Serapion Abale: mbiri ndi zithunzi

Pambuyo pa October ndi February kusintha zimene kufalitsidwa dziko yaikulu zosiyana, maluwa mofulumira a mitundu yonse chimakono zaluso inayamba mu Russia. Zolembalemba gulu "Serapion Abale" sunakhalitse Komabe, unakhudzadi kwambiri mu mbiri ya mabuku, ndipo mu moyo wa aliyense wa anthu ake. Manyazi a "Serapion" anakhala nawo mpaka mapeto a masiku. Mu 1920s oyambirira icho chinali chimodzi cha mayanjano wotchuka zolembalemba, pa gulu ake anali olemba monga Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Lev Luntz, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Slonimsky. Zamanyazi m'chizimezime, achinyamata Soviet prose mwamsanga kutenthedwa, "Serapion Abale" anali koma pounikira njira zatsopano olemba ena ambiri.

prehistory

Mu 1919, pamene akufalitsa nyumba "World Literature" analengedwa zolembalemba Translation situdiyo. Koma posakhalitsa, msonkhano wa achinyamata amene anabwera kuphunzira luso limeneli, anayamba kukhala wopambana kwambiri. Kuyankhula za mabuku, luso la wolemba ndi akamanena za luso zimakhala zili chachikulu cha msonkhano. Posakhalitsa, akusinthika ku situdiyo zolembalemba. The E ya gulu lake linali Nikolai Gumilyov, ndi kasamalidwe analanda Chukovski. Andrey Bely, N. Zamyatin, Chukovsky, Gumilev, Shklovsky anali imachitika pa misonkhano semina ndi nkhani. chiwerengero cha otsatira shirilos ndipo mu 1920 anali anthu 350. Writers, amene anali kwambiri mu situdiyo, wosiyana ndi adalenga gulu "Serapion Abale". Mamembala a ubale analimbikira kuti iwo sali pasukulu zolembalemba, koma gulu la anthu ofufuza zolakwika, olemba ndi ndakatulo, yogwirizana ndi maganizo ofanana pa zili luso.

Poetics dzina kucheza zolembalemba

Ngati si buku la nkhani yochepa "Serapion Abale" (HOFFMANN), limene kwa nthawi yaitali atagona pa gome wofalitsa, dzina la Commonwealth of olemba wamng'ono akhoza kukhala osiyana. Komabe, kunapezeka kuti chizitsatira mfundo zikuluzikulu za gulu. Mu bukhu HOFFMANN munali 22 nkhani, limafotokoza nkhani ya anzanga misonkhano pambuyo kulekana yaitali. Mmodzi wa iwo akuuza anakumana ndi Chiwerengero misala yemwe Akukhulupirira chikhalidwe zachiphamaso za zenizeni. Chokana zenizeni, kusamalira ufulu zilandiridwenso dziko amapanga lingaliro zikuluzikulu za ntchito imeneyi, ndi bwino kufotokoza zolinga za olemba achinyamata.

olemba ndi ndani? "Abale Serapion": mndandanda wa gulu

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa kulenga ake, phwando mu gulu zolembalemba anthu atsopano idaleka. The choyamba - ndi mndandanda otsiriza gulu wakhala moyo imeneyi mu chithunzi mu 1921. Iye losindikizidwa Lev Luntz, Nikolai Nikitin, Mikhail Slonimsky, Ilya Gruzdev, Konstantin Fedin, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Elizabeth Polonskaya, Nikolai Tikhonov. Pafupifupi kuti iwo anatitengera ku gulu. Akatswiri ena ali mwa ophunzira ndipo Viktora Shklovskogo, ngakhale ankaona ntchito yake kunja ulamuliro wa mayanjano iliyonse.

The zili misonkhano Serapions

Zolembalemba gulu "Serapion Abale" malo a misonkhano yawo kusankha chipinda Slonimsky. chifaniziro chake ngakhale unakhala chizindikiro cha gululo. otsutsa zolembalemba amavomereza kuti msonkhano zinachitika pa Loweruka, ngakhale kwenikweni kumbali kukumana ndi Tsiku lina la sabata. Pa misonkhano, timawerenga ntchito za gululi, zimene anakambirana mwatsatanetsatane ndi wouma. Writers akhapokanyisana pyakuti luso, kuganizira njira yatsopano ya chitukuko cha mabuku. Mukhoza kuona nokha kuti zokambirana anali mkangano maganizo.

kuchoka Almanac

Yekha olowa zosonkhanitsira Serapions linatuluka mu 1922. Iye anamasulidwa mu Russia, ndipo kenako mu Berlin, wodzilemekeza ndi Article I. Gruzdev "nkhope ndi maonekedwe." Ngakhale pamaso kutulutsidwa kwa anthology ntchito ndi abale a "Serapion Abale" anali odziwika mu mabwalo zolembalemba. Pakati admirers awo wosasamala Gorky, ndipo zimenezi zimaonekera kwa makalata ake ndi Shklovsky. Iye anali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi kutulutsidwa zatsopano, napatsa zizindikiro kwambiri.

