Ivan Kotlyarevsky, "Aeneid": mbiri ya kulemba ndi ndemanga

Modern Chiyukireniya chinenero mwina analipo ngati osati Ivan Kotlyarevsky, amene analemba chodabwitsa zoseketsa ndakatulo "Aeneid." Chifukwa cha ichi mankhwala a chinenero cha miyoyo ya anthu Chiyukireniya potsiriza kunditumiza ku tsamba buku. Koma osati kuti anakopeka "Aeneid" owerenga, ndi nkhani yosangalatsa ndi mokondwera ndi kowala otchulidwa bwino zinalembedwa.

Ivan Kotlyarevsky: yochepa yonena

Anabadwa Ivan Petrovich Kotlyarevsky mu Poltava, mu banja la ofesi kalaliki, mu September 1769.

Pamene mnyamatayo anali khumi, iye anatumizidwa kukaphunzira ku seminale. Ataphunzira Ivan Kotlyarevsky yopezera zofunika pa moyo mwa kupereka pandekha mbewu ya olemekezeka m'deralo. Patapita kanthawi, iye anapambana mpando Poltava Office ndi ntchito kumeneko kwa zaka zinayi.

Pa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo Kotlyarevsky nawo mbali pa kuzinga Ismail ndipo ngakhale kupereka ndi Mendulo aulemu. Nkhondo itatha, iye anapuma ndipo anabwerera ku Poltava.

Pamene Ivan Petrovich mmasate, anali atalandira Ranger mu imodzi ya masukulu Poltava ana ku losauka mabanja achifumu amene sangathe kulipira maphunziro awo sekondale woyenera malo awo.

Pa nkhondo Franco-Russian wa 1812 Kotlyarevsky nawo mbali pa chitetezo cha Poltava, kupeza chilolezo bungwe magulu a m'deralo achinyamata Cossack Regiment.

Nkhondo itatha anakhala chidwi zisudzo. Mu 1816 iye anali mtsogoleri wa Free Theatre Poltava. Chifukwa chosowa repertoire wamakhalidwe anayamba kulemba. Choncho ndalama ziwiriyo anadzanso ku cholembera chake: "Natalka Poltavka" ndi "Moskal Charіvnik".

Pa zaka 69 anamwalira Kotlyarevsky. Kumizidwa mu Poltava.

Mbiri ya kulemba "Aeneid"

Ngakhale nthawi ya utumiki wake wa asilikali pa Ivan Petrovich ankadziwa kulemba ndakatulo za Cossacks. Kudziwa bwino mabukuwo chakale, komanso okhala kwambiri talente nyimbo, ndinaganiza zochokera nkhani "The Aeneid" wolemba ndakatulo wachiroma Virgil kulenga ntchito zawo Kotlyarevsky.

Zaka "Aeneid" Virgil ndi ochepa kale kale m'chinenero cha ku Russia mu m'malo ufulu wamasiku Russian wolemba Nikolai Osipov, zomwe anauziridwa Kotlyarevskogo. Komabe, Ivan anatembenuzira ngwazi Eneya mu Cossack, ndi ndakatulo kwambiri olembedwa chitachitika mawu wamba, imene mabuku Chiyukireniya palibe wina pamaso pake sanatero.

Mu 1798, ku St. Petersburg adaona kuwala kwa woyamba magawo atatu a ndakatuloyi. "Aeneid" Kotlyarevskogo yomweyo zinatchuka nkhani yake osati, komanso zokometsera nthabwala, amene ndakatulo mowolowa manja aziwapatsa ntchito yake anakopeka owerenga. Komanso, achiyankhulo Chiyukireniya, zinali zosowa za anthu Chirasha wa dziko.

Kwathunthu ndakatulo sanali lofalitsidwa mpaka pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo mu 1842. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zomalizira kalembedwe ndi nthabwala wosiyana woyamba, amaona wina "kukhwima" Kotlyarevskogo.

"Aeneid": chidule cha loyamba, lachiwiri ndi lachitatu mbali

Mu gawo loyamba la wolimba Cossack Eneya pambuyo kuwonongedwa kwa mbadwa ya Troy malangizo a mayi ake, mulungu wamkazi Venus (bambo wake mochedwa kale anamuthandiza kupambana akangane yaikazi zina) chitumidwa kwa Trojans m'dziko latsopano kukhazikitsa ufumu wake. Komabe, Juno, Eneya kudana banja (iye anali mwa otayika a mulungu wamkazi Venus), akuyesera kukonza ngwazi onse zoipa. Koma Venus, anadandaula kuti bambo ake Zeus amvela kuti Eneya zoyembekezeka tsogolo lalikulu - adzakhala tate wa ufumu Waukulu.

