Mikhail Zoshchenko: moyo, zilandiridwenso. Nkhani ana

Zoshchenko Mikhail Mikhailovich, wotchuka Russian Wolemba Wolemba wina, anabadwa mu 1894, July 29, (monga ena amanena, mu 1895), St. Petersburg. bambo ake anali wojambula oyendayenda, ndi mayi wake - katswiri wa zisudzo. Choyamba tikambirana za mmene kunali moyo wolemba, Mikhail Zoshchenko. Wambiri anapereka pansipa limafotokoza zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamoyo wake. Kulankhula za izo, ife titembenukira kwa malongosoledwe a Mikhail Mikhailovich.

Maphunziro zolimbitsa thupi ndi mu St. Petersburg Institute

Makolo mu 1903, adapereka mwana wake kuphunzira pa St. Petersburg sukulu chiwerengero 8. Michael Zoshchenko, amene yonena akhoza kulengedwanso kuphatikizapo pamaziko a zokumbukira zake ndi ntchito, kuwauza za zaka zimenezo, ananena kuti anaphunzira zoipa kwambiri, makamaka mu chinenero cha Chirasha. Kulemba mayeso, iye anali mmodzi. Komabe, Mikhail limanena kuti ngakhale nthawi imeneyi, ankafuna kukhala wolemba. Koma yekha kulenga Mikhail Zoshchenko nkhani ndi ndakatulo.

Moyo zina paradoxical. Anayamba ankalemba pa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, tsogolo wotchuka wolemba - ndi laggard kwambiri m'kalasi wophunzira wa Chirasha! Underachievement zimawoneka zachilendo kwa iye. Zoschenko Mihail Mihaylovich ananena kuti pa nthawi imeneyi ngakhale ankafuna kudzipha. Komabe, tsogolo la izo awasungira.

Nditamaliza maphunziro mu 1913, wolemba tsogolo anapita kukaphunzira ku St. Petersburg University, mphamvu ya Chilamulo. Patatha chaka sanali kupereka chindapusa tuition, iye anachotsedwa kumeneko. Zoshchenko kupita ku ntchito. Iye anayamba ntchito pa Caucasus bwana njanji panjira.

yankhondo

moyo chizolowezi ankafunika ndi First World nkhondo. Michael anaganiza tipezekemo usilikali. Choyamba iye anakhala cadet m'gulu ndipo anapita Pavlovsk usilikali School, ndiye maphunziro zinayi mwezi maphunziro tima, anapita kutsogolo.

Zoshchenko ananena kuti analibe maganizo dziko lawo, iye sanakhoze basi kukhala nthawi yaitali pamalo amodzi. Pa utumiki Komabe, Mikhail yagoletsa. Iye anali nawo nkhondo zambiri, iye gassed, anavulala. Anayamba nawo ndewu ndi udindo wa chizindikiro, Zoshchenko kale mkulu anachotsedwa ndikusunga (chifukwa - zotsatira za poyizoni mpweya). Komanso anali kupereka ndi 4 mendulo kwa Inagwira usilikali.

Bwererani Petrograd

Mikhail, anabwerera Petrograd, anakumana ndi vv-Kerbits Kerbitskoy, mkazi wakeyu. Pambuyo pa February utasintha Zoshchenko anaikidwa mutu wa wanthambo ndi mail, komanso mkulu wa Main Post Office. Wotsatira unali ulendo Arkhangelsk, ntchito msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja brigade, komanso chisankho cha Mikhail Mikhailovich alembi bwalo regimental.

The utumiki mu Red Army

Komabe, moyo wamtendere ndi linasokonekera kachiwiri - nthawi imeneyi ndi ulimi ndi zotsatira nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Mikhail Mikhailovich anatumiza kutsogolo. Mongodzipereka, analowa Red Army (mu January 1919). Ali ngati msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja regimental wa Regiment wa osauka a kumudzi. Zoshchenko nawo nkhondo za Narva ndi Yamburg ndi Bulak-Balakhovich. Nditadwala mtima, Mikhail Mikhailovich anayenera demobilize ndi kubwerera ku Petrograd.

Zoshchenko mu nthawi kuchokera 1918 mpaka 1921 anali m'malo mwa unyinji wa ntchito. Ndiyeno, iye analemba kuti anayesa dzanja lake pa za 10-12 ntchito. Iye anagwira ntchito ndi wapolisi, ndipo kalipentala, ndipo yokonza nsapato, ndi nthumwi za Wachifwamba Investigation Dipatimenti.

