Katekisimu - Ndi chiyani icho? Orthodox Katekisimu. Catholic Catechism

Mu chipembedzo chilichonse pali buku limene atsogoleri a chipembedzowo akhoza kupeza mayankho a mafunso zamulungu. Lilinso kamba mapangidwe koyamba ubatizo wa. Chotero buku lotchedwa "katekisimu". Ndi chiyani icho? Kodi buku amenewa? Amene anali woyambitsa? Kodi Catholic Katekisimu wa Mkhristu? About lino nkhaniyi.

terminology

Choncho Katekisimu - Ndi chiyani icho? The tanthauzo iyoyomwe wakale chiyambi Greek. Kenako mawu wadutsa mu Latin. Kwenikweni tanthauzo amatanthauza "malangizo", "kuphunzira". M'mawu ena, katekisimu ndi chikalata achipembedzo. Limatchedwanso "catechetical buku" okhala ndi maziko a chiphunzitso. Bukuli ndipamene mbali ya chipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pali Katekisimu wa Mpingo wa Katolika. Monga ulamuliro, mfundo buku mu mawonekedwe a "funso mayankho". Zambiri, mawu akuti "katekisimu" anagwiritsidwa ntchito osati kulambira. tanthauzo limeneli angatchedwe kalozera aliyense kuya, analemba ndi chitsanzo cha chikalata achipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1869, chaka unakhazikitsidwa Katekisimu Nechayev. Mu ntchito iyi, monga kuyenera chikalata achipembedzo ankalimbikitsa ndi ambiri pulogalamu mantha adzatenge nambala yaikulu akuvutika, ndi "olamulira ankhanza zoipa za anthu."

mwachidule

The chakudya waukulu, umene uli choyambirira Orthodox katekisimu, anali yapangidwa nthawi kuchokera 1822 mpaka 1823. Mlembi yake inali St Filaret (Drozdov). Buku kwavomelezedwa ndi Synod ndi lofalitsidwa mu 1823. katekisimu Izi Filaret ndipo anavomereza poyamba ngati kalozera. Kenako, ntchito chinaperekedwa ku younikanso ndithu. Kusakasaka ndi kungokonza mbali zowonongeka anachita ndi wolemba, wozenga akulu ndi anthu ena a Synod. Ntchito imeneyi nthawi zonse zilibwino ndi wolingalira Mabaibulo ambiri. Ena a zaumulungu, kuphatikizapo kanjedza monga Metropolitan Bulgakov Makary, kuika katekisimu Filaret monga mmodzi wa "buku chophiphiritsa." Malinga ndi ambiri, ntchito ya woyera ndi gwero lina ambiri odalirika a ziphunzitso motsimikiza. Pamenepa ndi pamene kwathunthu kwambiri anauyamba m'malo mwa mpingo wa n'kofunika amafotokoza.

nkhani yovutayi

Komabe, ena a zaumulungu Orthodox ndikutsutsa analembedwa ndi Metropolitan Filaret. Koma, ngakhale, iwo anazindikira kufunika amene ali katekisimu (chimene icho chiri, monga tafotokozazi) mu mbiri ROC. mawu awa abwera chakuti, malinga ndi Bishop Vasiliya Krivosheina, chikalata lalikulu lachipembedzo kakusintha kusintha kwambiri. Chifukwa cha phukusi la bwanamkubwa wamkulu wa Synod Woyera - munthu yakale - m'bukuli udindo wosasintha motsimikiza chipilala Zazipembedzo Orthodoxy, nawonso kukhala anakayikira, monga Katekisimu wa Moscow Filaret izo lilibe zonse mwa zizindikiro za chikhulupiriro ndi anafotokoza mmene zamulungu sanali Orthodox.

Nkhani zokhudza ntchito ya chikalata achipembedzo ROC zamakono

Kumayambiriro a 2014 sichinayambe chikalata chilichonse "malangizo" zovomerezedwa motsogozedwa ndi mmodzi wa apamwamba maboma ROC, kaya Bungwe la Aepiskopi ndi Synod Woyera. Nkhani Katekisimu inyamuka cha 2015. Achiprotestanti ndi miafizitov pakalibe ofunda chikalata achipembedzo ROC amapereka mwayi kuganizira magazini alipo, ovomerezedwa ndi Synod, kokha ngati kalozera. Iwo amakhulupirira amapanga pamene kuganizira katekisimu, si gwero motsimikiza, zimene ziyenera kukhala ntchito yofotokoza chiphunzitso. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nkhani zambiri Mkristu, osati chikale. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo akufotokoza postulates ambiri achikristu kwa anthu a Russian Ufumu. Chinanena mmenemo, ndi udindo wa matupi boma. Mwachitsanzo, Nicholas ndinali osati monga mutu wa Russian Orthodox komanso woyang'anira ndi woyang'anira anthu ake Lutheran ndi nawo pa chisankho cha Chiameniya wa mabishopu. Ndipo ngakhale mkwiyo wa Mpingo Orthodox ku Russia kuti makatekizimu nduna ndipo magwero ziphunzitso, anaganiza kukhala utsogoleri wawo, womwe anauyamba choonadi zofunika Orthodoxy.

