Mbiri ya Orthodox. Chiyambi cha mabishopu ku Russia

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya Orthodoxy anali oyamba a mabishopu ku Russia. Kukula ndi mphamvu ya mpingo Russian mu dziko la a khristu bwino kwambiri pakukhala kwa cha m'ma XVI. Nthaka analenga Ferrara-Florence mgwirizano, amene anamaliza mu XV m'ma Byzantine mpingo ndi Vatican, kenako Russian matauni anamukwiyira paokha osankhidwa hierarch chake choyamba. Komanso, mu 1453, mabishopu a Constantinople anali mukudalira wathunthu pa sultans Turkey. Mu ichi kunali kosatheka kuti asaone lalikulu motsogoleredwa Mulungu: Russia anakhala yekha palokha boma Orthodox.

Mbiri ya oyamba mabishopu mu Russia

Ganizo wa zikamera wa Moscow Orthodox chimakhudzana kwambiri zogwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa autocephaly wa Mpingo Russian. Pambuyo Moscow archdiocese analandira udindo popanda kudalira Agiriki, lonse Orthodox dziko anaona kufunika yapadera ya ROC monga amphamvu kwambiri ndiponso ochuluka.

Izo zinachitika osati apeze umboni wa zinthu zauzimu kwa Russia, komanso kulimbitsa chikhulupiriro kuti mayesero m'tsogolo nthawi yovuta mavuto. mpingo Russian adzalenga wina mzimu wamphamvu ndi mphamvu anthu, amene adzabwera mu nkhondo yomenyana ndi m'derali ndi olusa Katolika.

Aliyense ankadziwa kuti mu nthawi yochepa adzayesedwe wachifumu wa umutu mu Moscow. Pa nkhani imeneyi panali kusagwirizana ndi Orthodox wa Constantinople, amene akhumudwa ndi Russia chifukwa kusintha udindo wa autocephalous ndipo sanafune kuvomereza.

Komabe, popanda chilolezo cha makolo akale a kum'mawa Metropolitan kudzikonda analengeza Russian kholo adzakhala nkhani n'kosayenera oletsedwa. Mu likulu, mfumu kosavuta koletsedwa mphamvu, koma kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabishopu, popanda kusankha zabwino m'madipatimenti primatial anali zenizeni.

zinthu zakale okha kwambiri yaikulu utsogoleli wa mabishopu ku Russia mu ulamuliro wa Fedor Ivanovich (mwana Ioanna Groznogo). Fedor analamulira (zonse nthawi imene anali mu pemphero, anakulira Mkhristu sanafune kuti mulimbane ndi mavuto wankhanza wa zandale, chifukwa, dzina lake canonized), ndipo Boris Godunov (m'bale wa mkazi wa mfumu Fedor Irina Godunov) ankalamulira.

Boris Godunov

Kwambiri wofuna munthu Boris Godunov. Pa nthawi yomweyo anali States wamkulu, amene analenga pulogalamu kusintha mkhalidwe Russian, zimene kumapangitsanso mphamvu zake ndi kutchuka. Mwatsoka, ogwira ntchito imeneyi Godunov anali ndi maziko olimba mwauzimu ndipo kawirikawiri malangizo ake anaphedwa mwa zosavomerezeka mwamakhalidwe (ndi chilichonse chimene anali mlandu kuphedwa Tsarevich wotchedwa Dmitry, ngakhale palibe umboni mwachindunji). Komanso, anthu Russian kwadzaoneni ku auzimu ndi abwino pambuyo oprichnina, choncho anali kutali ndi zolinga zonse odzitukumula atsogoleri ake.

