Ndi choonadi 4 Chibuda chiyani?

Mozungulira zaka 2500 zapitazo chinali chiyambi cha chimodzi mwa zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri pa zauzimu kudziwika kwa anthu. Indian kalonga Siddhartha Gautama Shakyamuni atapeza udindo, kufufuza choonadi, ndipo anapanga chimodzi mwa zipembedzo yakale kwambiri padziko lonse - Chibuda.

A pang'ono za Buddha

Nthano za moyo woyambirira wa Prince Siddhartha zimadziwika bwino. Iye anakulira mu ulemerero, osadziwa mavuto ndi nkhawa, mpaka tsiku lina ngozi amakakamizidwa kuti iye akumane ndi mavuto yosavuta anthu: matenda, ukalamba ndi imfa. Pa nthawi imeneyi, Siddhartha anazindikira kuti zachiphamaso ndi impermanent ndi zimene anthu amatcha "chimwemwe." Iye anapita kukhala yekhayekha pa ulendo wautali kuti apeze njira kuthetsa anthu ku mavuto.

Information za moyo uno munthu maziko makamaka pa nthano zambiri ndi mfundo zolondola ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Koma otsatira zamakono za chiBuddha ndi zofunika kwambiri zotsatira wauzimu wa Gautama. Asayansi analenga kuti awafotokozele malamulo aliko lapansi, adanenetsa kuti n'zotheka kupeza choonadi. kamba Aika angapezeke mu "Sutra, athamangadi Dharmachakra" - gwero lake, zimene zimasonyeza mwatsatanetsatane zimene ndi choonadi chopezeka Chibuda 4 anapanga Gautam.

Mmodzi wa wakale Indian sutras limanena kuti mbiri ya anthu padziko lapansi zidzakhala za 1,000 Achibuddha (kutanthauza anthu amene wakhala mfumukazi lithandize). Koma Shakyamuni sanali woyamba ndipo anali akalambula atatu. Akukhulupirira kuti Buddha latsopano adzaoneka pa nthawi imene ziphunzitso anapanga munthu yapita, amayamba kutha. Koma iwo ayenera kupanga khumi ntchito yapadera, monga anachitira pa nthawi Gautama.

The zikamera wa chiphunzitso cha mfundo zinayi mfulu

4 Ichi choonadi cha Chibuda anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane "Sutra kuyamba Wheel wa Dharma", limene linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri ndipo tsopano odziwika bwino. Malinga ndi biographies osungidwa kwa Sakyamuni, uthenga woyamba anapereka pambuyo pa milungu 7 pambuyo lithandize anzake-moyo wodzimana. Malinga ndi nthano, anaona Gautama atakhala pansi pa mtengo, atazunguliridwa ndi chowala yowala. Zinali ndiye koyamba analengeza zinthu ziphunzitso omwe mwamwambo anazindikira ngati pulayimale ndi oyambirira ndi zamakono Chibuda - 4 Noble Choonadi ndi Eightfold M'njira.

Choonadi cha Chibuda mwachidule

4 wolemekezeka choonadi Chibuda akhoza mwachidule mwachidule mu mfundozo angapo. moyo wa munthu (kapena kani, ndi unyolo wa incarnations motsatizana, Samsara) akuvutika. Chifukwa cha ichi - mitundu yonse ya zilakolako. Zizichitika anasiya kalekale, ndipo m'malo unakwaniritsa boma wapadera - Nirvana. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, pali njira yeniyeni wotchedwa ndi Eightfold M'njira. Choncho, 4 Chibuda choonadi mwachidule akhoza kuperekedwa monga chiphunzitso cha mavuto, magwero ake ndi njira kuthetsa.

Woyamba wolemekezeka choonadi

Chiganizo choyamba - choonadi cha dukkha. Ndi Chisansikiriti, mawu omwe amasuliridwa kuti "zowawa" "nkhawa," "kusakhutira". Koma akukhulupirira kuti lomwe si bwino, ndipo mawu akuti "dukkha" akutanthauza kuchotsedwa zilakolako ndi zokhumba, amene nthawi zonse chowawa zomverera.