Moyo zaka mtendere

Wolemba mu January 1920, umapulumuka imfa ya mayi. Chaka chomwecho ukwati wake monga Kerbits-Kerbitskoy. Pamodzi ndi izo, iye amayendapo pa msewu. B. Zelenin. Banja Zoschenko mwana Valery anabadwa mu May 1922. Mikhail Mikhailovich mu 1930 seconded pamodzi ndi gulu la olemba ku doko la zombo zapanyanja Baltic.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse

Mikhail Zoshchenko pa chiyambi cha nkhondo analemba mawu mu anapempha Kukalembedwa iye Red Army. Komabe, anakana - izo chimatengedwa ngati osayenera usilikali. Zoshchenko kunyamula ndi ntchito odana lopondereza si nkhondo. Iwo amalenga odana ndi nkhondo nkhani satirical ndi kufalitsa iwo mu nyuzipepala, kutumiza kwa Radio. Mu 1941, mu October, iye anasamutsidwa kuti Alma-Ata, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi anakhala wantchito wa "Mosfilm", ntchito mu dipatimenti situdiyo sewero.

chizunzo

Zoshchenko mu 1943 anaitanidwa kuti Moscow. Apo iye anapereka kutenga malo a "ng'ona" mkonzi. Komabe, Mikhail akukana kupereka. Komabe, iye ndi membala wa gulu la mkonzi wa "ng'ona." Kunja, zonse zikuwoneka bwino. Koma patapita kanthawi pa mutu wa Mikhail kuyamba kunadetsa thicken mitambo: izo kuchotsedwa bolodi nyuzipepala, kuti atichotsa kuchokera m'mahotela, mosatsata chakudya. Kupitiriza kuzunzidwa. Tikhonov N. S. pa ssp plenum ngakhale akuukira Zoshchenko nkhani "lisanatuluke." Wolemba pafupifupi ayi kusindikiza, koma anayambitsa mu 1946 ndi gulu la mkonzi wa "nyenyezi."

August 14, 1946 - ndi apotheosis wa amazipotokola zake zonse ndi motsatana. Izo ndiye masamba kusankha Komiti chapakati cha CPSU (b) a magazini "Leningrad" ndi "Star". Pambuyo Zoshchenko achotsedwa Writers 'Union, komanso mosatsata makadi chakudya. Panthawi imeneyi chifukwa kuukira anali zonyozeka ndithu - nkhani ana Zoshchenko wotchedwa "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha nyani." magazini onse, kufalitsa nyumba ndi malo pambuyo lamulo amapha mgwirizano anamaliza mwa iwo kale, napempha kuti abwerenso patsogolo analipira. Banja Zoschenko masoka. Iye anakakamizika kukhala moyo pa anapeza kuchokera kugulitsa katundu ndalama. Wolemba amafuna kuti gulu shoemakers. Loonetsa khadi pamapeto pake anabwerera. Komanso, Michael Zoshchenko limafalitsa nkhani satires (ndithu zonse). Komabe, kuti moyo pa nthawi imeneyi n'kofunika mbali yaikulu yomasulira.

Mikhail Zoshchenko amalowerera achire okha Writers 'Union pambuyo imfa Stalin. chochitika A kwambiri amapezeka June 23, 1953 - wolemba kukonzanso anavomereza kuti Union. Komabe, si mapeto. Mikhail Mikhailovich mwachidule anakwanitsa nthawi ino kukhala membala.

May 5, 1954 kunali chochitika fateful. Anna Akhmatova, ndipo iye anaitanidwa lero mu Nyumba ya wolemba umene ukuyenera kukhala ndi msonkhano ndi gulu la ophunzira English. Wolemba pa inanena poyera kusagwirizana kwawo zonenanena za anapezerapo kutsutsana naye. A msinkhu wa kuvutitsa akubwera pambuyo izi. Panyatwa zonsene izi zagwira sankapeza. Lofalitsidwa September 7, 1953 yakuti "Maumboni poyera choonadi" ndi udzu lomaliza. dzina wolembayo chiyani salinso otchulidwa. Pafupi miyezi iwiri zinatha anaiwalika. Komabe, Mikhail Mikhailovich mu November kupereka mgwirizano magazini awiri - "Leningrad Almanac" ndi "ng'ona." A gulu lonse la olemba limatuluka kuti nadzikanira: Chukovsky, Kaverin, Sun. Ivanov, Tikhonov. Mu 1957, mu December, anawamasulira "nkhani anasankha komanso mabuku 1923-1956 gg.". Komabe, thupi ndi maganizo boma la wolemba likuipiraipira. A kuchepa lakuthwa mu mphamvu zake kupita ku kasupe 1958 Zoshchenko wasiya kukonda moyo.

