The nkhondo US ndi Japan: zaka zambiri zimayambitsa imfa

Mu August 1945 mabomba mabomba awiri atomiki pa mizinda ya Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki itatha nkhondo chinatenga zaka 4 Pacific, otsutsa waukulu umene anali America ndi Japan. The kukumana kwa mphamvu awiriwa wakhala mbali yofunika ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndi kunathandiza chidwi zotsatira zake. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo masiku ano muyezo wa mphamvu m'bwalo lonse zikuchitika chifukwa cha zochitika akale aja.

Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa moto Pacific

Chifukwa United States ndi Japan nkhondo lagona pa nkhondo ya pakati pa mayiko amenewa, kukulitsa mu 1941, ndipo Tokyo pofuna kuthetsa pogwiritsa asilikali. Kutsutsana kwambiri pakati mphamvu wamphamvu dziko chikanachitika yokhudzana ndi China ndi gawo la French Indochina - zakale French njuchi.

Anakana akafunsiridwa ndi US chiphunzitso boma la "makomo otseguka", Japan kufuna ulamuliro wake wonse pa m'mayiko amenewa, komanso Manchuria m'gawo lake kale anagwira. Chifukwa cha khama la Tokyo mu nkhani iyi imachitika mu nkhani Washington pakati pa maiko awiri osati yayenda bwino iliyonse.

Koma zonena izi si zokhazo Japan. Tokyo, kuganizira United States, Britain ndi mphamvu zina atsamunda sankalemekeza, mphamvu zonse kuyesera adzawathamangitsa iwo ku South Pacific ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, kumvetsetsa, kotero magwero a chakudya ndi zipangizo, m'dera lawo. Iyo inali pafupi 78% kupanga labala padziko lonse pa zinthu izi, 90% tini ndi chuma zina zambiri.

Chiyambi cha mkangano

Ndi chiyambi cha July 1941 asilikali a ku Japan, ngakhale zionetsero za wochokera maboma a America ndi Britain, izo wakhala akugwira kulanda a mbali ya kum'mwera ya Indochina, ndipo patapita kanthawi, akubwera mmwamba pafupi ndi Philippines, Singapore, ndi Dutch East Indies ndi Malaya. Poyankha America uyu ali chikangoperekedwa ndi kuletsa kwambiri ku Japan zipangizo zonse oonekera ndipo nthawi yomweyo kukhala magombe ake mazira a chuma Japanese. Choncho, posachedwapa kunabuka nkhondo pakati Japan ndi United States anali zotsatira za nkhondo zandale America akuyesa kuthetsa ziletso pa za chuma.

Tikumbukenso kuti zokhumba lankhondo la Tokyo anawonjezera mpaka chisankho pa kulanda ya m'dziko la Soviet Union. Izi zinali mu July 1941 pa msonkhano lachifumu, anati Nduna ya nkhondo, Japan Tojo. Malinga ndi iye, ayenera kupita ku nkhondo kuti awononge Soviet Union ndi imalamulira zinthu zake wolemera achilengedwe. Komabe, nthawi zolinga izi zinali bwino yotheka chifukwa cha kusowa mphamvu, zambiri za zomwe anatumizidwa ku nkhondo China.

Vuto la Pearl Harbor

US ndi Japan anayamba nkhondo ndi vuto lamphamvu American panyanja m'munsi pa Pearl Harbor anachititsa ndege ndi zombo anzake a zombo Japanese, analamula asilikali Isoroku Yamamoto. Izo zinachitika pa December 7, 1941.

M'munsi American zinachitikadi awiri mpweya anaukira nawo mwa ndege 353, anavula ku ndege chonyamulira 6. The chifukwa cha kuukira bwino kwa omwenso zosachita mapeto anadabwa anali Crusher kuti kugonja mbali yofunika kwambiri Navy US ndi analidi tsoka dziko.

