Mulungu ndi chiyani? Mwana wa Mulungu

Kuchokera tsiku la maonekedwe a munthu pa dziko inali nthawi yaitali. Koma mafunso amene anazunza iye amakedzana hoary, anakhalabe. Kodi tinachokera kuti? Kodi n'chifukwa chiyani timakhala? Kodi alipo Mlengi? Mulungu ndi chiyani? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa lidzalira mosiyana malinga munthu amene anafunsa. Ngakhale sayansi yamakono sathabe kupereka umboni wa mbalume ambiri amavomereza kuti iwo sakanakhoza adakayika. Aliyense chikhalidwe amaona yakeyake chipembedzo, koma iwo amagwirizana pa chinthu chimodzi - munthu sangakhale popanda chikhulupiriro mu chinachake apamwamba.

Lingaliro onse a Mulungu

Pali m'nthano ndi achipembedzo lingaliro la Mulungu. Kuchokera kaonedwe ka zikhulupiliro mulungu umodzi ayi. Poganizira chitukuko ambiri akale (Egypt, Greece, Rome, ndi zina zotero. D.), tinganene kuti anthu osakhulupirira Mulungu mmodzi, ndi milungu yambiri. Iwo anapanga gulu. Chotero chodabwitsa asayansi kuitana yambiri. Pofotokoza zimene milungu ndi, muyenera mwachindunji amene a anthu akale ankalambira iwo. Pa izi zimatengera cholinga chawo. Aliyense wa iwo anali ndi ulamuliro pa mbali zonse (malo, madzi, chikondi, ndi zina zotero. D.). Muchipembedzo, Mulungu ndi gulu zauzimu amene ali ndi mphamvu pa aliyense ndi chirichonse chimene chimachitika mu dziko lathu. bulandi makhalidwe ake abwino zambiri mphoto mphamvu ya kulenga. Kodi Mulungu kuyankha tanthauzo lina kuli kovuta, chifukwa ndi osiyanasiyana lingaliro.

kumvetsa nzeru zaumunthu a Mulungu

Anzeruwo amanena kwa zaka za amene ali mulungu. Pali maganizo osiyanasiyana pa nkhani imeneyi. Aliyense wa sayansi anayesetsa kupereka masomphenya awo vuto. Plato ananena kuti pali malingaliro oyera amene akuganizira ife kuchokera kumwamba. Iye alinso Mlengi wa zinthu zonse. Mu nthawi ya makono ano, mwachitsanzo, Mnazareti Dekart otchedwa mulungu wokhalapo zomwe ziribe zopindika. Spinoza anati ndi chikhalidwe kuti amalenga chirichonse, koma sachita. Mu XVII m'ma rationalism wabadwa, omwe anali woimira Immanuel Kant. Anaonetsa kuti Mulungu amakhala mu mtima wa munthu kupeza zosowa zake zauzimu. Hegel ankhaimilira chabe. Mu zolemba zake, iye anatembenuka mu mtundu wina wa lingaliro la Wam'mwambamwamba, imene chitukuko chabutsa zonse zimene tikhoza kuona. The mzaka zana makumi awiri ali anakankhira ife kuzindikira kuti Mulungu ali mmodzi, ndi nzeru ena, ndi okhulupirira wamba. Koma njira imene anthu ameneŵa Mulungu, ndi zosiyana.

Mulungu Chiyuda

Chiyuda ndi chipembedzo dziko la Ayuda, omwe anakhala maziko Chikhristu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo chidwi kwambiri pa mmodzi, ndiye, mmodzi. Chiyuda imatengedwa malo Palestine. Mulungu wa Ayuda, kapena Yahweh, imatengedwa mlengi wa dziko. Adaliponya ndi anthu osankhidwa (Abraham, Mose, Isake, ndi zina zotero. D.) Ndipo anawapatsa nzeru ndi malamulo amene iwo anali kuchita. Mu Chiyuda, izo akunena kuti Mulungu ali m'modzi onse, ngakhale kwa anthu amene sakuzindikira. Zogwirizana ndi mfundo za Mulungu mmodzi mwa chipembedzo aka kanali koyamba m'mbiri inalengeza sichinasinthe. Mulungu wa Ayuda ndi wamuyaya, chiyambi ndi mapeto, Mlengi wa chilengedwe chonse. Buku loyera amazindikira Chipangano Chakale, amene analemba motsogoleredwa ndi anthu a Mulungu. tenet wina wa Chiyuda ndi kubwera kwa Mesiya, amene adzapulumutsa anthu osankhidwa chilango chosatha.

