ndi nthano, nthawi imene ili aukali mmodzi wa ana a Tarquinius dzina lake Kodi Sextus, anasiya msasa wa asilikali achiroma, adadza ku nyumba ya msuwani wake, ndipo mkazi wake wagwiriridwa Lucretia amene adadziwika kwa ubwino wake yapadera. Iye sakanakhoza kupirira manyazi ndi kudzipha. Achibale analumbira pa mtembo wa Lucretia kutulutsa mfumu ndi banja lake ku Rome.

Kulandidwa

Nkhanza, kuphedwa kwa senators ndi misonkho olemetsa wafunsira kusakhutira ulamuliro wa Tarquinius mwa magulu onse a anthu. Ndipo patricians ndi plebeians zinapatsira ndi mkwiyo, achibale a Lucretia unabweretsa thupi lake kwa Rome ndipo anamuuza za Tchimo ndi mwana wa mfumu Kodi Sextus. Iwo akambirane pa msonkhano mayiko, amene anaganiza kumana Tarquinius boma ndi kutulutsa iye. Mkazi wa mfumu Tullius msangamsanga anathawa mumzindamo kuti tithawe mkwiyo anthu. Nzika za Rome anaganiza kukhazikitsa Republican boma ndi kusankha nthumwi ziwiri, amene adzanena nawo mphamvu.

Ukapolo ndi imfa

Atamva kugalukira ndi asilikali kumanzere Tarquinius msasa atazungulira Ardeyu. Mfumu anayesa kuti abwererane Rome, koma anthu sanalole wolamulira wankhanza kuchotsedwa mu mzinda. Anakakamizika kupita ku ukapolo pamodzi ndi ana ake. A okwana Tarquinius Superbus kulamulira Rome zaka 26. Pambuyo chiwonongeko wake wa Mafumu linathetsedwa ndi dziko wodzilamula, yomwe inatenga zaka zingapo. Mfumu nawo anamwalira mu ukapolo mu mzinda Greek wa Cumae.