Mu nthawi yochepa mdani ndege mwachindunji berths 4 amphamvu kwambiri US Navy Nkhondo inawonongedwa, umene 2 yokha ndi vuto lalikulu anakwanitsa achire pambuyo pankhondo. More 4 zombo za mtundu uwu wavulala kwambiri ndipo kalekale wolemala.

Komanso, iwo kumizidwa kapena kwambiri kuonongeka 3 ofunkha, cruisers 3 ndi mzere umodzi wanga. Chifukwa cha mdani bombardment la America anataya 270 ndege ataima mu mphindi pa aerodrome nyanja komanso pa adzikometsa a ndege zonyamulira. Pamwamba pa izi zinawonongedwa looneka ndi mafuta akasinja, zipilalapo, kukonza pabwalo ndi amagetsi.

Koma tsoka chachikulu chinali imfa chidwi cha anthu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Japanese mpweya anaukira anapha munthu mu 2404 ndi 11 779 anavulala. Kenako, zochitika zodabwitsa za United States kulengeza nkhondo pa Japan ndi movomerezeka ndi mgwirizano odana ndi Hitler.

Komanso pasadakhale la asilikali Japanese

Tsoka pa Pearl Harbor, anapha mbali yaikulu ya Navy US, monga British, Australia ndi Dutch fleets sanathe amapanga asilikali apanyanja kupikisana Japan kwambiri iye analandira ukulu afika pa Pacific. Nkhondo Komanso Tokyo linapangitsa anagwirizana ndi Thailand, pangano asilikali amene anali Mukalowa mu December 1941.

US ndi Japan, nkhondo kunakopa ndipo anabweretsa mavuto ambiri pa chiyambi boma la Roosevelt. Popeza December 25, khama anzake a Japan ndi Thailand anatha kubisa kulimbikira wa asilikali a ku Britain mu Hong Kong, ndipo Achimereka anakakamizika ndi zida kuponya ndi katundu, kuti atuluke ku zapansi awo zilumba wapafupi.

Mpaka chiyambi cha May 1942 kupambana nkhondo mosasintha limodzi ndi asilikali a ku Japan ndi m'nyanja, amene analola Mfumu Hirohito kulamulira m'magawo akuluakulu zikuphatikizapo Philippines, Java, Bali, gawo la Solomon Islands ndi New Guinea, British Malaya ndi Dutch East Indies. Japanese mkaidi pamene panali zikwi 130. Asilikali British.

Zinthu zinasintha mu njira ya ntchito asilikali

The nkhondo US ndi Japan anali ndi chitukuko osiyana pokhapokha nkhondo nyanja pakati fleets awo kumene kunachitika May 8, 1942 mu Nyanja Miyala. Ndi nthawi iyi United States watumikira kwathunthu thandizo la odana ndi Hitler Mgwirizano ogwirizana mphamvu.

Nkhondo imeneyi anapita mu mbiri monga yoyamba imene zombo mdani chiyani silingafanane ndi mzake, sitinapange kuwombera wosakwatiwa ndipo osati konse mzake. ntchito onse ankhondo akutsatiridwa yekha zochokera ndege izi panyanja ndege. Zinali lofunikira zipolowe za magulu awiri chonyamulira nkhondo.

Ngakhale kuti m'kupita kwa nkhondo palibe pamagulu otsutsana analephera kupambana chigonjetso bwino, njira mwayi Komabe, kumbali ya adani. Choyamba, nkhondo imeneyi nyanja anasiya bwino, mpaka nthawi imeneyo, Kukwezeleza asilikali a ku Japan, ndi zigonjetso imene nkhondo United States ndi Japan, ndipo, kachiwiri, iwo anatsimikiza kugonjetsedwa kwa zombo Japanese kunkhondo lotsatira, komwe kunachitika mu June 1942 m'dera la chilumba cha Midway.

Nyanja Miyala anali kumizidwa ndi kuwiri Japanese ndege chonyamulira - "Shokaku" ndi "Zuikaku". Kunapezeka kuti Imperial Navy imfa mpaka kalekale, chifukwa mu chigonjetso cha US ndi ogwirizana ake yotsatira panyanja nkhondo likatembenuza mafunde a nkhondo Pacific.

