Nkhokwe World matabwa. Dziko zachilengedwe kutsogolera matabwa

Total nkhokwe matabwa ofunika pa zifukwa zingapo: ndi ndi chizindikiro cha chivundikiro nkhalango, ndi kukula kwa malo nkhalango ndi nkhokwe matabwa. chuma Forest ndi exhaustible koma zongowonjezwdwa, popeza angathe kumwedwa osiyana.

ntchito Decoding

Forest chivundikiro Akuti ndi mlingo wa ubale kwa malo okwana nkhalango m'gawo la dziko ina. Choncho, m'dziko index kutsogolera ndi Finland, Sweden, Canada, Guinea, Mozambique, Russia. The nkhalango malo okwana mahekitala oposa biliyoni 4, yomwe ndi 30% ya dziko. Mtsogoleri dziko pa munthu chiwerengero cha nkhokwe matabwa - Russia: kuno pa munthu mmodzi chimachititsa za 3 mahekitala cha nkhalango, pamene m'mayiko European chithunzi ichi kwambiri m'munsi - mahekitala 0,3 chabe.

Kuti anali - kuti anali

M'dera nkhalango mu dziko chaka yafupika ndi mahekitala pafupifupi 20 miliyoni, omwe amayamba ndi kudula mitengo ambiri. Ndipo ambiri a matabwa onse kukolola Latin America ndi Asia. Ndipo apa mu maiko Masewerera a Nordic ndi khama kubwezeretsa ndi kulima nkhalango, kupanga malo nkhalango si yafupika pano. Matabwa nkhokwe mu dziko atayimirira biliyoni 300. ^M3, ndi Russia chathandiza kuti pafupifupi 25% ya m'matangadza nkhuni.

chuma Forest ndi zongowonjezwdwa, koma ngati si mwamsanga kuthana ndi m'minda, nkhokwe nkhalango adzakhala kwambiri ang'onoang'ono. Wina dziko-mtsogoleri chuma matabwa - Suriname, kumene nkhani pa munthu pafupifupi 36 mahekitala ya nkhalango. Koma mu kotentha ndi kum'mwera kotentha zone kwa munthu wina ndi zosakwana mahekitala ya nkhalango.

Monga kuwerengetsera anapangidwa?

chuma Forest - ndi wa nkhokwe m'nkhalango dziko, komanso mfundo sanali matabwa. Ndi kuyamika nkhalango ndi mwayi wolandira zakuthupi chilengedwe yaiwisi m'mafakitale ambiri, kuwonjezera, nkhalango - ndi ntchito yokonza dongosolo zachilengedwe a Dziko Lapansi. Chifukwa chakuti chuma nkhalango ndi zongowonjezwdwa, m'matangadza lonse nkhuni akhoza kosalekeza kudzadza, kuonjezera zokolola zawo zofunika wa munthu.

chuma Forest padziko lonse osati wogawana kugawa. Mwachitsanzo, ku Ulaya khalidwe lalikulu chivundikiro nkhalango, pamene mu Africa zimakwana kwambiri m'munsi. Mlingo wotsikitsitsa chivundikiro nkhalango - mu Africa, ndipo ndi mlingo wapamwamba - mu Latin America, Europe ndi North America. Dziko Mtsogoleri amaika softwood - Russia: gawo la dziko chathandiza kuti 88% ya nkhalango coniferous.

Features wa kufalitsa nkhalango padziko lonse

nkhalango Modern umakhala mabacteria osiyana nyengo, Choncho malinga madera iwo amasiyana mitundu zikuchokera, kuima dongosolo, zokolola, osiyanasiyana Ndalama ndi chilengedwe. Ambiri a ku Ulaya ndi wotanganidwa ndi zone nkhalango mabacteria kotentha, kumene nkhalango boreal nkhalango coniferous. Ku Central ndi South America, Africa East ndi East Indies Nkhalango zambiri zotere chogwidwa ndi yobiriwira nkhalango losanganikirana. m'madera Mountain yodziwika ndi zonation umodzi, pamene malinga okwera ndi kusintha kutentha.

Ngati Russia - Dziko-mtsogoleri chuma matabwa, m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, ambiri a nkhalango ndi kudula. Mwachitsanzo, mu England, Ireland, Netherlands, makamaka mitengo wazaka zapakati ndi achinyamata kukula mitengo anabzala chongopeka. nkhalango Coniferous zimasungika okha Scandinavia, pamene pali zabwino nkhalango chivundikiro, chogwidwa ndi nthandala koyera coniferous. Pakati pa Europe makamaka kukula paini, spruce, Oil, larch, ndi nkhalango ali utachepa kwambiri chifukwa kudula zonse mayadi ndi ng'ombe.

Pakati pa zigawo waukulu nkhani m'dera nkhalango Europe kwa maiko Masewerera a Nordic. Nawa anaikira 35,6% nkhalango lapansi ndi 28,5% a mbadwa okwana mtengo. Dera limeneli amakhala ndi mlingo wapamwamba ya chivundikirocho nkhalango.

Mu Asia ndi Africa?

