Ndalama ndi chofunikira ake

Chifukwa ndalama mawonekedwe kusintha mtengo (ndalama chofunika, ndi chofunika ndalama), iwo nthawi zonse kugwirizanitsa pakati nkhani atatu, yoyamba ndi anthu achilengedwe, chachiwiri - zachuma mabungwe, komanso chachitatu ndi akuluakulu boma.

Monetary makope - kayendedwe ka ndalama, zimene zikuchitika ndalama kapena cashless mawonekedwe. Chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi ndi kugawira ntchito chikhalidwe ndi mlingo wa chitukuko cha ulimi. Ndi thandizo la ndalama alipo angathe kukhala anasinthanitsa mankhwala kupanga chikhalidwe, komanso makonzedwe a misonkhano ndi kayendedwe ka likulu.

Mfundo ubale chofunika ndalama zochokera chakuti iwo amafuna kuchuluka kwa malisiti ndalama chithandizo.

kufalitsidwa ndalama ali m'mitundu iwiri wa patsogolo:

- Cash. ndalama Izi ntchito potipatsa katundu, ndi kulipira penshoni, malipilo ndi ubwino wina anthu. Izi mtundu wa ndalama makope lichitidwa zagwiridwa ndi thandizo la zolemba, zitsulo ndalama, macheke, makhadi ndi ngongole.

- si ndalama. fomu iyi amakhala ndi kayendedwe ka phindu la kumene ndalama za ali sakuchita nawo. mawerengedwe wapangidwa pa nkhani za mabungwe ngongole.

Ndalama, zochokera malipiro si ndalama, m'magulu awiri. The oyamba nkhawa kupereka katundu wina ndi misonkhano. Koma wachiwiri, tichipeza malipiro anapangidwa kwa bajeti (msonkho), komanso ndalama bajeti, kupereka chidwi kwa ngongole ndi alipire wa ngongole ku banki.

Onani kuti ndalama ndipo sanali chithandizo pa ubale ena, kuli omwe ndi chibadwa. chakuti ndalama amakhala ndi kusintha katundu mtundu wina ndi mzake. Chifukwa chithandizo cha mankhwala oterewa ndi zolowa ndalama boma, ogwirizana ndi ndalama imodzi.

Pali chinthu monga lamulo la kufalitsidwa ndalama, amene anakonza Karl Marks. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti amapereka kuchuluka kwa likulu, umene ndi chofunika kuti ntchito ya ntchito za njira kulankhulana ndi malipiro.

Monetary kufalitsidwa kwa uziyenda bwino pamafunika wina kuchuluka kwa likulu, limene kumatengera zifukwa zingapo monga:

- katundu anagulitsa

- Kuchuluka mtengo wa katundu ndi tariffs.

- Capital mathamangidwe, amene zimakhudza zinthu zonse chuma (chitukuko cha ulimi), ndi kapangidwe ka wotuluka malipiro.

Ndalama kupezeka mwachindunji ndi zikhalidwe za ulimi, ngati gulu la ntchito chikhalidwe cha anthu optimally otukuka, pali buku mkulu wa katundu wogulitsa ndi utumiki. Ngati zokolola ndi mkulu Mtengo wa katundu ndi mitengo adzakhala m'munsi. Komanso, ndalama mwachindunji amadalira zinthu zina, mwachitsanzo:

- Kuchokera voliyumu ya katundu kugulitsana ndi ntchito.

- Kuchokera mitengo ndi tariffs a misinkhu utumiki.

- mlingo wa chitukuko cha malipiro cashless.

- Kuchokera mathamangidwe ndalama, Pakati pali ngongole.

Yodziwika ndi zina ndalama mlingo makope amene anatsimikiza ndi chiwerengero cha kusintha kwa unit ndalama kwa nyengo zina za nthawi. chakuti ndalama yomweyo anapita ku dzanja m'manja ndi ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti katundu wogulitsa ndi potumikira.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene ntchito anali ndalama za golidi, chiwerengero chawo pa msika anakhalabe zokha. Paudindo yang'anira sanatsatire sokrovischnaya ntchito yokonzedwa kukhazikitsa bwino pakati katundu zofunika kasamalidwe ndi mwa kundipatsako ndalama. Pamene pali ndalama zoonjezera, iwo ankachita mu chuma. Ngati iwo ayenera iwo, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa katundu chinawonjezeka, iwo anachotsedwa kumeneko.