Kuyesa kusunga kugonjetsa akale

Anamwalira Midway 4 ndege onyamula zambiri, 248 nkhondowo ndege ndi ndege zawo zabwino, Japan atasiya kupitiriza ntchito bwino pa nyanja kunja n'kupita aphimba gombe ofotokoza ndege, amene anali iye tsoka weniweni. Pambuyo pake, asilikali Mfumu Hirohito sanaganizire Mokhumbira chowopsa chirichonse, ndi khama lawo onse umalimbana kusunga magawo kale anagonjetsa. Apa n'kuti nkhondo pakati Japan ndi United States anali akadali kutali chokwanira.

Pa wamagazi ndi katundu nkhondo, umene unakhala kwa miyezi 6, mu February 1943, asilikali a ku America anatha analanda chilumba cha Guadalcanal. Kupambana kumeneku anali kukhazikitsa dongosolo njira kutetezela convoys pakati pa United States, Australia ndi ku New Zealand. M'tsogolo, mpaka mapeto a US ndi anagwirizana boma anatenga ulamuliro wa Solomo, ndi Aleutian Islands, dera la kumadzulo kwa chilumba cha New Britain, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa New Guinea, komanso Islands Gilbert, amene anali gawo la Britain.

Mu 1944, United States ndi Japan, nkhondo anatenga sizingasinthe. Popeza wotopa umatha usilikali ndipo alibe mphamvu zoti apitirize ntchito mseru asilikali Mfumu Hirohito a anaikira magulu awo onse anateteza m'madera m'mbuyomu anagwira la China ndi Burma, kupereka kanthu zina m'manja mwa mdani. Izi zayambitsa angapo zigonjetso. Choncho, February 1944, Japanese anakakamizika abwerere ku Marshall, ndi miyezi sikisi - ku zilumba Mariana. Mu September, iwo anasiya New Guinea, ndi mu October, kuugwira wa Islands ndi Caroline.

Kugwa kwa gulu lankhondo la Mfumu Hirohito

US ndi Japanese nkhondo (1941-1945) pachimake mu October 1944 pamene khama anzake a m'mayikowo linapangidwa wopambana ntchito Philippines. Kuwonjezera pa Army US, izo panafika asilikali a Australia ndi Mexico. Cholinga chawo wamba anali kumasulidwa kwa Philippines kuchokera Japanese.

Chifukwa cha nkhondo, linakhazikitsidwa pa October 23-26, mu Leyte Gulf, Japan anataya zambiri za bulu wake. imfa yake inali 4 chonyamulira 3 Nkhondo, 11 ofunkha, cruisers ndi 10 2 sitima zapamadzi lapansi. Philippines anali kwathunthu mmanja mwa adani awo, koma kumenyana ayi anapitiriza mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Mu chaka chomwecho, kusangalala malire lonse mu anthu oti ndi zida, mphamvu US akwanitsa amachitika kuchokera February 20 March 15 ntchito kugwila Iwo Jima chilumba, ndi kuyambira pa 1 April kuti June 21 - Okinawa. Onse a iwo a Japan, ndipo anakhala maziko yabwino kunyanyala mpweya pa mizinda yake.

Makamaka yowononga anali kuukira Tokyo, ndi US Air Force akuyendera 9-10 March 1945. Chifukwa cha mabomba chachikulu, izo anakopeka ndi bwinja la nyumba 250 zikwi., Ndi kupha anthu pafupifupi 100 zikwi. Anthu ambiri anali anthu wamba. Mu nthawi yomweyo, United States ndi Japan, nkhondo zinali zodzaza ndi isanayambike wa anagwirizana mphamvu mu Burma, ndi kutulutsidwa wotsatira izo kuchokera ntchito Japanese.

