Mphamvu kung'anima kukumbukira uthenga

Kuchuluka kwa mfundo zothandiza kuti tikhoza kusunga mu mawonekedwe a pakompyuta, malingana ndi mphamvu chipangizo chinachake. kwambiri kwa mfundo imeneyi ndi kukumbukira kung'anima. Features chipangizo kuti ntchito, zafala buku yaikulu ndi yaing'ono thupi kukula kwa atolankhani.

kung'anima pamtima chiyani?

Kotero ife timachitcha ngati michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi luso kukumbukira electrically reprogrammable. Otchedwa circuitry kotheratu kwa mfundo njira zamakono view, chosankha yomanga yosungirako okhazikika.

Tsiku ndi tsiku mawu akuti "kung'anima kukumbukira" amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena kuti kalasi yotakata zipangizo olimba boma kusunga, pogwiritsa ntchito luso chomwecho. Ubwino zofunika kwambiri zomwe zinachititsa kuti ntchito zawo ambiri, ndi:

1. Compactness.
2. Cheapness.
3. Mawotchi mphamvu.
4. Large buku.
5. Liwiro.
6. Low mowa mphamvu.

Chifukwa cha ichi lonse kung'anima kukumbukira angapezeke ambiri kunyamula zipangizo digito, komanso chiwerengero cha ofalitsa. Mwatsoka, pali zovuta monga nthawi okha ntchito luso nthandala ndi kudziwa kukha electrostatic. Koma kodi mphamvu kung'anima kukumbukira? Chodziwikiratu kuti athe ndikulingalira, koma yesani. Mphamvu pazipita kukumbukira kung'anima angafikire zamitundu lingamutsatire: kotero, ngakhale kukula kwake yaing'ono, yosungirako TV 128 GB zilipo zogulitsa tsopano anthu ochepa adzatha kudabwa. Osati patali nthawi imene 1 TB adzakhala pang'ono chidwi.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Zofunika ankaona zipangizo okhazikika yosungirako amene achotsa kudzera kuwala ndi magetsi. Iwo analinso ndi transistor zosiyanasiyana kuti linali ndi chipata akuyandama. Only pano ma elekitironi m'menemo Engineering zagwiridwa ndi kupanga lalikulu magetsi kumunda mwamphamvu kwa dielectric woonda. Koma izi Kulumikizana m'dera zikuchepa kuchuluka akuimira mu zigawo zikuluzikulu masanjidwewo, pamene kunali koyenera kukhazikitsa osiyanitsidwa munda mphamvu.

Zinali zovuta kuti akatswiri vuto la kachulukidwe ndi erasing madera. Mu 1984, izo bwinobwino anathana, koma chifukwa cha kufanana kwa njira kung'anima luso latsopano lotchedwa "kung'anima" (m'Chingerezi - "kung'anima").

Mfundo ntchito

Bukuli lili ndi kulembetsa ndi kusintha mlandu magetsi amene ali kudera lakutali la eg michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. njira izi zimachitika pakati magwero ndi chipata cha mphamvu zazikulu munda voteji magetsi mu dielectric woonda aikidwa kuti uyu anali moti n'kuchititsa mmene mumphangayo pakati pa thumba ndi transistor njira. Kuti kulimbikitsa izo, ntchito mathamangitsidwe pang'ono ma elekitironi, kenako jekeseni wa onyamula otentha amapezeka. Kuwerenga nkhani amagwira ntchito m'munda zotsatira transistor. M'thumba amachita chipata ntchito. umatha kusintha kuloŵa makhalidwe transistor amene ali ndi kuwerenga madera. Kamangidwe zinthu zina zimene n'zotheka kukhazikitsa ntchito ndi khamu lalikulu la maselo amenewa. Chifukwa cha kukula yaing'ono mbali mphamvu kung'anima kukumbukira ndipo chidwi.

NOR- ndi NAND-zipangizo

Iwo kusiyana ndi njira, ndilo maziko a kugwirizana selo mu dongosolo lomenyera limodzi, komanso kuwerenga ndi kulemba ma aligorivimu. Kapena kamangidwe zachokera tingachipeze powerenga masanjidwewo ziwiri ooneka enieni a akuwauza, mmene pa mphambano za mzati ndi mzere ali selo limodzi lokha. Mosalekeza wochititsa mizere olumikizidwa kwa kuda wa transistor, ndi chipata chachiwiri agwirizane mizati. Gwero olumikizidwa kwa gawo lapansi, amene ali wamba onse. Izi zikhale zosavuta kuwerenga udindo wa transistors yeniyeni, kupereka mphamvu zabwino mzere umodzi ndi ndime imodzi.

