Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich: yonena, zithunzi

Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich, amene yonena kumayambitsa ndakatulo Soviet, moyo wake anapatsidwa kwa utumiki osati m'nyumbayi, komanso boma lake. otsutsa zolembalemba mwanjira ikukhudzana kwa "gawo lachiwiri" woyimba Russian, pamene wolemba ndakatulo ali mawu ake, kwambiri kupambana kulenga ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Childhood ndi Banja

November 22, 1896 ku St. Petersburg anabadwa Nikolai Tikhonov, kanthawi mbiri limafotokoza mawu amodzi: "wolemba ndakatulo", ndipo ndi likulu kalata. magwero ake ali zosatheka chithunzi kusankha Njira m'tsogolo. Iye anaonekera banja lophweka ndi wodzichepetsa. Bambo ake anali osavuta wometa, ndi mayi wake - yosoka zovala. ndalama banja anali oposa wodzichepetsa, ndalama sadzachitanso chikwanira mu zosowa zofunika. Iwo ankakhala m'nyumba wotchuka Morskaya Street, kumene kunali Pushkin ndi Herzen. Koma pamene Tikhonov anali kunyumba kwa wosawuka: yaing'ono mdima chipinda, palafini kuyatsa, mkhalidwe womvetsa chisoni. M'mlengalenga imene ndakatulo tsogolo anakulira, analibe njira iliyonse mapangidwe chikondi cha luso. Makolo kwenikweni makobidi anasonkhana kupereka ana osachepera maphunziro kochepa.

learning

Tihonov Nikolay anaphunzira pafupifupi paokha kuwerenga ndi kulemba mu zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kenako makolo anga anapeza njira ndipo anatumiza mnyamata kuphunzira mu sukulu pa Post Office Street. Iye ankakonda kuwerenga, makamaka chidwi ndi mbiri yake ndiponso madera. Kenako iye kupitiriza maphunziro ake ku sukulu Trade, koma ali ndi zaka 15 anachoka monga banja zitakuvutani thandizo, ndipo iye anali kupita ku ntchito. More kuphunzira kuti abwerere zisanachitikepo. Ndipotu Tikhonov kudzipereka anaphunzitsa, anasolola nzeru zake mabuku, ndi ntchito chidwi zokhudza akutali ndi Zopatsa anapita naye pamwamba pa ntchito mabuku.

kuyambira pa msewu

Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, Nicholas anapita kukagwira ntchito mlembi pa kayendetsedwe chuma nyanja. Pa zaka 19, anapita ku utumiki usilikali, zaka zitatu anakagwira ntchito Hussars, wolemba ndakatulo nawo mu nkhondo za First World nkhondo. Mu 1918, pambuyo October kuukira boma Tikhonov chibatizidwireni wa Red Army, pasanathe zaka zitatu wa kuteteza ufulu wa boma latsopano Soviet.

kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake ndakatulo ndi Nikolai Tikhonov analemba m'banda ali ndi zaka 18 analemba ntchito zoyamba. buku lake loyamba anaonekera pamene anali ndi zaka 22. Mu 1922, Nicholas anali demobilized msilikali ndipo amapanga chisankho fateful kukhala wolemba. Nthawi imeneyi, akulowa avant-garde zolembalemba chochitika amakhala chipani gulu "Serapion Abale" pamodzi ndi olemba monga Kaverin, Zoshchenko, Fedin, Slonimsky. Mu nthawi ya Tikhonov ali kwambiri acmeism ndi Gumilev.

zaka za kupambana

Kumayambiriro 1920s, Nikolai Tikhonov, chithunzi kawirikawiri glimpsed womkanikizawo Soviet, ndi gulu la ndakatulo ndi luso ndi otchuka kwambiri. Iye limafalitsa ndakatulo "Sami" zopereka "gulu" ndi "Braga". Wake "Ballad la misomali" kwenikweni amamvetsa mawu ndi zolemba. Popeza malemu 20 ntchentche Tikhonov amayenda kwambiri, anakacheza Caucasus, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan ndi Turkmenistan. Iye anayamba kucheza ndi zambiri alakatuli mwa mayiko fraternal m'nyengo izi zimawapangitsa kwambiri Mabaibulo a Chijojiya, Dagestan, dera Belarus, Chiuzibeki, Chiyukireniya nyimbo. Mu 1935 anam'tumiza France kwa Congress, "Mu Kuteteza dziko." Monga wolemba ndakatulo anathandiza mwachangu mzere wa chipani ndi boma kuti wamaliza kufalitsa kwambiri, kuyenda, kulankhula pagulu. Mu 1939, Tikhonov kachiwiri zinalembedwa mu ankhondo, iye nawo mu Chirasha Chifinishi nkhondo monga nkhondo mtolankhani komanso mkonzi wa "Kuteteza Mama". Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anagwira ntchito Administration Political wa Leningrad Front. Panthawi imeneyi analemba zambiri za ndakatulo ndi prose, ndi utolankhani.

nthawi unawonongedwa

Nkhondo itatha, Nikolai Tikhonov, ndakatulo ndi nzika owala, amalimbitsa kwambiri kwa anthu ovutika. Popeza 1949, anali kupita Union Mtendere Committee, ndiyeno Council Mtendere World. Pa nthawi iyi, iye akupanga ambiri achilendo kuyenda kwa Europe ndi China. Kuyambira 1944, ntchito wapampando wa Union of Soviet Writers, kenako walowa m'maudindo akuluakulu a utsogoleri wa mgwirizano malonda. Popeza 1946, zaka anali kazembe Supreme Soviet la RSFSR ndi, Moscow Soviet. Analemba mu nthawi iyi, Tikhonov ndi zochepa nthawi yambiri kulimbana ndi adani a mzere Party. Mu 1947, iye anali wakhama mu nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism, kumatsutsa buku lakuti "Pushkin ndi World Literature". Pang'ono ndi chizolowezi misonkhano, congresses ndi zisudzo amatenga nthawi wake zonse, izzhivaya ndakatulo.

