West Russia: kufotokoza, chidwi mfundo ndi mbiri. Western ndi kum'mawa Russia - History

Mu Middle Ages, Western Russia zikuphatikizapo madera pafupi ndi Hungary, Poland ndi Lithuania. Chiyambireni cha kugawikana ndale m'chigawo ali maukulu angapo, wolimbana ndi mzake kwa otsogolera.

Part wa Kievan Yairo

Pamaso pa zikamera umodzi boma wakale Russian pa dera la Western Russia anakhala mabungwe mafuko a kum'mawa Asilavo: Dregovichi, drevlyans, Volhynians, Ulichi ndi White Croatia. Mu IX-X zaka zambirimbiri. iwo Ufumuyo Kiev. ndondomeko linamalizidwa mu ulamuliro Vladimira Svyatoslavicha (980-1015).

West Russia kumpoto pambali mafuko ndi Baltic: Lithuania, Prussia ndi Zhmud. Izi okhala gombe Baltic kusinthanitsa ndi Asilavo uchi ndi Amber. Kwa kanthawi iwo sanali angabweretse pangozi kwa Russia. Zinali wamphamvu kwambiri kumadzulo mnansi - Polish Ufumu. Anthu Asilavo anabatizidwa mwambo Roma. Kusiyana pakati pa Akatolika ndi Orthodox chimodzi zimayambitsa mavuto pakati Russia ndi Poland. Mu 981 Vladimir Yofiira Sun walengeza nkhondo pa Prince Mieszko ine ndipo anapambana otchedwa dziko la Cherven, umene unali mzinda waukulu Przemysl.

Kum'mwera kumadzulo Russia anathetsa steppes, amene anali kunyumba kwa wongosamukasamuka Turkic olankhula. Choyamba kunali Pechenegs. Mu X atumwi kuti m'malo mwa Polovtsy. Mofanana pakati pawo chinali chakuti onse steppe anakonza maulendo zonse kwa Russia, limodzi ndi wakubayu nkhanza wamba.

Nthawi ya kugawikana andale

Atamwalira Yaroslava Mudrogo mu 1054 logwirizana Old boma Russian unagawidwa maukulu angapo. Zimenezi zakhala pang'onopang'ono. Mu ena a akalonga Kievan, monga Vladimir Monomakh, dziko amakhalanso kwathunthu. Komabe, ndewu ndi agnatic mkulu potsiriza anagawa Russia. M'zaka za m'ma XI ndi ukulu waukulu kumadzulo Russia anali Volyn ndi likulu lake mu mzinda wa Vladimir-Volyn.

Rostislav mzera

Apa mizu mafumu wotsikayo kuchokera Rostislav Vladimirovich - mdzukulu Yaroslava Mudrogo mzere wa akulu. Theoretically, anthu a ana ngakhale anali mwalamulo kuti Kiev, koma "mayi a mizinda ya ku Russia" mizu ena Rurik. Poyamba ana ankakhala pa bwalo la Rostislav Jaropolk Izyaslavich - Kiev kazembeyo. Mu 1084 Rurik Volodar cornflowers ndi anakankhidwira kunja kwa Prince Vladimir, ndipo kwa kanthawi wotanganidwa dera lonse.

Pomaliza Rostislavichi anagwira Volyn pambuyo Lyubech Congress mu 1097 ndi zotsatira nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuzindikira za ndale ku matauni ena yaing'ono m'chigawo (popanda Vladimir ndi Przemysl) - Terebovlya ndi Dorogobuzh. Mdzukulu Rostislav Vladimir Volodarevich mu 1140 ophatikizidwa iwo ndipo analenga ukulu latsopano lomwe likulu lake wotchedwa Galicia. okhalamo wamkulu wolemera pa malonda mchere ndi anansi ake. Western Russia anali mochititsa osiyana wandiweyani kumpoto kum'mawa kumene Asilavo ankakhala mu nkhalango pafupi mafuko Chifinishi.

Jaroslav Osmomysl

Pamene mwana wa Vladimir Yaroslav Osmomysl (analamulira 1153-1187 gg.) Ukulu Chigalashiya anakumana ndi zaka golide. Onse muulamuliro wake anayesa kukana hegemony wa Kiev ndi mgwirizano wake ndi Vladimir-Volyn. nkhondo imeneyi inatha mu kupambana. Mu 1168, pansi pa utsogoleri wa mgwirizano wa akalonga Andreya Bogolyubskogo analanda Kiev ndipo atamupereka zofunkha kwake, mzinda moti. tanthauzo lake ndale pansi, ndipo Galich M'malo mwake, linali likulu la Western Russia.

Jaroslav anatsogolera yogwira mfundo yachilendo, nalowa migwirizano ndi kumenyana Hungary ndi Poland. Komabe, ndi imfa Osmomysl wotchedwa Galicia anayamba kukangana. mwana wa Solomo, Vladimir Yaroslavich anavomereza ukulu wa Rostov Prince Vsevolod ya Big Nest. Iye anavutika ndi Boyar kutsutsidwa ndipo kenako atulutsidwa mzinda kwawo. Mu malo lace Volyn Prince Roma Mstislavovich, kubweretsa pamodzi magawo awiri mu amphamvu ukulu centralized.