imfa Zoschenko

July 22, 1958 anamwalira Mikhail Zoshchenko. Ngakhale pambuyo pa imfa thupi lake chinaperekedwa ku manyazi: izo sanapatsidwe chilolezo kuti wamuika m'manda mu Leningrad. Mapulusa a wolemba lagona mu Sestroretsk.

Mikhail Zoshchenko nkhani amene anali wodzipereka kwa gawo loyamba la nkhani imeneyi, anasiya chachikulu kulenga cholowa. mayendedwe ake ngati wolemba sizinali zophweka. Tikupereka timudziwe bwino mmene kusanduka tsogolo lake kulenga. Komanso, muphunzira zimene anapanga Michael Zoshchenko nkhani ana ndi zimene mikhalidwe yawo.

njira kulenga

Zoshchenko mwachangu anayamba kulemba iye demobilized mu 1919. Zimene wake woyamba anali nkhani zolembalemba-yovuta. The "Petersburg Almanac" nkhani yake koyamba mu 1921.

Serapion abale

gulu lotchedwa "Serapion Abale" Zoshchenko anatsogolera mu 1921 kulakalaka katswiri wolemba. Gulu la mtima wosamala zotsutsa Komabe, ananena kuti pakati pawo Zoshchenko - "amphamvu ambiri" pabanjapo. Mikhail Slonimsky anatumikira ndi nusu chapakati, amene Pamilunguyo zikhulupiriro tingaphunzirepo mwambo Russian - Lermontov, Gogol, Pushkin. Zoshchenko adawopa m'mabuku "kubwezeretsa wolemekezeka," anatero Alexander Blok "Knight a nkhope Kuonongeka" ndipo anaika ziyembekezo wake mabuku wokhala ndi pathos amunamuna. Mu "Alcon" mu May 1922, anafika woyamba Almanac Serapions, lomwe linasindikizidwa nkhani ndi Mikhail Mikhailovich. A "Nkhani Nazar Ilyich, Bambo Bluebelly" - buku limene linalandira ufulu buku lake loyamba.

Kaperekedwe zilandiridwenso oyambirira

Sukulu A. P. Chehova anali palpable ntchito oyambirira a Zoshchenko. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani monga "Nsomba mkazi", "nkhondo", "Chikondi" ndi ena. Komabe, posakhalitsa anaukana. Zoshchenko ankaona malinga ndi zofuna za owerenga ano kachitidwe kakakulu ka nkhani Chekhov ndi yaifupi. Iye ankafuna kusewera mu chinenero "misewu malembedwe ... anthu." Zoshchenko kuti ndine munthu amene mongoyembekezera m'malo wolemba proletarian.

A gulu lalikulu la olemba mu 1927 analenga kulengeza losonkhanitsidwa. Pa udindo wake watsopano zolembalemba ndi zokongoletsa inali. Zoshchenko anali m'gulu la anthu amene anasaina izo. Atalemba pa nthawi ino periodicals (makamaka satirical magazini "oseka", "Hippo", "amati," "Buzoter", "Amanita", "Inspector General" ndi ena.). Komatu sikuti zonse anapita bwino. Chifukwa cha yochepa nkhani "The nkhani zosasangalatsa" M.Zoshchenko akuti "zoipa ndale" uziyenda mu June 1927 magazini chiwerengero "Hippo". Pang'onopang'ono izo wopereka liquidation wa mtundu uwu wa mabuku. Mu Leningrad mu 1930 chinatsekedwa ndipo "Inspector", yotsirizira ndi satirical magazini. Komabe, Mikhail sanafooke ndi kusankha kupitiriza kugwira ntchito.