Kapangidwe achipembedzo a chikalatacho

Gawo, amene amatsegula Orthodox katekisimu, imatiuza wowerenga za mfundo zikuluzikulu za chiphunzitso Chikristu chisanayambe. Zimasonyezanso maganizo pa mfundo vumbulutso la Mulungu pa gawo la Orthodox Russian, za Baibulo. Chigawo chotsatira ndi mbali yaikulu atatu. Iwo zochokera kulanda makhalidwe abwino waukulu achikhristu kuti: "Chikondi", "Pa Chikhulupiriro" ndi "The Hope." Mu gawo zoyenera Chikhulupiriro, amapereka mwachidule mwatsatanetsatane za Nicene mu luntha Orthodox, popanda Filioque. Iwo agawidwa zinthu 12 (mamembala) kuti tinafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane. Pamakhala nkhani ya imfa zisanu ndi ziwiri za Chikhristu. Mu chigawo "Pa Hope" ndi zoyenera mu Maganizo achikristu limatchula ndipo limafotokoza udindo wa pemphero mu moyo wa okhulupirira. Mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo la nsembe yoweyula, "Atate wathu." Chifukwa ndi losavuta kumva pemphero ogaŵikana amapempha Mulungu, 7 zopempha ndi matamando m'ndende. "About Hope" Ikufotokozanso 10 CHIPHUNZITSO. Mbali ya "Chikondi" laperekedwa kwa malamulo khumi a Mulungu. Anayi a iwo anali losema pa tebulo choyamba. Iwo ndi lamulo la chikondi kwa Mlengi. Asanu ndi mmodzi otsala malamulo a chikondi kwa mnansi wake. Kufotokozera aliyense limodzi malamulo zofunika akwaniritsa zofunikira za kulongosoledwa ndi tchimo zimene zingachititse kuphwanya ake. Kumapeto kwa chikalata achipembedzo limati "The ntchito za chiphunzitso cha chikhulupiriro ndi achifundo." Tikumbukenso kandalama katekisimu kuti bukhuli ndi zothandiza kuphunzira ndi kumvetsa. Text aumbike mwa mawonekedwe a mafunso ndi mayankho. Choncho, choyamba zofuna mavuto a chikhulupiriro, zili ndi cholinga chachikulu cha Orthodox. chikalata achipembedzo limayankha funso. Text kasamalidwe kakusintha ndi archaism mwadala. Buku lili ambiri tserkovnoslavyanizmy. Mwachitsanzo, zolowa "m'lingaliro lotani" katekisimu zikumveka ngati "mphamvu zimene / maganizo." archaism Izi anatchuka mu theka zoyambirira za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi.

Short kulenga kasamalidwe single

Kotala zoyambirira za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi zinali zodzaza ndi ntchito nambala mokwanira lalikulu makatekizimu. Ambiri mwa Orthodox anali olemba rukovodstva Metropolitan Peter manda ndi Plato. Analenga mchikakamizo cha ntchito imeneyi, Mabaibulo atsopano, komanso magwero yaikulu, anyozedwa ndi mpingo. Mbali yoyamba, iye akuwona "Catholic" kukondera. Mu iwowa anali kudzudzulidwa pamaso pa zinthu Chiprotestanti. Maonekedwe imeneyi anali cholengedwa a katekisimu latsopano. Komanso, chifukwa akuyendera 1816 Baibulo latsopano la mabuku a m'Baibulo Russian, anaganiza kaye ndime zogwirizana m'magazini akale a Guide to the latsopano. Pokhalabe kugwilizana ndi ntchito Baibulo younikanso. Kupeza yatsopano imodzi katekisimu izo anayambitsa mu 1822.

analembadi

Ntchito kukafola ndi katekisimu anaikidwa kutsogolo kwa mmodzi wa ophunzira kwambiri ndi akatswiri a zaumulungu Russian - Metropolitan wa Moscow ndipo Kolomenskim Filaretom. Baibulo loyambirira linasindikizidwa mu 1823. Katekisimu linapangidwa mu dongosolo, ndiye anapulumutsidwa mu Mabaibulo onse ndi Mabaibulo. Iwo anali nawo chofunika magawo atatu a Chikhulupiriro, chiyembekezo, chikondi. Author anapitiriza ndi ulaliki zakuthupi mu mawonekedwe a "funso mayankho". The zichokere Lemba osagwidwa anapatsidwa malinga ndi kusintha mu 1816, ena mwa mawu a amasuliridwa payekha payekha Filaret. Zofunika kwambiri pa maganizo a za malo kompayila utsogoleri anali kudzipatula kulisindikiza lalikulu.