Komabe Godunov akhafuna kuona Russia mphamvu zazikulu ndi kutha nkhani ya chiyanjo cha mabishopu mpaka kumapeto.

kuyambira

Mayeso oyamba a maphunziro anayamba ndi ulendo Moscow mu 1586, mkulu wa mabishopu Antiokeya wa Joakim. Izi mwachangu akusamalira "Godunov" akazembe. Koma zisanachitike anapita kunja kwa Western Russia ndipo anaona alimbane wa Katolika Chipolishi Chilituyaniya Commonwealth, lomwe pang'ono kuwonongekeratu moyo wa Mpingo wa Kyiv mzindawo (madzulo wa Union of Brest). The regal Moscow, anaona ukulu weniweni ndi ulemerero wa Rome Chachitatu. Kholo lakale Joachim anakumana ndi mwayi waukulu ndi ulemu, iye anadza mphatso zachifundo, monga dipatimenti ake anali ndi ngongole ya zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu golide. Godunov anatengerapo mwayi kamphindi ndipo anayamba kukhazikitsa dongosolo lake - kumayambiriro mabishopu ku Russia.

Moscow Metropolitan Dionisiyo

Atangofika wa Joakim sanapereke okha kudziwika Moscow Metropolitan Dionisiyo. Ambiri mwina, iye anali mu cahoots ndi Godunov ndipo ankaimba nkhani. Mabishopu, anatumiza kwa Mfundo Cathedral wa Moscow Kremlin. Pali pamaso pa ulemerero wake onse mikanjo yapamwamba anaonekera kulambira Metropolitan Dionisiyo, amene anali madalitso woyamba wa mabishopu, wa ku Antiokeya, koma mwadzidzidzi anakhumudwa. Zachifundo-wosaka anasonyezedwa amene Kanyaniko weniweni wa Mpingo waukulu.

Apa m'pamene pamafunika Godunov anayamba kuchita zokambirana chinsinsi ndi Joachim, mfundo yaikulu imene - kumayambiriro mabishopu ku Russia. Tsiku la mwambo chachikulu ichi chinali kale kwambiri. Joachim sanali wokonzeka nkhaniyi, koma analonjeza kukaonana ndi mbadwa East. Moscow pa siteji zakhala kukhuta.

nkhondo

Mawu omaliza anali Constantinople (Istanbul). Pali anayamba zinachitika pa. Akutiakuti kuugonjetsa mbadwa, makachisi anali ransacked anthu a ku Turkey, ndalama zonse amaba. Cash ndi makalata a Moscow mwayekha kwinakwake anataya.

Kholo lakale Konstantinopolskiy Ieremiya anayamba kubwezeretsa mabishopu, koma ndalama pa izo anachita. Ndipo iye anaganiza kuchita ngati Joachim ndi anapita Moscow ndi dzanja lotambasula. Komabe, iye samadziwa za nkhani kale za kulengedwa kwa Moscow mabishopu. Ndi chirichonse anayamba kachiwiri: milandu ngati imeneyi nyimbo, komanso ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo. Yeremiya anali pafupifupi chaka m'ndende panyumba ku malo yapamwamba mu mwala woyera.

Yobu

Ambiri, msonkhano uwu unali fateful kwa mpingo Russian. The vuto la Orthodox wa Constantinople ankaimba njira zabwino kwa oyamba a Orthodox mu Russia.

Mu Moscow, pa nthawi ino, komanso Istanbul, panali ena kusintha. Godunov kutsitsidwa Metropolitan Dionisiyo mu 1587 mogwirizana ndi chiwembu boyar, zigawenga zinatilamula chisudzulo Tsar Fedor ndi mkazi wake Irinoy Godunovoy chifukwa osabereka.

Dionisiyo zinachitika Rostov Bishop Yobu, chifukwa cha January 23 (February 2), 1589 , adzakhala woyamba wa mabishopu wa Russia. Ngakhale mu nthawi yathu mu 1989, dzina lake adzakhala canonized.

Mu 1721 Peter Ine anathetsa mabishopu: adzabwezeretsedwa yekha mu 1917 ku Khonsolo ya Local ndi mbadwa osankhidwa a St. Tikhon. Ndiye kudzakhala kovuta kwa Russian Church Bolshevik nthawi. Atamwalira Tikhon kamodzi tchalitchi sanali ikuchitika. Only mu 1943 kunakhala kotheka, ndi Kanyaniko wa Orthodox Russian anakhala Sergio (Starogorodskiy). Kholo lakale Kirill anadzakhala kholo 16 mu mzere Russia.

Choncho, mawu oyamba boma la mabishopu ku Russia (chaka 1589) unachitikira zana la 16.