Chikhristu

Yaikulu ya Zipembedzo ndi Chikhristu. Iwo ananyamuka pakati pa Ine. N. e. mu Palestine. Poyamba Akhristu anali Ayuda okha, koma basi angapo zaka zambiri, chipembedzo ichi waphimba m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chithunzi chapakati ndi muzu wa pakuwonekera kwake anali Iisus Hristos. Koma mbiri yakale amati kovuta moyo wa anthu unachita, komanso kuli Yesu pamene sindikukana ndi wotchuka. General kaundula mu Chikhristu amaona kuti Baibulo, chomwe Chakale ndi Chatsopano. Gawo lachiwiri la buku lino woyera linalembedwa ndi ophunzira a Khristu. Limanena za moyo ndi ntchito za aphunzitsi. Mkhristu Mulungu umodzi - Mulungu amene akufuna kupulumutsa anthu onse pa nthaka kumoto lapansi. Iye walonjeza moyo wosatha m'paradaiso, ngati inu mukukhulupirira mu amutumikire. Aliyense angathe kukhulupirira, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu, msinkhu ndi m'mbuyomu. Mulungu ali anthu atatu: Atate, Mwana ndi Mzimu Woyera. Aliyense wa awa atatu ali wamphamvu yonse, wamuyaya, komanso wachifundo.

Iisus Hristos - Mwanawankhosa wa Mulungu

Monga tanena kale, Ayuda akale akuyembekezera Mesiya. Kwa Akhristu, Yesu anakhala, ngakhale Ayuda sanamuzindikire. Baibulo limatiuza kuti Kristu - Mwana wa Mulungu amene anatumidwa kuti ndipulumutse dziko lapansi ku chiwonongeko. Zonse zinayamba ndi kwachiyero CHAKUBADWA ya mnyamata Virgin Mary, amene mngelo adadza n'kumuuza kuti anasankhidwa ndi Mulungu. Pa kubadwa Kwake nyenyezi yatsopano mu mlengalenga. Yesu ali mwana anali pafupi zofanana monga kuti anzake. Only kufika zaka makumi atatu, anabatizidwa ndipo anayamba kuchita wake. Chapakati zophunzitsa zake kulimbikitsa iye anali Khristu, Mesiya, Mwana wa Mulungu. Yesu analankhula za kulapa ndi kukhululukidwa, cha chiweruzo chobwera ndi adzabwerensoyo. Iye ankachita zozizwitsa zambiri monga ngati machiritso, kuuka, anasandutsa madzi kukhala vinyo. Koma chinthu chachikulu chinali kumapeto kwa Yesu anadzipereka yekha chifukwa cha machimo a anthu padziko lonse. Iye anali wosalakwa ndipo anavutika chifukwa cha anthu onse, kotero kuti iwo anatha kutuluka mwa mwazi wa Yesu. chiwukitsiro Chake amatanthauza kugonjetsa choipa ndi mdierekezi. Iwo ankayenera kupereka chiyembekezo kwa wina aliyense amene akumufuna.