Association of wotchedwa Galicia ndi Volyn

Roman Mstislavovich - mosiyana yapita Galich akalonga - anali mbadwa mwachindunji Vladimira Monomaha. Malinga ndi mayi ake, anali wachibale wa Polish kulamulira mafumu. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mwana ndaleredwa mu Kraków.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Vladimir Yaroslavich Roma anabwera Galich, pamodzi ndi asilikali Polish, amene anapatsidwa iye ndi mfumu - inanyamuka. Izi zinachitika mu 1199. deti limeneli ankaona tsiku la chilengedwe umodzi wina wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu. History of Western Russia nthawi imeneyi ndi chidwi interweaving mfundo akale Asilavo.

Roman Mstislavovich kawiri analanda Kiev, koma sanapeze mkulu wake, ndi kuika pampando wachifumu wa anthu kumeneko okhulupirika amene akuikidwa poluvassalnoy malingana iye. Mtengo waukulu wa kazembe Chigalashiya anali gulu la mndandanda wa yokopa motsutsa Polovtsian, kumene kumakhudza onse Western ndi kum'mawa Russia. Kulimbana ndi wongosamukasamuka, Roman anayamba thandizo la achibale ake onse kuchokera ku Rurik mafumu. Pali chiphunzitso zosatsimikiza kuti mu 1204, atagwa Constantinople kwa iye anathawa ukapolo Mfumu Alexios III Angelos.

Kulimbana kwa bambo Daniel cholowa chake

Roman Mstislavovich anafa 1205 patapita ngozi kusaka. mwana wake Daniele anali mwana wakhanda. boyars Chigalashiya anatengerapo mwayi uwu, kuwamana iye pa mpando wachifumu. Pa moyo wake, Daniel anamenyana ndi apamwamba wopanduka, akalonga Russian ndi anansi kumadzulo kwa ufulu kubwerera ku cholowa cha atate wake. Zinali nyengo yowala wodzazidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya zochitika. Inali nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Daniel Romanovich Western Lazaro anafika kulemera kwake chuma ndi ndale.

Lawi mphamvu kalonga anali serviceman kalasi, ndi alendo okhala m'mizinda, amene anathandiza wolamulira wa mtendere. Mu zaka yamtendere, Daniel anathandiza kukula kwa nyumba yatsopano ndi Masitolo, kukopa amalonda a zamalonda anatengerapo mwayi ndi amisiri aluso. Pamene idamangidwa ndi Lviv Hill.

The Golden Age of Western Russia

Anawo akamakula, mu 1215 mnyamata anali Kalonga wa Volyn. cholowa nakhala patrimony waukulu. Mu 1238, iye atabwerera ku ukulu wa Galich, ndipo miyezi ingapo analanda Kiev. The wotukuka wa maufumu atsopano kupewedwa nkhondo Mongol. Back mu 1223, achinyamata Danieli analemba za Asilavo kalonga Mgwirizano nawo Nkhondo ya Kalka. Ndiye Mongolia ankachitika mayesero anaukira Polovtsian steppe. Kugonjetseratu anagwirizana mphamvu, iwo adapuma, koma anabwerera mu mochedwa 30 ntchentche. Poyamba, Russia North-East kwambiri. Ndiye anadza kwa cholowa cha Daniel. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti Mongolia ndi ndinasintha poistrepali asilikali ake, iye anatha kupewa chiwonongeko zazikulu kwambiri mu dziwe la Oka ndi Klyazma.

Daniel anayesetsa kulimbana ndi Mongolian kuopseza ndi kulowa mapangano ndi mayiko Katolika. Pamene Chigalashiya Lazaro ndi Ulaya mogwirizana ndi malonda ndi mzake. Kuyembekezera kuthandiza, Daniel anavomera kulandira mutu yachifumu ku Papa, ndipo mu 1254 anali mfumu ya Russia.

mphamvu zake zinali pa ndime ndi amphamvu Poland ndi Hungary. Pa nthawi imene North-West Russia kuwawa kwa Akhristu, ndi kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa Mongolia, Daniel anakwanitsa kusunga mtendere chuma chawo. Iye anafa mu 1264, kusiya mbiri kwambiri kwa ana awo.

Kuchepa ndi imfa ya ufulu

Ana ndi adzukulu a Daniel sanathe zinthu paokha andale West. Galich ndi Volyn dziko unagawidwa pakati Poland ndi Lithuania, amene adatenga pa zakale maukulu Russian ndi mabanja dynastic, ndi pansi pa amapereka chitetezo ku Mongolia. Mu 1303 archdiocese mwini, chimene ndi mwachindunji wamng'ono kwa kholo la Constantinople izo unakhazikitsidwa mu dera.

nkhondo ndi Russia pa anansi ake kumadzulo pamene Poland ndi Lithuania zidzasankhidwa pakati wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn cholowa. Izi zinachitika mu 1392. Posachedwapa anthu awiri anasaina mgwirizano ndi kupanga umodzi Rzeczpospolita. Mawu akuti "Western Russia" kenako kukhala chachikale chinkawavuta.