Kuimira chiyani za NAND, tiyerekeze khamu atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena. Mu maziko ake - onse masanjidwewo chomwecho. Koma kuposa transistor ili pa chilichonse mphambano, ndipo anapereka kwa ndime lonse, chomwe maselo angapo-olumikizidwa. Mapulani ali kwambiri madera chipata yekha mphambano wina. Pamene angadwale kwambiri (ndi ntchito iyi) kachulukidwe zigawo zikuluzikulu. The downside ndi zambiri zosavuta kujambula aligorivimu kulumikiza ndi kuwerenga selo. Pakuti kapena phindu liwiro, ndi kusowa - deta pazipita mphamvu kung'anima kukumbukira. Pakuti NAND kukula - kuphatikiza ndi opanda - liwiro.

SLC- ndi MLC-zipangizo

Pali zipangizo zimene angathe kusunga Akamva chimodzi kapena zingapo zambiri. Mu mtundu woyamba akhale m'njira ziwiri zokha za yoyandama woyang'anira pachipata. maselo amenewa amatchedwa munthu-bit. Mu zina zingapo. selo Mipikisano pang'ono kawirikawiri amatchedwanso multilevel. Iwo ali, mwachirendo zokwanira amasiyana cheapness ndi buku (m'njira zabwino), ngakhale kuti akuchedwa kuyankha ndi kunyamula ochepa rewrites.

kukumbukira zomvetsera

Monga MLC nalo lingaliro kulemba ndi analogi chizindikiro mu selo. Ntchito zotsatira zopezera tchipisi analandira kuti tikugwira ochepa zidutswa kubwezeretsa oganiza wotchipa mankhwala (zidole Mwachitsanzo, makadi phokoso ndi zinthu zofanana).

zofooka zamakono

kujambula ndi kuwerenga njira amasiyana mowa mphamvu. Motero, kwa mtundu woyamba ndi voteji mkulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo pamene kuwerenga mtengo wa mphamvu ndi yaing'ono.

marekodi gwero

Pamene n'kusintha anasonkhanitsa mlandu sizingasinthe kusintha mu dongosolo. Choncho n'zotheka chiwerengero cha zolemba kwa khungu ndi zochepa. Malinga kukumbukira ndi ndondomeko chipangizo kupulumuka masauzande m'zinthu (ngakhale pali ena oimira kuti ndi samachititsa mpaka 1000).

Zipangizo Mipikisano pang'ono amayenda moyo utumiki ndi otsika kwambiri poyerekeza mtundu wina wa bungwe. Koma chifukwa pali kwambiri chida kudzitsitsa? chakuti simungathe payekha kulamulira mlandu, amene ali kuchipata akuyandama mukachipinda. Pambuyo kujambula ndi erasing zichitidwa zosiyanasiyana za onse. ulamuliro Quality ikuchitika mtengo wofanana ndi mtengo pafupifupi kapena foni pakuyenerera. M'kupita kwa nthawi, pali mismatch, ndi mtengo akhoza kupitirira malire a chovomerezeka, ndiye mudziwe amakhala unreadable. Komanso, zinthu kokha aziwonjezereka.

Chifukwa china ndi interdiffusion m'madera conductive ndi chimateteza mu eg michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. Choncho uka kusokonezeka nthawi magetsi, imbaenda ku blurring ya malire, ndi khadi kung'anima kukumbukira kunja kwa dongosolo.

Data posungira

Popeza kutchinjiriza mthumba ungwiro, ndiye pang'onopang'ono mlandu madyaidya ndikuledzera. Kawirikawiri nthawi imene angathe kusunga mfundo - za 10-20 zaka. Specific mmene chilengedwe kwambiri bwanji nthawi yosungirako. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha, Popanga madzi a gamma cheza kapena mkulu-mphamvu particles mwamsanga kuwononga deta onse. Amene ali chito zotsogola kuti akhoza kudzitama kuti iwo ndi lalikulu mudziwe mphamvu kung'anima kukumbukira, ndi zofooka. Iwo ali ndi mwayi wochepa alumali moyo kuposa chipangizo kale anakhazikitsa ndi chilango chimene si bwino anatsekula.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale mavuto kuzindikiridwa kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi, kung'anima kukumbukira luso othandiza kwambiri, moti ambiri. Ndipo ubwino wake ndi kuposa zolakwika chivundikirocho. Choncho, mphamvu zambiri za kung'anima kukumbukira wakhala kwambiri ndi otchuka mu zipangizo kunyumba.