Lingaliro la Mulungu mu Islam

Islam, kapena Islam, anayambitsa m'zaka za m'ma VII, mu dera la kumadzulo kwa Arabiya. tate wake anali Mohammed, amene amachita monga mneneri wamkulu wa chipembedzo ichi. Iye analandira vumbulutso kuchokera kwa mngelo Jabrail ndipo anali kuuza anthu za izo. Liwu limene anamuululira choonadi, ndipo anaperekanso zili m'buku woyera - Korani. Mulungu Muslim amatchedwa Allah. Iye adalenga pinthu pyonsene kuti tikukhala, onse okhalapo, ndi thambo zisanu ndi Ziwiri, hade ndi kumwamba. Iye wakukhala pa mpando wachifumu wake pamwamba pa kumwamba ndi chiwiri, ndi amene amalamulira zonse zimachitika. Mulungu ndi Mulungu - Ndipotu, mmodzi ndi yemweyo, chifukwa ngati inu kumasulira mawu akuti "Allah" mu Arabic kuti Russian, tidzaona kuti phindu lake ndi "mulungu". Koma Asilamu sakuzindikira izo mwanjira imeneyo. Chifukwa iwo ali chinachake chapadera. Iye ndi munthu wamkulu, kuona ndi wosatha. Mulungu amatsitsa chidziwitso chake kudzera mwa aneneri. Pakhala naini, ndipo atatu a iwo ofanana ndi atumwi a Chikhristu, kuphatikizapo Yesu (Isa). Chinayi ndi woyeretsetsa ankaona mneneri Muhammad. Chokha chimene iye anali ulemu kutenga chidziwitso cha Koran.

Chibuda

Chachitatu dziko zipembedzo kuganizira Chibuda. Idamangidwa pa VI. BC. e. mu India. Munthu amene wafunsira chipembedzo mayina anayi, koma wotchuka kwambiri a iwo ali Buddha, kapena ankawunikiridwa wina. Koma izi si dzina, koma maganizo athu a munthu. Lingaliro la Mulungu monga Chikhristu kapena Islam, Chibuda kulibe. Chilengedwere dziko lapansi - uwu si funso kuti ayenera kusokoneza munthu. Motero, kukhalapo kwa Mulungu monga Mulengi ndi adakana. Anthu ayenera kusamalira Karma wanu ndi kukwaniritsa nirvana. Buddha amaona mosiyana malingaliro awiri osiyana. Oimira oyamba kunena za iye monga munthu amene wakhala mfumukazi nirvana. Mu Buddha chachiwiri akuganiza kuti mwini Dzharmakai - akamanena za chilengedwe chonse, limene kuzindikiritsa anthu onse.

chikunja

Pofuna kumvetsa Mulungu mu chikunja, m'pofunika kumvetsa akamanena za chiphunzitso chimenechi. Mu Chikhristu, mawu amamvedwa zipembedzo sanali Akhristu komanso amene anali makolo mu nthawi Chikristu chisanayambe. Iwo ali gawo lalikulu ndi kupembedza. Koma asayansi kuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito dzina monga kwambiri yosokoneza tanthauzo. M'malo mwa mawu akuti "chipembedzo mitundu." Lingaliro la "Mulungu" mu nthambi iliyonse ya Chikunja ali kufunika kwake. Mu yambiri milungu zambiri, iwo ali pamodzi gulu la. Mu mizimu ngalande chachikulu pakati pa dziko la anthu ndi mizimu ndi Ula. Iye anasankhidwa ndi sachita paokha. Koma mizimu si milungu, ndi mabungwe osiyana. Iwo Co-kulibe ndipo tingathe kuchigwiritsa thandizo kapena kuvulaza anthu, malingana ndi zolinga zawo. Mu totemism monga Mulungu amachita totem azimulambira kagulu kena ka anthu kapena munthu wina. Iye mwaganizapo mofananira kugwirizana ndi fuko kapena mtundu. Totem akhoza kukhala chinyama, mtsinje kapena zina zachilengedwe chinthu. Iye akhalambira mba akhoza kudzimana. Mu animism chinthu chilichonse kapena chodabwitsa cha chikhalidwe ali ndi moyo, kuti ndi chikhalidwe cha spiritualized. Choncho, aliyense wa iwo tiyenera kulambira.

Choncho, kuwonjezera pa mfundo zimenezi Mulungu, m'pofunika kutchula zipembedzo zambiri. Aliyense wa iwo mu njira zawo amamvetsa akuti ngakhale kukana. Koma wamba aliyense wa iwo chilengedwe zauzimu za Mulungu ndi amene amadza chifukwa cha zotheka pa moyo wa munthu.