Nthawiyi Eneya ndi anzake atafika ku Carthage, kumene ikuthamangira Cossack imagwera mfumukazi Dido. Mu mikono yake ngwazi za amaiwala zonse ndi za kale chisoni ndi tsogolo kwambiri. Ndiye Zeus amutumizila Mercury, amene amakakamiza Eneya kusiya wokondedwa. Dido, sangathe kubala mwala amenewa, wodzipha yekha.

Mu gawo lachiwiri la Juno kuchenjerera Trojan chimapangitsa akazi kuwotcha zombo, pamene amuna phwando Sicily. Komabe, milungu kutumiza mvula pempho la Eneya, ndi zombo anakhalabe wawo. Posachedwa maloto amabwera kwa Eneya mochedwa atate wake Anchises ndipo anapempha kuti aone iye mu gehena.

Mu gawo lachitatu la Eneya atafufuza yaitali ndipo ndi thandizo la Sibyl ndi njira yopita ku gehena. Atakawona zoopsa zonse za pansi pa nthaka ndipo anakumana ndi moyo wa muno akufa, ndi Dido ndi bambo ake, ngwazi mphatso za mtengo wapatali ndi maulosi yabwino anapita kachiwiri.

"Æneid" Chidule cha wachinayi, wachisanu ndi chimodzi mbali (olembedwa kwambiri kenako)

Mu mbali yachinayi ya Eneya matanga ku chilumba mfumu Latina. Apa iye amayamba naye pa ubwenzi, ndipo akukonza kupereka kwa zabwino latsopano mnansi mwana wake wamkazi wokongola Lavinia. Koma mukakhala bwenzi atsikana - Mfumu Thurn - ndi thandizo la ubiquitous Juno akuyamba nkhondo ndi Latina. Pakali pano, sioneka kuchenjerera wamkazi amakhazikitsa mkazi Latina motsutsa Trojans, ndipo akukonzekera nkhondo.

Mu mbali yachisanu ya Venus akunyengerera mulungu-wosula Vulcan kupanga chida chachikulu kwa Eneya. Kuwina nkhondo, Trojans akufunsa thandizo kwa mtundu wapafupi. Juno akuchenjeza Turna kuyamba nthawi Eneya kuukira. A awiri Trojan ankhondo - Pansi ndi Euryalus - mobisa zimalowa msasa wa adani ndi kumupha adani ambiri, motero kudzipha okha. Posachedwapa Trojans kusamalira kulipira Turna ndege.

Mu gawo lotsiriza la ndakatuloyi, Zeus amadziwa za antics wa milungu, ndipo amaletsa iwo zisamakulepheretseni ku tsogolo la Eneya. Komabe, Juno, Zeus anadza kwa mwamuna wake, ataledzera ndi wosakaniza iye. Ndipo akachoka zidule kupulumutsidwa ku ulendo chitayiko. Eneya akugwirizana ndi Thurn ndi Latin pa nkhondo chilungamo, amene ayenera kudziwa zotsatira za nkhondo. Juno akuyesetsa kuwononga Eneya, koma Zeus limagwira ake ndi loletsa kuthandizapo anafotokoza kuti pambuyo pa imfa ya Eneya, adzakhala nawo paphiri la Olympus. Eneya akugonjetsa Turnus moona patapita mukukayikira wamupha.

Otchulidwa "Aeneid"

The ngwazi chachikulu cha ndakatulo ndi mwana wa Venus ndi Anchises mfumu ya Troy - Eneya. Iye anali wolimba Cossack, wolimba mtima, anatsimikiza wankhondo waluso, koma iye sanali mlendo kwa anthu ofooka. Choncho, Eneya si mantha kuti amwe ndi miyendo ndi anzanu. Ndi atengeke kukongola chosalimba. Chibwenzi ndi mfumukazi Dido, Eneya amaiwala zonse. Koma kenako mosavuta kuponyera mkulu wa milungu. Ngakhale zolakwa zake zonse, pamene muyenera, Eneya akhoza kusonyeza ndiponso kukambirana, ndi pothana. Kuti ndi ndakatulo lonse "Aeneid" chamangidwa kuzungulira khalidwe.