Woyamba m'mbiri ya mabomba a atomiki

Pambuyo pa August 9, 1945, asilikali a Soviet unkatchedwa tiponye Manchuria, zinali zoonekeratu ndithu kuti Pacific msonkhano, ndi kuti nkhondo (1945), Japan - US anamaliza. Komabe, ngakhale, boma US wachichita kuti analibe analogues ngakhale kale kapena zaka. mabomba a nyukiliya anapangidwa ndi dongosolo lake la mizinda Japanese wa Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki.

Woyamba atomiki anaponyanso bomba mmawa wa 6 August 1945 pa Hiroshima. Iye anakamba US Air Force B-29 yoponya mabomba, anatenga dzina Enola Gay pambuyo mkulu mayi adalira - msilikali Paulo Tibetsa. Bomba omwewo otchedwa Kamnyamata, kutanthauza - "The Mwana." Ngakhale dzina lake achikondi, bomba anali nayo mphamvu ya kilotons 18 TNT, ndi kupha, malinga ndi ziwerengero osiyanasiyana, kuyambira 95 mpaka 160 zikwi. Man.

Patapita masiku atatu, kenako imodzi zambiri mabomba a atomiki. nthawi iyi chandamale ake anali Nagasaki. America timakonda kupereka mayina zombo osati kapena aircrafts, ndipo ngakhale mabomba anaitcha mafuta Man - «Mafuta Man". Iye anakamba wakupha imene mphamvu anali wofanana kilotons 21 TNT B-29 Bockscar, gulu analamula Charles Sweeney. nthawi iyi anthuwo pakati pa 60 ndi 80 zikwi. wamba.

Agonje kwa Japan

Mantha ya mabomba, imene inatha zaka a US wotsogozedwa nkhondo ndi Japan kunali kwakukulu kuti Nduna Kantaro Suzuki akatulukire kwa mfumu Hirohito, mawu kufunika kwa kutha oyambirira cha nkhondoyi onse. Chifukwa, mwamsanga 6 Patapita masiku atomiki kuukira chachiwiri, Japan analengeza kugonja kwake pa September 2 chaka chomwecho mchitidwewo yosainidwa. Kusaina chikalata umenewu anathetsa nkhondo United States - (. 1941-1945 gg) Japan. Iye anali chochitika chomaliza cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World.

Malinga ndi malipoti, ndi zomvetsa US mu nkhondo ndi Japan anakwana 296 929 anthu. Awa, 169 635 - asilikali ndi alonda a mayunitsi pansi, ndi 127.294 - Navy ndi Asilikali. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu nkhondo Hitler Germany 185 994 a ku America anali ataphedwa.

Kodi America lamanja kupulumutsa kunyanyala nyukiliya nawo?

Kwa zaka zambiri pambuyo nkhondo mosaletseka kusemphana moyenera ndipo kumbali ya kunyanyala nyukiliya chinaperekedwa pa nthawi imene nkhondo (1945), Japan - US anali kale pafupifupi anamaliza. Monga ambiri a akatswiri padziko lonse, mu nkhani iyi, ndi funso lofunika ili kaya mabomba, amene inapha anthu ambirimbiri anafunika lowani pangano pa kugonja kwa Japan pa mawu chovomerezeka kwa boma la Pulezidenti Garri Trumena, ndipo panali njira zina kukwaniritsa chimene mukufuna?

Othandiza mabomba a amanena kuti chifukwa cha mwankhanza kwambiri, koma kulungamitsidwa, maganizo awo, miyeso akhoza kukakamiza Mfumu Hirohito kuti adzipereke, ongofuna nsembe mgwirizano, zivute zitani zogwirizana ndi adzaimira nkhondo ya magulu US ku Japan, ndi ndegeyo la asilikali pa chilumba cha Kyushu.

Komanso, kutsogolera ziwerengero mkangano, zomwe zikuonetsa kuti mwezi uliwonse nkhondoyo inali limodzi ndi imfa yaikulu kwa anthu a m'mayiko wotanganidwa wa Japan. Makamaka, akuti pa nthawi yonse ya ulendo wa asilikali a ku Japan China mu 1937 mpaka 1945 anthu anawonongeka pa mwezi pafupifupi 150 zikwi. Man. A chimodzimodzi umaonekanso m'madera ena ntchito Japanese.