Kuwulula 4 Noble choonadi cha Chibuda, Sakyamuni ananena kuti nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa akudutsa moyo lonse, ndipo uyu ndi boma wamba wa munthu. Kudzera tsoka la wina wa anthu "4 lalikulu mtsinje wa mavuto": pobadwa, pamene matenda ake, ukalamba, pa nthawi ya imfa.

Mu ulaliki wake, ndi Buddha anam'sankha kukhala "mavuto 3 kwambiri." Kuyambitsa woyamba ndi kusintha. Chachiwiri - kuvutika, imathandiza ena. Chachitatu - kaphatikizidwe. Kuyankhula za maganizo "mavuto", tiyenera kutsindika kuti ku mawonedwe a Chibuda kwa iye maganizo onse ndi mtima wa munthu, ngakhale anthu amene amakhulupirira, kwambiri woyenera chifanizo cha chimwemwe.

The Noble Choonadi Chachiwiri

4 choonadi cha Chibuda pa udindo wake wachiwiri kumuuza za dukkha amapezeka. Buddha otchedwa chifukwa cha kuvutika "losakhutiritsidwa chikhumbo", mwa kulankhula kwina, chilakolako. Iwo amapanga anthu kukhala mu vuto la samsara. Ndipo monga amadziwika, linanena bungwe la regenerations dera - waukulu cholinga Chibuda.

Monga ulamuliro, pambuyo popereka chilakolako munthu wina kanthawi kuyendera maganizo mtendere. Koma posakhalitsa pali lamulo latsopano, amene akukhala chifukwa cha nkhawa zonse, ndi zina zotero malonda infinitum. Motero, mavuto ali Gwero limodzi lokha - nthawi zonse akufuna.

Chilakolako kukwaniritsa zofuna ndi zosowa imayendera ndi mfundo zofunika kwambiri pa nzeru za Indian ngati Karma. Ndi mndandanda wa maganizo ndiponso zochita za anthu enieni. Karma - mtundu wa chifukwa cha chilakolako, komanso chifukwa cha zochita watsopano ndi tsogolo. Ndi pa njira iyi ndi zachokera mkombero wa samsara.

4 choonadi cha Chibuda kumvetsa chifukwa cha Karma zoipa. Chifukwa chaichi allocated 5 mtima: kuphatikana, mkwiyo, nsanje, kunyada ndi umbuli. Kuphatikana ndi udani chifukwa cha kusadziwa tanthauzo lenileni la zochitika (ie, molakwika kuzindikira zenizeni) - chifukwa chachikulu kubwerezabwereza wozunzika chifukwa cha rebirths ambiri.

The Third Noble Choonadi

Amadziwika ngati "choonadi cha kutha kwa dukkha" yandikira kwa kumvetsa choonadi. Chibuda, akukhulupirira kuti boma kupitirira mavuto, kwathunthu timasuke ku zilakolako ndi ZOWONJEZERA, mosavuta chikwaniritsidwa. Izo zikhoza kuchitidwa mwa cholinga ozindikira, ndi njira limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mbali yomaliza ya chiphunzitso.

Mfundo achilendo kutanthauzira kwa chachitatu wolemekezeka choonadi kudziwidwa yonena za Buddha. Chimonko agwirizane masana ake nthaŵi zambiri udindo uwu ngati renunciation wathunthu wa onse, ngakhale ndi zilakolako mwamsanga. Iwo anali yimitsira zosoŵa zawo zonse zofunikira chinkhoswe kudzipatsa wozunzikirapo. Komabe, Sakyamuni pa siteji zina anakana ngati "kwambiri" umunthu chachitatu cha choonadi. 4 mwatsatanetsatane kuwulula choonadi cha Chibuda, iye ananena kuti cholinga chachikulu - kukachititsa "njira pakati" osati kupondereza kwathunthu zilakolako zonse.

Lachinayi Noble Choonadi

Kudziwa zimene 4 choonadi cha Chibuda, chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kugonjera kwa Middle Way. Last, malo chachinayi laperekedwa kwa mchitidwe zikubweretsa kutha kwa dukkha. Kuti limasonyeza akamanena za ziphunzitso za Eightfold (kapena Middle) njira, imene Chibuda amamvedwa ngati njira yokhayo kuchotsa mavuto. A chisoni, mkwiyo ndi kukhumudwa n'kogwiritsa kupangidwa ndi mayiko onse a maganizo, koma - kufufuza choonadi.

