Nkhani Pisarev "Bazaar": mwachidule ndi kusanthula

The mbali yaikulu ya buku "abambo ndi ana" mwa Turgenev wotsutsa Pisarev adawona chimene iye anali kunena. Mtundu uwu wa mwiniwake wa abwino wake. Nkhani Pisarev "Bazaar", mwachidule amene anapereka m'munsimu, inafalitsidwa mu March 1862. wolemba imalongosola ndi mwatsatanetsatane chikhalidwe cha ngwazi za buku la. Anasonyeza provozglasitelem wake dyera ndi kudzikonda Kumasuka wa munthu. Pisarev ndi Kenako kulemba za Bazarov. Mu 1864, m'nkhani "moyenera" Ananenanso kuti ngwazi pa mphindi loyamba chikuoneka mu buku anakhala ankakonda wake. Ndiyeno kwa nthawi yaitali anapitiriza kuti asachoke.

Nkhani Pisarev "Bazaar": mwachidule ndi mutu

Pisarev analemba mu chaputala choyamba, kuti Bazarov alibe kuzindikira ulamuliro uliwonse, yang'anira, palibe malamulo ndi mfundo, chifukwa iye amakhala mu yokha: monga kwambiri momwe iye angathere, iye amadziwa zimene mukufuna ndipo popanda kulemekeza anthu.

Mlembi anafotokoza chakuti Bazarov pamwamba misa khamu. Iye anayesera mwakukhoza kwake kuti ubwenzi mwini yekha kwa iwo ndipo safuna kukhala osachepera zofanana iwo.

Anthu ngati Bazarov kwenikweni zinthu zikuchepa kwambiri, nthawi zina mwamwano ndi mopanda mantha. khalidwe lawo akuwonetseredwa mu zochita, makhalidwe ndi moyo. Anthu otere anachita alibe chidwi kupita kumeneko kwa iwo, ndipo ngati anthu adzatenga dziko lawo. Lisanaperekedwe, iwo samasamala.

Nkhani Pisarev "Bazaar": okhutira ndi kusanthula

Bazarovs wodzazidwa ndi miyoyo yawo ndipo sindikufuna kuti aliyense mu izo. Koma tidzapitiriza kukhala zina lathu, tiyeni tione zimene aliyense limatiuza Pisarev yakuti "Bazarov". A chidule cha ntchito mfundo wotchuka kutsutsa chakuti poyamba, mwinamwake, mwininkhani anali kumverera chikhulupiriro ndithu ndi omasuka, koma ndiye, monga nthawi wasonyeza sanathe kupeza osangalala Iye mu njira nihilistic, koma kuti "moyo wamkati."

Pisarev analemba kuti Bazarov mfundo komanso maganizo ndi moyo m'dziko lapansi si zabwino. Ndipotu, kumene kulibe ntchito, palibe chikondi, sangasangalatsidwe. Kodi chiyani ndiye? Funso Pisarev, amene sanali maganizo chosintha, amapereka yankho chidwi. Iye analemba kuti mu nkhani iyi m'pofunika "moyo wautali mmene moyo, ngati palibe ng'ombe soseji, kudya chakudya youma, ndi kukhala ndi akazi, chifukwa n'zosatheka kukonda mkazi." Ambiri, musati ndimalota za chinachake ngati mitengo lalanje ndi makhwatha, ndi zimathandizadi okhutira ndi wofuka chisanu ndi Titafika pamalo ozizira, wosafuna zambiri.

Kodi kuchita?

Pisarev mwachidule nkhani yakuti "Bazarov" limanena kuti wotsutsa yekha ndi bwino kuti mamembala onse a mbadwo lero wamng'ono mu maganizo awo ndi zolinga mwamtheradi kuwona chimodzimodzi mu chifaniziro cha ngwazi za Turgenev yekha. Koma si iwo basi. Mu Bazarov akhoza kupeza nokha ndi anthu amene amatsatira Pisarev. Koma amene anatsatira mtsogoleri ngati kusintha, ngati Chernyshevsky, ndi chodziwikiratu. Iwo Bazarov zikanakhala wolankhulira maganizo, koma osatinso. Chinthu ndi kuti demokalase chosintha kwa anthu ndi kulimbana njira ndale kwathuthu zosiyana.

N'chifukwa chake Kutsutsa "Contemporary" zikuchepa kwambiri anachitira ndi buku "abambo ndi ana", ndi kutanthauzira kwa fano Pisarev Bazarov ngwazi. Zithunzi zimenenso kuzindikira ndekha ndiye chosintha demokalase, anali mu buku Chernyshevskogo "Kodi ndichite chiyani?". Ndi kuyankha funso waukulu anapatsidwa ntchito imeneyi, mosiyana anapereka kumapeto kwa nkhani yake Pisarev. Ndipotu, wotsutsa ndipo kenako zambiri zosonyeza kuti Bazarov mu nkhani zina: "moyenera" (1864), "Kuganiza proletariat" (1865), "Tiyeni tiwone!" (1865).

Kuwonjezera zakuthupi amene timalandira Pisarev yakuti "Bazarov" chidule izo zina akupitiriza kuganizira za maonekedwe a chikhalidwe chatsopano cha anthu ndi likhululukidwe ndi zomveka kwambiri.

anthu atsopano

Pisarev Bazarov limatiuza mmene mtundu watsopano wa munthu, koma izo ziri zoona, ndiye, pa nthawi, kutanthauzira unayamba kale kusintha malinga ndi kusintha maganizo ndale komanso a wolemba. M'nkhani "moyenera" iye anali mu osiyana Bazarov amaona kudzikonda. Iye akuti kuti moyenera zogwirizana ndi "lingaliro wapamwamba kukutsogolerani." Iye amawapatsa mphamvu yaikulu mu nkhondo. wodzikonda oterowo awo "mawerengedwe munthu" samaletsa nkhondo zolinga zapamwamba. Ndipo iwo anali pa nthawi imeneyo ndi kuwononga umphawi antchito. wotsutsa A walemba ndipo kuti ndi kudzikonda izi ndipo wapeza wosangalala ntchito kutsogolera kukwaniritsidwa kwa cholinga.

Nkhani umatha ndi Pisarev a "bazaar"? Chidule limatiuza mwake Turgenev sanali chifundo kwambiri ngwazi ya. Pachiopsezo ndi wachikondi chikhalidwe cha mitsuko yake ndi kudya kutali pa Kuzindikira ndi chabwino tanthauzo zokongoletsa likulakwitsa mawonetseredwe pang'ono olamulirawo. Osati zimene zingatithandize iye ankakhala wolemba momveka bwino akupereka chithunzi cha mmene khalidwe lake amwalira. Izi zokwanira kumvetsa nkobvuta munthu uyu ziwanda. Komabe, mwatsoka, sinapeze ntchito kwake kwa kothandiza ndiponso mwaulemu moyo.