chikalata latsopano

1823 anaona kukonzanso kumasulidwa kwa katekisimu ndi. Labor wakhala asakumane iwo anachiwona mu kope woyamba cholakwacho. Kenako mu 1824, anadza Mabaibulo ena anayi yagoletsa Church Chisilavo ndi mtundu yapachiweniweni (Mabaibulo awiri pa mtundu wa chizindikiro). Short buku la chikalata achipembedzo anatulutsidwa pambuyo m'ma 1824 ndi dzina lake "Small Katekisimu". nkhani chiyani? Ankaufulula makamaka kwa anthu osaphunzira ndi ana. Chitsogozo zikuphatikizapo lemba anasankha kope zikuluzikulu ntchito zilembo zazikulu. Muimba "Lofalitsidwa ndi kuti ufumu" mu Katekisimu N'kwabwino sanali. Koyamba Katekisimu anayamba kutchedwa "danga".

Kutsutsa chikalata achipembedzo ndi zotsatira zake

Zikamera wa makatekizimu anagwa mu nthawi yomweyo pamene mwachangu Mabaibulo mabuku Lemba akuyendera Russian Bible Society kudzudzulidwa. chiwerengero cha boma ndiwofatsa ndi udindo wapamwamba atsogoleri makamaka zikuchepa kudzudzulidwa ntchito ya DBR. anathandiza AA Arakcheyev nduna ya Education Alexander Shishkov ndi Archimandrite Photius mwachangu ananena kuti chinenero cha Chirasha sikuloledwa m'mabuku pemphero ndi malemba opatulika. Komanso, kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake zingachititse maonekedwe a mipatuko zosiyanasiyana. AS Shishkov, pokhala kutsatira za mfundo imeneyi ya chizindikiro cha Mpingo Chisilavo ndi zinenero Russian, ankateteza maganizo ake pamaso pa Metropolitan Seraphim. Malinga Photius, katekisimu Drozdov ndi kutsogolera Peter manda mofanana ndi mzake komanso "kanavnaya madzi" ndi ofanana ndi "... madzi wabwino wa Neva."

Kusiyana ndi original

Pa njira imene AS Shishkov anayamba kufufuza makatekizimu Metropolitan Filaret. Cholinga cha ntchito iyi anali kudziwa mlingo wa zopatuka gwero pachiyambi, chimene chiri chiphunzitso Orthodox. akutsindika aikidwa pa kuthekera ntchito ndemanga pa achipembedzo zilembedwe chikalata Baibulo Russian. Chikutanthauza maganizo ake chinachitikira pamodzi Photios ndi AS Shishkov. Komano, kuzipenya za okhutira kotheratu zamulungu a katekisimu ndi, si amphamvu mkangano zokwanira. Kufotokozera za kwambiri deficiencies ndemanga malangizo kwalimbitsa mawonekedwe munali funso: "Kodi ndi kuphunzitsa bwino aumulungu Kodi" Izo ziyenera kuyankha: "zikhulupiriro zachikhristu". Kuyambira mfundo mwamwambo chabe view, ndi ndemanga zikusonyeza kuti, kuwonjezera pa "zabwino" Mwina "zabwino" chiphunzitso cha kupembedza, zikhale Chibuda kapena Islam.

Ziletsozi

Ndi cholimba achipembedzo kufalitsidwa ndi maonekedwe a chikalatacho kumapeto kwa yapaderayi ku November 1824 analowa tingati lamulo la Synod Woyera. Iye analetsa kusindikiza ndi kufalitsa makatekizimu Filaret mpaka zindikirani zina. The chifukwa lamuloli anatsimikizidwa ndi inadmissibility wa transcriptions Pemphero la Ambuye, ndi Andani ndi Malamulo 10 pa Russian amatchedwa "folksy chilankhulo". Mu 1825 iye kachiwiri anamasulidwa Katekisimu wa Metropolitan Platon. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti ntchito imeneyi woyamba anabadwa mu 1786 ndipo anapirira Mabaibulo zisanu ndi ziwiri. Otsiriza a iwo anali pabwino monga counterweight kuti ntchito Filaret. Utsogoleri Plato yakula pamwamba anawatenga mu Baibulo mu Mpingo.