ndakatulo cholowa

Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich, amene yonena kumagwirizana ndi maulamuliro Soviet mbasiya si wolemera kwambiri, koma chidwi ndakatulo cholowa. Mu chikwama chake oposa 10 ndakatulo, wotchuka kwambiri amene ali "okha" ndi "Mawu". Adalenga zopereka 10 ndakatulo kukopera. The lodziwika kwambiri anali "khumi m'Chiarabu", "Braga" ndi "mthunzi wa mnzake." Ntchito za makumi chatha kwambiri utoto mfundo, amene achepetsa malowedwe awo ndi phindu luso. ndakatulo wake wakhala achilendo wakutemwa, boma changu anasonyeza momveka bwino ndiponso mogwira mtima. Nkhondo itatha, iye amasankha mfundo yaikulu ya ntchito yake - ichi ndi moyo ndi zokumana nazo za anthu wamba. Msilikali, mwana wa msodzi, mlimi - wolemba ndakatulo amafuna kukuuzani zakukhosi kwawo chokonda Mama, kuzindikiridwa kwa a kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma mphamvu zazikulu za anthu ndi chilungamo.

Prose Tikhonov

Kuwonjezera ndakatulo, iye analemba Tihonov Nikolay zambiri prose, ndi ena nkhani yochepa ndi essays ali opambana mphamvu ya mawu ake kwa talente. prose wake - yotsimikizika kubwerera ku maloto ubwana ndi yamunthu. Choncho, nkhani "Vamberi" limanena za Zopatsa wa Orientalist ndi wapaulendo. Ena mwa nkhani zake komanso mabuku amafanana Rudyard Kipling. Tikhonov amamuchititsa kulankhula za maiko ena za nkhondo chilungamo, kotero ntchito zake imeneyo kwambiri mphamvu maphunziro, ndipo nthawi zambiri kuwerenga sukulu. Munthawi ya moyo wake lofalitsidwa zopereka isanu ndi iwiri ya nkhani yochepa ndi mabuku, ndi lodziwika kwambiri anali "lumbira mu Chifunga," "The Leningrad nkhani", "kawiri Rainbow". M'zaka khumi zapitazo Tikhonov analemba kukumbukira iwo anatuluka mu buku lotchedwa "The Wolemba ndi nyengo ya" mu 1972. Chidwi kwambiri cholowa chake journalistic. Ntchito nyengo nkhondo, kuyenda essays m'buku "oyendayenda" limatiuza za ungwazi anthu wamba, kuthetsa okha m'dzina la maganizo.

Mphotho ndiponso achita

Tihonov Nikolay mobwerezabwereza ananenera boma la USSR kwa ntchito yake kukonda dziko. Iye ndi munthu yekhayo amene, kupatula Li Brezhnev anali kupereka kwa Lenin Prize ndi mayiko Lenin Prize "mtendere pakati pa anthu." Mu 1966, iye anali woyamba kulemba analandira udindo aulemu a Hero wa Socialist Labor. katatu kupereka wa Stalin Prize, iye anali katatu amaitcha ndi Order la Lenin, Order ya Red Chabwino ya October kuukira boma, nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Labour Red Chabwino. Nikolai Semenovich analinso wolandira wa mphoto ambiri, kuphatikizapo mayiko, kawiri analandira State Prize.

malo onse

Nikolay Semenovich Tihonov moyo wonse wakhala nkhoswe momasuka mphamvu Soviet. Iye kuimba zolinga zake mu mawu ake, komanso nthandala zosiyanasiyana pagulu. Iye anathandiza mzere chipani nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism, koma silinachirikize zinadziwika yolimbana Akhmatova ndi Zoshchenko ndipo analipira chifukwa cha utsogoleri wa Union of Writers. Koma mu 1973 iye anali m'gulu la olemba ena anasaina kalatayi kuti muzilowa mlandu Sakharov ndi Solzhenitsyn ndi odana ndi Soviet ntchito.

moyo

Nikolai Tikhonov, amene yonena amadziwika akuluakulu kulenga ndi zotsika makhalidwe abwino, moyo wotukuka kwambiri, yosamalira kupewa mavuto ambiri amene akudikira andakatulo ena panjira mu mabuku. Iye anali wokhoza kuti kudutsa nkhondo anayi, koma musakhale wavulala. Iye anali abwenzi ndi olemba zambiri nthawi, ngakhale pambuyo manyazi a nyumba yake ikhoza nthawi zonse M.Zoshchenko ndi kupeza chidwi wochezeka. mnzake wokhulupirika wa ndakatulo iyi anali Mariya Konstantinovna Nesluhovskaya. Iye anali wojambula kwa zaka zambiri ntchito mu chidole zisudzo. Mkazi wake anali ndi mphamvu pa chitukuko cha Tikhonov Ndipotu iye ankachita nawo chitukuko komanso maphunziro omwe iye sakanakhoza kulowa. awiri akhalira limodzi kwa zaka zoposa 50. Ana banjalo ayi. Mu 1975, Maria Konstantinovna anamwalira ndipo anasiya ndi Nikolai Semenovich zaka zinayi. ndakatulo iyi anaikidwa mu manda ku Peredelkino. Iwo chikutchedwa munjila Makhachkala.