Amene anapeza chodabwitsa cha mpweya wa poizoni ndi m'mene zinachitikira?

Nkhaniyi imatiuza za amene anapeza chodabwitsa cha mpweya wa poizoni, pamene icho chinachitika ndi m'zochitika zomwe.

mpweya wa poizoni

Dziko lamakono makampani n'zokayikitsa kuchita popanda mphamvu nyukiliya. nyukiliya kudyetsedwa subs, amapereka magetsi m'mizinda yonse, ndi magwero mphamvu zapadera zochokera kuwola nyukiliya, wokwera pa makina ndi makina amene akuyendayenda maplaneti ena.

Mpweya wa poizoni anapeza mu m'ma XIX. Komabe, ngati zambiri zimene ena ofunika zosiyanasiyana za sayansi. Koma amene pakati pa asayansi woyamba anatulukira chodabwitsa cha mpweya wa poizoni ndi m'mene zinachitikira? Izi ndi zimene tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

anapeza

Nkofunika kwa chochitika sayansi zinachitika mu 1896 ndipo anapanga Becquerel wake kuphunzira kugwirizana mwina luminescence ndi kumene anapeza otchedwa X-ray.

Malinga ndi Maulendo a Becquerel, iye kuganiza kuti mwina luminescence aliyense komanso motsogozedwa ndi X-ray? Pofuna kutsimikizira Chapafupi, anagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala angapo mankhwala, kuphatikizapo mmodzi wa mchere wa ureniamu, amene glows mu mdima. Komanso, kuchitsatira mu dzuwa, wasayansi anatembenuka mchere mu pepala mdima ndi kuika mu chipinda pa mbale Zithunzi, amene nawonso, wakhalanso mmatumba mu wrapper opaque. Kenako, kusonyeza Becquerel ake m'malo ndi kuona molondola chidutswa cha mchere. Koma popeza luminescence pepala sanathe kugonjetsa, zikutanthauza kuti inawala mbale X-ray umuna. Kotero tsopano ife tikudziwa amene woyamba anatulukira chodabwitsa cha mpweya wa poizoni. Komabe, wasayansi analibe tanthauzo anapeza anapangidwa. Koma zinthu oyamba.

Msonkhano wa Academy of Sciences

Chaka chomwecho, pa msonkhano wa Academy of Sciences wa Paris, Becquerel anapanga lipoti "Pa cheza ndi opangidwa ndi phosphorescence." Koma patapita kanthawi chiphunzitso chake ndi anapezazo tinali kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, pamene wina ndi mayesero, popanda kudikira nyengo yabwino ndi dzuwa, wasayansi anaika pa Zithunzi mbale ureniamu pawiri kuti si irradiated ndi kuwala. Komabe, rekodiyo bwino zimaonekera matabwa ake.

Pa March chaka chomwecho Becquerel anapereka msonkhano wa Academy of Sciences ntchito ina, nkhani cheza panamveka ndi matupi phosphorescent. Tsopano ife tikudziwa asayansi anapeza chodabwitsa cha mpweya wa poizoni.

Zimene zina

Kutsata kuwonjezera maphunziro chodabwitsa cha mpweya wa poizoni, Becquerel anayesa zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo ureniamu zitsulo. Ndipo nthawi iliyonse bwalolo nthawi zonse kuda. Ndipo poika pakati pa cheza gwero ndi mbale zitsulo mtanda, wasayansi monga ife tikanati lero, wake X-ray. Choncho tinakambirana funso la amene anapeza chodabwitsa cha mpweya wa poizoni.

Ndi pamene zinadziwika kuti Becquerel anapeza mtundu zatsopano kunyezimira yosaoneka yomwe mukhoza kudutsa chinthu chilichonse, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, iwo sanali X-ray.

Ndipo anapezanso kuti mphamvu cheza amadalira kuchuluka kwa ureniamu zokonzekera mankhwala, osati ndi mtundu wawo. Iwo Becquerel nawo zimene anachita sayansi ndi ziphunzitso ndi akazi awo, Pierre ndi Mariey Kyuri, amene pambuyo anakhazikitsa mpweya wa poizoni panamveka ndi thorium, ndipo anatsegula awiri mtundu chinthu chatsopano, kenako dzina polonium ndi Analandira. Ndipo pamene kufufuza vuto la "amene anapeza chodabwitsa cha mpweya wa poizoni" Kawirikawiri ambiri molakwika kunenera mtengo uwu Curies.

Impact pa zamoyo

Pamene zinadziwika kuti ndi cheza nyukiliya panamveka mankhwala onse ureniamu, Becquerel pang'ono ndi pang'ono anabwerera kuphunzira phosphor. Koma iye anachita kupanga chimodzi chofunika anapeza - zotsatira za cheza nyukiliya pa zamoyo kwachilengedwenso. Choncho Becquerel sanali kokha woyamba anatulukira chodabwitsa cha mpweya wa poizoni, komanso anthu amene anakhazikitsa kukopa kwake pa zamoyo.

Pakuti munthu wina nkhani Iye anabwereka chinthu nyukiliya mu Curies ndi kuika mu thumba lake. Pambuyo nkhani, anabwerera kwa eni ake, wasayansi anaona reddening amphamvu khungu, amene natenga maonekedwe machubu. Pierre Curie kumva zopeka ake anaganiza kuyetsa - kwa maola khumi ankavala womangidwa ku dzanja chubu munali Analandira. Ndipo pamapeto ine ndimatenga chilonda amphamvu kuti sikapola kwa miyezi ingapo.

Choncho tinakambirana funso la amene pakati pa asayansi woyamba anatulukira chodabwitsa cha mpweya wa poizoni. Umu ndi mmene chikoka cha mpweya wa poizoni anapeza zamoyo kwachilengedwenso. Koma ngakhale izi, Curies, ndi njira, anapitiriza kuchita kuphunzira zipangizo nyukiliya, ndi Mariya Kyuri anafa matenda cheza ndi. katundu wake wake ali kusungidwa wapadera leaded sitolo chifukwa cha kutentha mlingo anapeza mwa iwo ndi pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo adakali oopsa kwambiri.