anthu ena si wowala mu ndakatuloyi. Mwachitsanzo, mu mawonekedwe a Dido ophatikizidwa mkazi tingachipeze powerenga. Iye ndi wochenjera, zosangalatsa ndiponso olimbikira ntchito, koma anasiya mkazi wamasiye maloto phewa la munthu wolimba. Popeza anagwira mtima wa Eneya, mfumukazi anayamba kuchita zinthu ngati mkazi comedies: nsanje ndi ankawazazira iye.

mafumu Latin ndi Thurn ndi zilembo zosiyana. Choyamba adyera komanso wamantha, kuyesetsa kupewa nkhondo mwa onse. Lachiwiri, pa mwake, molimba, kumusangalatsa ndi odzikuza. Chifukwa cha bombast ichi mosavuta zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito Juno.

Chidwi kwambiri ndi khalidwe Latina mkazi - Mfumukazi Amata. Mkazi chikufanana Turnu - yemweyo wonyada ndi kumusangalatsa. Koma iye amazipanga anzeru ndi kuchenjerera. Komabe, ngati Dido, kugwa m'chikondi, amayamba kukonda kupusa.

Lodziwika ndi zilembo za ziwiri Trojans Cossacks - Nisa ndi Euryale. Kudzimana miyoyo yawo, iwo aononga kwambiri adani. N'zotheka kuti chilengedwe cha mafanowo ntchito chokumbukira Chirasha Turkey nkhondo Kotlyarevsky.

"Aeneid" sitingayembekeze popanda munkhaniyi milungu. The oyamba ndi gulu la mulungu wamkazi wamkulu Juno Olympus - mdani waukulu Eneya. Iye amadana mtima wanga onse protagonist, kulota laimu wake. Pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga chake, Juno wokonzeka kuchita chilichonse ndipo analibe ngakhale kuyima motsimikizira amaletsa mwamuna. Komabe, ngakhale artifices ake onse, Ulosi umenewu unakwaniritsidwa pa Eneya.

heroine wina wamkazi "Aeneid" - Venus. Kukhala m'malo wosadziletsa, mulungu wamkazi Choncho khalidwe ngati weniweni wachikondi mayi. Iye amapita amayesetsa kuthandiza Eneya ake: amatsutsa Juno, Volcano nyambo ndi zina payekha ndi Zeu.

Zeus mu "Aeneid" akufotokozedwa ngati mtsogoleri chikhalidwe - amakonda kumwa ndi kumasuka. Ngakhale machenjezo ake, mulungu wamkazi kawirikawiri kumumvera, akuyesera kuti zopatuka zake, mothandizidwa ndi ziphuphu ndi kugwirizana.

Translation "Aeneid" mu Russian

Masiku ano, pali mtsutso kwambiri kaya chinenero limene linalembedwa "Aeneid" Kotlyarevskogo. Choncho, anthu ena molakwa kuti Ivan Petrovich analemba ndakatulo yake yoyamba mu Russian, ndipo anachitira kusinthika. "Aeneid" Komabe, kwenikweni anali olembedwa Chiyukireniya (Little Russia, monga iwo anati), koma ngati zilembo osiyana iye sanali kumeneko, wolemba ntchito zilembo za Russian.

Koma kumasulira zonse za "Aeneid" mu Russian Kotlyarevskogo akuyendera I. Brazhnin.

Mwa njira, sizikusokonezani ntchito Osipova ndi amene analemba Kotlyarevsky. "Aeneid" aliyense olemba za - osiyana, palokha ntchito. Komabe, polemba ndi Osipov, ndi Kotlyarevsky ntchito monga limatiphunzitsa Virgil ndakatulo.

Patapita zaka, ambiri a mawu, zochitika, zinthu, ndipo zotchulidwa mu "Aeneid" anataya kufunika kwake, ngati si kumizidwa mu chisokonezeko, kotero owerenga Baibulo masiku ano sindikumvetsa zonse zimene zafotokozedwa mu ndakatuloyi wake Kotlyarevsky. "Aeneid" Tsopano zimaoneka ngati zosangalatsa ndakatulo ndi matemberero akale. Koma iye Zatsala ndiwotani wa Ukrainians zonse, ndipo iwo okha.