mbali ziwiri za kutchuka

Ku magazini "ng'ona" iye collaborates kuyambira 1932. Panthawi imeneyi, Mikhail Zoshchenko akusonkhanitsa mfundo buku lake lotchedwa "Kubweranso kwa unyamata", komanso mabuku kuphunzira mankhwala, psychoanalysis ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa. ntchito zake kale odziwika bwino, ngakhale mu West. Komabe, kutchuka kwa uyu anali ndi mavuto. Mu Germany mu 1933, Zoshchenko mabuku poyera malinga ndi Hitler Mallu blacklist anthu.

ntchito watsopano

Mu USSR, nthawi yomweyo iwo osindikizidwa ndi kuikidwa pa siteji sewero lanthabwala Michael Zoshchenko "Cultural Heritage". "Blue Book", mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri mabuku ake, lofalitsidwa kuyambira mu 1934. Kuwonjezera mabuku, nkhani yochepa ndi kumayimba Zoshchenko analembanso satires komanso mabuku mbiri ( "Taras Shevchenko", "Kerensky", "chilangonso" "Black Prince", etc.). Komanso, amalenga nkhani ana ( "Anzeru Zinyama", "Agogo Mphatso", "Mtengo wa Khirisimasi", etc.).

Ana nkhani Zoshchenko

Mikhail Zoshchenko walemba nkhani ana ambiri a. Iwo zinasindikizidwa mu nthawi kuchokera 1937 mpaka 1945. Awa, ena anali ntchito payekha, pamene ena anali ogwirizana m'zinthu. Zolimbikitsa "Lola ndi Minka" amakonda kutchuka kwambiri.

Mu 1939 - 1940. Mikhail Zoshchenko adapanga ichi mndandanda wa ntchito. Kapangidwe ake motere nkhani m'gulu: "mawu Golden," "apaulendo lalikulu", "Pezani", "zaka makumi atatu," "samanama", "galoshes ndi ayisikilimu," "Agogo a Mphatso", "Mtengo wa Khirisimasi". Osati mwangozi kuti zimawathandiza mkombero umodzi, Mikhail Zoshchenko. An Baibulo abridged wa mankhwala amenewa amatsogolera kunena kuti chinthu wamba, womwe ndi mafano a m'nkhaniyi. Ndi Minka ang'ono ndi Lola, mlongo wake.

nkhaniyi ku nkhope ya owerenga a. chifaniziro chake palibe zochepa zosangalatsa kuposa ngwazi za nkhani Mihaila Zoschenko. Ichi ndi wamkulu amene amakumbukira nkhani zothandiza ndi azithunzithunzi kuyambira ali mwana. Onani kuti pakati pa wolemba ndi owerenga ndi zofanana (ngakhale dzina la yemweyo, ndipo pali umboni wa ntchito wolemba). Mpaka mwamwayi wathunthu koma Kodi sangafikire. ndi owerenga ndi zimasiyana wolemba. fomu iyi akutchedwa mabuku ofotokozera nthano. Iye anali okhudzidwa mabuku ya Soviet Union 20-30-ntchentche. Pa nthawi iyi, chikhalidwe chonse chinali chosiyana propensity kwa stylistic ndi zinenero kuyesera.

Mu nkhani imeneyi, monga ananenera S. Ya. Marshak, wolemba osati amabisa makhalidwe abwino. Iye akuyankhula za izo moona mtima onse malemba komanso nthawi zina mutu wa ntchito ( "Kodi sanama"). Komabe, nkhani za izi zisakhale didactic. Awo kupulumutsa nthabwala, nthawi zonse zosayembekezereka, makamaka kwambiri, lochitidwa Zoshchenko. Pa mtima wa nthabwala mwadzidzidzi Mikhail Mikhailovich ndi zoseketsa parody.

Today wotchuka kwambiri ndi ntchito zambiri zimene zinalembedwa ndi Mikhail Zoshchenko. mabuku ake ku sukulu, iwo amakondedwa ndi ana ndi akulu omwe. Njira mabuku ake sizinali zophweka, monga, ndithudi, ndi tsogolo la olemba ena ambiri ndi ndakatulo m'nthawi ya Soviet Union. Twentieth Century - nthawi yovuta mu mbiriyakale, koma ngakhale pa nkhondo pakhala ntchito zambiri kuti akhala zapamwamba za mabuku Russian. Wambiri lalikulu wolemba Mikhail Zoshchenko mkota pa ife chiyembekezo zinandichititsa chidwi chanu pa ntchito yake.