Kutsatira njira pakati ndi kuwamva monga zibwerere pakati pa zigawo mwakuthupi ndi mwauzimu kuli anthu. Zokondweretsa, amaika kulakalaka ndi ubwenzi chilichonse - muyeso, komanso ndi zosiyana ndi moyo wosasangalala.

Ndipotu ndalama bungwe la Buddha, aliyense ali mwamtheradi. Chief pakati pawo ndi kusinkhasinkha. njira zina umalimbana nkhani ya onse mosachotsera thupi ndi maganizo a anthu mphamvu. Zilipo kwa anthu onse, kaya akhale a makhalidwe awo thupi ndi ozindikira. Ambiri mwa miyambo ndi maulaliki Buddha ndi zoyenera kutukula maluso awa.

lithandize

Chenicheni - cholinga chachikulu cha kukula mwauzimu, amene amazindikira Chibuda. 4 Ichi Choonadi ndi masitepe 8 wa Middle Way - mtundu wa chimango ongolankhula ndi othandiza kukwaniritsa udindo uwu. Akukhulupirira kuti izo ziribe kanthu kochita ndi kupezeka maganizo onse wamba. malemba Chibuda zokwanira za Choonadi zambiri, chinenero cha mafanizo ndi thandizo la mafanizo aumunthu. Koma njira iliyonse kwenikweni kufotokoza izo kudzera mu ziphunzitso alipidwa sizingatheke.

Mu Abuda amakhulupirira choonadi limafanana ndi mawu akuti "Bodhi", lomwe limatanthauza "kudzutsidwa." Akukhulupirira kuti lingathe kupitirira maganizo wamba zenizeni chibadidwe munthu aliyense. Kamodzi kupeza choonadi, sikutheka adzautaya.

Kukana ndi Kutsutsa chiphunzitso

4 choonadi chopezeka Chibuda akuphunzitsa, amagwera masukulu ake onse. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chiwerengero cha mitsinje ya Mahayana (Chisansikiriti "Great wagalimoto." - mmodzi wa mbali ziwiri yaikulu pamodzi ndi Hinayana) chimatsatira "Mtima Sutra". Monga inu mukudziwa, wokanayo mfundo zinayi wolemekezeka wa Chibuda. Mwachidule, izi zikhoza anasonyeza motere: palibe ululu, ndiye ndi zifukwa za kuchotsa ndi njira yochitira izi.

"Mtima Sutra" adzalemekezedwa mu Mahayana Chibuda ngati njira imodzi yaikulu. Imafotokoza za Avalokiteshvara ziphunzitso bothisattvy (T. E. amene anasankha kukhala ŵakusanga kuti athandize zamoyo zonse). "Mtima Sutra" wonse ali odzipereka ndi maganizo ndiyotani pakuchotsa chabe.

Malinga Avalokiteshvara, mfundo zikuluzikulu, monga mfundo zinayi mfulu, kungopereka pofuna kufotokoza zenizeni. Ndipo chiphunzitso cha kuvutika ndi kuligonjetsa - mmodzi yekha wa iwo. "Mtima Sutra" anaitana kumvetsa ndi kuvomereza zinthu monga iwo kwenikweni. bothisattva oona kuzindikira zenizeni molakwika Choncho, Yesu sanakhulupirire choonadi cha lingaliro la mavuto.

Akatswiri ena zamakono nzeru Eastern, 4 choonadi cha Chibuda - ndi mochedwa "zowonjezera" mu Baibulo lakale la yonena za Siddhartha Gautama. Mu mfundo za iwo zochokera makamaka pa zotsatira za kafukufuku malemba ambiri akale. Pali lomwe osati chiphunzitso cha choonadi wolemekezeka, koma mfundo zina zingapo pachikhalidwe kugwirizana ndi Shakyamuni, sakuchita za moyo wake ndi otsatira ake anali atangotha patapita zaka.