Onse kukula katundu ku Asia - za 1/5 m'dzikoli. Pali kukula nkhalango zotentha, coniferous ndi deciduous kubzala mu zone ya kotentha. The m'gawo lalikulu wotanganidwa ndi nkhalango nayonso. Mu East, dera ukufanizidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya zinthu zakale, endemics. Pali timapepala kum'mwera kwa dera kumene steppe interspersed ndi zitsamba yaing'ono. M'mapiri anapereka nayonso ndi nkhalango deciduous. Pa dera la nkhalango Africa Komanso anagawira omangidwa. Onse nkhalango m'dera m'dzikoli akhoza kugawidwa mu magulu anayi: kumpoto - subtropical, kumadzulo - ndi kotentha, kummawa - kotentha phiri ndi kum'mwera - mayiko.

North America ndi South

Nkhalango mu North America zatenga pafupifupi hafu ya kulalikira, pamene kumpoto chifukwa cha nkhanza nyengo ya kapangidwe mitundu ya mtengo zochepa, ndipo zokolola zawo otsika. m'dera Forest makamaka umaimiridwa ndi coniferous ndi chigawo chimodzi cha mitengo birch. Cha kum'mwera kwa gawo kumtunda nkhalango amakhala onse, mitengo okha ndi waphindu.

Pafupifupi theka la dera la Latin America wotanganidwa ndi zomera nkhalango ndi predominance mitengo deciduous. Pa magombe a Amazon ndi olemera ndi wakale floristic zikuchokera. Mexico ndi Netherlands Holandesas chinkhoswe makamaka m'nkhalango coniferous - makamaka paini mitengo.

Mu Australia, kuchuluka anati mu nkhalango Mzere m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pali pafupifupi 85% ya m'dera limene mukukhala m'mitengo.

mwa kundipatsako kwa liquidity ndi chiyani?

A madzi matabwa katundu - ndi kuchuluka kwa okwana m'minda nkhokwe matabwa, umene uli wofanana ndi buku lonse la matabwa kukolola popanda makungwa ndi m'mitengo. buku Izi m'njira zosiyanasiyana zochokera njira zosiyanasiyana zowerengera. Phula matabwa - mfundo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kukolola. Pankhaniyi, muzu katundu wa mtengo ndi apamwamba kwambiri.

Main zochita za mitengo ku Russia ndi ku dziko

Zaka 60 zapitazo pa gawo nkhalango ya Russia ndi dziko lonse, pang'ono ankadziwika. Koma mitundu zikuchokera chabe sichinayambe kuphunzira. Pa Soviet Union mu Soviet Union kuti ankaona oposa 500 mln. Ha, zomwe zinachitikadi kasamalidwe nkhalango. Komabe, pa nthawi pakhala kusowa kwa nkhuni mu malo oyamba inakwaniritsidwa sawlogs apamwamba ndi maonekedwe mitengo, omwe analandira kuchokera ku mbali yaikulu ya thunthu. N'chifukwa chake m'mayiko otukuka, assortments awa ntchito kulima nkhalango.

Other zinyalala matabwa ndi processing mitengo pambuyo processing kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyana - kupanga nkhuni zamkati, pepala ndi makatoni. Mu zaka 80 kuchepa nkhuni kwachititsa chakuti lonse la malonda matabwa ndi apamwamba. Ndipo ngati m'mayiko olemera a ku Ulaya ndi North America ndi Waogula Zinthu Kunja yaikulu ya mankhwala Kwatha anapanga nkhuni ndi matabwa ndi pepala, m'mayiko nkhope ya Asia, Africa, Latin America, makamaka katundu wa matabwa wozungulira osauka. Pa nthawi yomweyo m'mayiko amenewa chimakhala chogwidwa ndi masuku pamutu mmodzi ndiye amaganiza za nkhalango, kuti dziko nkhalango wayamba umayamba kuchepa.

Pakutha zaka mazana makumi awiri lasanduka azimuth noticeable kwa Mipikisano cholinga yokumba nkhalango, makamaka m'mayiko otukuka ndi kuli anthu. Patsogolo pawo panali vuto pokonza zinthu zimene adzalola kuti abwezeretse m'nkhalango zomwe kwakhudza kuwongolera mmene chuma chikuyendera m'dzikolo.

Koma Russia, pali za 78% ya nkhalango ndi lopangidwa ndi mitundu malonda - paini, spruce, Oil, larch, thundu, birch. Ndipo komanso padziko lonse lapansi, chuma nkhalango amafalitsidwa omangidwa. Mbali European chimachititsa% 17,06 yokha ya m'nkhalango, pamene Siberia ndi Far East ali anaikira 82% nkhalango. Buku lonse la nkhalango akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: choyamba tichipeza m'minda zoteteza, wachiwiri - pa zopangira, ndi wachitatu - malo matabwa kuti si ntchito monga chuma yaiwisi. Total pachaka kukula kuthabwa ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni 830 mamita ^3.

anapezazo

Wood - mawonekedwe zongowonjezwdwa chuma, n'zotheka osati zonse kugwira ntchito, komanso pang'onopang'ono kusewera. Mu nkhalango potaya ali n'komwe osati mlingo wa kukula chaka chilichonse, koma kuchuluka kwa anapeza katundu. Njira yokhayo kusintha okwana nkhokwe dziko matabwa.