Choncho, n'kosavuta kuti popanda kumenya nyukiliya, omwe anachititsa kuti boma Japanese agonje yomweyo, mwezi uliwonse motsatizana nkhondo idzakhala adatengedwa osachepera 250 zikwi. Lives, zinaposa kopambana chiwerengero cha anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi mabomba a.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, tsopano kupulumuka mdzukulu wa Pulezidenti Garri Trumena - Deniel Trumen - mu 2015, tsiku la makumi chaka chikumbutso ndi bomba la atomiki wa Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki anakumbukira kuti agogo ake mpaka mapeto a masiku adalapa nazo ndi kuwapatsa n'kulengeza kulondola undoubted mlandu. Malinga ndi iye, makamaka inapita mapeto a nkhondo asilikali, Japan - US. Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse tikhoza kwa miyezi ingapo, ngati si monga kwambiri zoyezera utsogoleli US.

Adani a maganizo amenewa

otsutsa mabomba, kenako amati popanda iwo United States ndi Japan mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anavutika awiri, omwe kuchuluka likuvutika akuvutika pakati pa anthu wamba a mizinda iwiri anakhudzidwa ndi kuukira ndi nyukiliya mlandu nkhondo, ndipo analipo boma uchigawenga.

Chiwerewere ndi matenda si nyukiliya anapanga maneno asayansi ambiri American, amene panokha nawo chitukuko cha zida wakupha. Oyambirira otsutsa wake ndi otchuka American nyukiliya sayansi Albert Einstein ndi Leo Szilard. Back mu 1939 pamene iwo anali atalemba kalata lolumikizana kwa US pulezidenti Roosevelt, imene kupereka ziyenera a makhalidwe abwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya.

Mu May 1945, seveni kutsogolera akatswiri American m'munda wa kafukufuku nyukiliya, kutsogozedwa ndi Dzheymsom Frankom anatumiza uthenga wake mutu wa boma. Mu izo, asayansi ananena kuti ngati United States anayamba ntchito yoyamba ya chida, izo zikanakhala kumana ake thandizo lonse, adzakupatsani ndi kutsogolera mtundu wa manja ndi sizimawayendera tsogolo kulamulira padziko lonse mtundu wa chida.

The mbali ndale ya nkhani

Kusiya zifukwa zokhuza kugonjetsa nkhondo poyambitsa chiwonongeko cha atomiki ku mizinda ya Japan, tiyenera kuzindikira chifukwa china chimene boma la America linasankha kutenga gawo ili lopambanitsa. Ichi ndi chisonyezo cha mphamvu ndi cholinga chokakamiza utsogoleri wa Soviet Union ndipo payekha pa Stalin.

Pamene, kutha kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, kudalirana kwa mphamvu pakati pa maulamuliro omwe adagonjetsa fascist Germany posachedwa, Truman adawona kuti ndi kofunikira kusonyeza dziko lomwe pakali pano liri ndi mphamvu zamphamvu zankhondo.

Chotsatira cha zochita zake chinali kumenya nkhondo, chiyambi cha Cold War ndi wotchuka Iron Curtain yomwe inagawaniza dziko lonse lapansi. Ku mbali imodzi, mauthenga a boma la Soviet anaopseza anthu omwe anali kuopsezedwa kuti adachokera ku "dziko lonse lapansi" ndipo adajambula mafilimu okhudza nkhondo ndi Japan ndi United States, komabe sadatope ndi kukamba za "chimbalangondo cha Russia", chomwe chimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chonse cha chikhristu. Motero, kuthamanga kwa atomiki komwe kunagwedeza kumapeto kwa nkhondo pa mizinda ya ku Japan, kunayendayenda padziko lonse lapansi kwazaka zambiri.