Zinali zambiri adaletsa Tynyanov. M'nkhani yake yakuti "Serapion abale. Almanac Ine »akulongosola deta monga chinthu choyamba Akudzandira, sikuti pali yomalizidwa kwambiri nkhani (osati nthawi zonse kuchita ntchito yabwino). Wolimbikitsa "momveka wokongola" M. Kuzmin palimodzi disapprovingly anayankha za anthology analemba nkhani Serapions 1920 kale inatha mu 1922.

abale nicknames

Poyamba, msonkhano "Serapion Abale" mwamphamvu zinkafanana msonkhano wa "Society wa Arzamas anthu osadziwika", kulumikizanitsa olemba bwalo Pushkin a. Kuyambira pamenepo, lingaliro nicknames zoseketsa watengedwa, omwe anali olemba moyo. Ena mwa iwo anatchula Vladimir Posner mu kalata A. M. Remizovu. I. Gruzdev analitcha "M'bale Abbot," Nikitin - "m'bale canonarch" LA Luntz - "m'bale minstrel" B. Posner - "mng'ono", Shklovsky - ". Mbale kicker" Popanda nicknames anali Zamyatin, Zoshchenko ndi N. Chukovsky. misonkhano zambiri ankabwera Akhmatova, Boris Annenkov, AI Odoyevtseva ndi ena. Iwo nawo zokambirana ndi kutsutsana, ngakhale anaphatikiza m'gulu. Komanso, kunalinso "Institute serapionovskih atsikana" M'gululi M. Alonkina, Li Sazonov, Z. Gatskevich (kenako mkazi Nikitin), I. Kaplan-Ingel (kenako mkazi Slonim).

Lev Luntz ndi "Serapion Abale"

Achinyamata 20 wazaka Lev Luntz wakhala mtsogoleri zosavomerezeka kwa gulu. Anzeru, nthawi zonse mumangidwa amazipanga luso - mu msonkhano woyamba Serapions anali "kutenthetsa" anzawo. Luntz wakhala zaka 23 zokha, koma anakwanitsa kusiya chizindikiro chake m'mitima ya olemba. Lunts mbiri yamoyo analemba Gorky, N. Berberova, Tynyanov, Fedin. Iye ankatchedwa "mnyamata faun" akuwaza pa m'mphepete mphamvu ya mnyamata uyu wodzazidwa kumisonkhano yonse ya gulu lotchedwa "Serapion Abale". Zolembalemba Association anamusankha kukhala mtsogoleri lingaliro. Mnyamatayu ngakhale afuna kudzipeleka yachokera Koma analibe nthawi kuchita izi.

Pakutha 20 ntchentche wa zilandiridwenso Lunz analandira manyazi kukoma monga kwambiri odana Soviet ndi reactionary, ndi zambiri za izo sizinali lofalitsidwa. Chifukwa ngati mtima onse akhoza kumva ngati kuwerenga ndi Article Lunz "N'chifukwa" Serapion Abale ", yemwe anakhala Ndondomeko ya kagulu. Mu izo, iye akuti mfundo za ufulu wa zilandiridwenso, moyo popanda malangizo ndi malamulo.

Tsoka la ukwati

Pakuti boma la Soviet kwa gulu osadalira pa olemba anali oipa kwambiri. Mu 1922, m'magazini ya "zolembalemba Mfundo" anali essays autobiographical Serapions. Patatha izi, ndawala lonse kwa kulekana kwa olemba lotsogoleredwa ndi Lunacharsky ndi Trotsky anayima. ntchito chinakhazikitsidwa bwino: zilamulire gulu. Amene amavomereza kuti kumvera akuluakulu, chinalengedzedwa kuti ntchito zawo adzakhala kusindikizidwa. Pakuti wolemba Soviet kale wopambana kwambiri. Ena mwa Serapions analowa munalidi gulu "Circle", umene wakhalapo kwa ndalama masewera.

Pang'onopang'ono mpingo anakhala zambiri osowa. Mwalamulo, gulu inasokonekera sanali kugwirizana pakati pa ziwalo zake anakhalabe moyo. Komabe, usiku chikumbutso Zoscheko salinso anabwera mu 1926. Mpaka 1929, kusonkhana "Serapion Abale" akadali kusonkhezera mu mabwalo mabuku. Mkubwela kwa Union of Writers kuli kucheza aliyense palokha anali, onse, wakhala zosatheka.

Ngakhale mbiri yake kochepa, gulu "Serapion Abale" anali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu mabuku Russian wa XX atumwi. Ku malo ake anasiya angapo olemba kwambiri, ndi mmene unakhudzadi kwambiri umboni ndi chakuti mu 1946 ziwalo zake zinayamba otchulidwa wotchuka Zhdanov lamulo. Choncho, patapita zaka zambiri kugwa kwa dzanja Soviet chilango ali olemba osaweruzika, anagunda Zoshchenko, Tikhonov ndi Slonimsky chiwerengero cha ziletso prohibitive.