Nkhondo. Magawo a nkhondo. Magawo chitukuko ndi kuthetsa kusamvana

Zovuta zambiri-kumbali chodabwitsa, ndi mphamvu zake ndi dongosolo, zambiri amaimira ndi "nkhondo" yaitali. Masiteji nkhondo kudziwa chitukuko sewero ake, omwe mwina zigwirizana nthawi zingapo ziwalo ndipo mbali. Nkhaniyi itithandiza kulankhula za umoyo maganizo zodabwitsazi zovuta.

tanthawuzo

Mphamvu ya mkangano Tingaone monga yopapatiza ndipo ndi m'lingaliro chachikulu. Mbali yoyamba, pansi pa chikhalidwe limeneli atasemphana siteji kwambiri pachimake. Monzama magawo a mkangano - izi ndi ndondomeko yaitali imene kulongosola bwino ubwenzi magawo bwino wina ndi mnzake mu nthawi ndi malo. Pothetsa zodabwitsazi palibe njira umodzi. Mwachitsanzo, LD Segodeev limatchula magawo atatu a mphamvu za nkhondo, onse umene anawagawa magawo osiyana. Zinsomba AI amauza atasemphana ndondomeko mu magawo atatu ndi VP Galitsky ndi NF Fsedenko - sikisi. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti ngakhale kwambiricho chodabwitsa mavuto. Magawo a nkhondo, mu maganizo awo, ndi yachiwiriyo, nthawi zitatu, magawo anayi ndi magawo khumi. Nkhaniyi ndizanyamuka ndendende mfundo imeneyi.

nthawi Embodiments chitukuko ndi sitepe

Magawo a nkhondo akhoza kufalitsidwa mu zochitika ziwiri zosiyana: menyani m'gulu la escalation sitepe (woyamba chimake) kapena akudutsa izo (chimake wachiwiri).

Nthawi nkhondo ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Zosiyanasiyana - magulu omenyanawa anapatukana, modera zofuna zawo, pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yogwira ya nkhondoyo.
2. Kukangana - maphwando mkangano ntchito mwakhama mphamvu kulamulira njira.
3. Kusakanikirana - otsutsa zikupita anakumana ndi kuyamba kufunafuna njira kunyengalera.

Kuwonjezera yofanana ndi nthawi ndi izi magawo waukulu mkangano:

1. Predkonflikt (zobisika siteji).
2. mogwirizana mabvuto (kukana mu gawo yogwira, amene nawonso, lagawidwa magawo atatu: ndi anzake zinachitika escalation moyenera).
3. Chigamulo (nkhondo kutsiriza).
4. Post-nkhondo (zotsatira zake).

Pansipa tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane gawo limene aliyense siteji lagawidwa mogwirizana nkhondo.

Predkonflikt (gawo lalikulu)

Mbali zobisika za chitukuko ndi mbali zotsatirazi:

1. Zikamera wa munthu Kukolanaku. Pa nthawi imeneyi, pakati pa adani pali kutsutsana, koma sankadziwa kuti ndi chiyani kuchita chilichonse yogwira kuteteza malo awo.
2. Kuzindikira za Kukolanaku. Panthawi imeneyi, mbali yotsutsana ayamba kuzindikira kuti kuwombana layandikira. Pankhaniyi, amaonera zayamba zinthu zambiri ndi zotengera malingaliridwe. Kuzindikira za moyo cholinga cha nkhondo ukhoza kukhala zolakwika ndi koyenera (ie zolondola).
3. Otsutsa amafuna kuthetsa vuto mwamsanga njira kulankhula, kulemba zotuluka pa udindo wake.
4. zinthu Pre-nkhondo. Kumachitika ngati njira kuthetsa mtendere vuto si anabweretsa bwino. Mbali yotsutsa anazindikira choonadi cha anaopsezedwa ndipo anaganiza kuteteza awo mwa njira zina.

mogwirizana mabvuto. zinachitikazi

Chochitika - ndi kutsata dala adani ofuna kulanda chinthu chokhacho cha mkangano, mosaganizira zotsatira zake. Kuzindikira anaopseza kuti zofuna zawo zimapangitsa magulu omenyanawa kutsatira njira yogwira chikoka. Motero - ichi ndi chiyambi cha kugunda ndi. Iye akulongosola pa muyezo wa mphamvu ndi poyera za udindo wa mbali zotsutsana. Pa nthawi imeneyi, adani ngakhale kukomoka lingaliro la chuma, maluso anthu oti ndi zinthu zimene kuthandiza akupambana. Izi, pa dzanja limodzi, muli nkhondo, ndi pa zina - zimapangitsa izo kukhala zina. Mu gawo ili, otsutsa ndi kuyambira kutembenukira kwa gulu lachitatu, T. E. akaonekere kwa akuluakulu milandu kwa Kukwezeleza ndi kuteteza zofuna zawo. Aliyense wa nzika za kuwatsutsa akuyesera kuti akope chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha mbali.

mogwirizana mabvuto. escalation

Mbali imeneyi amakhala ndi kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu ndewu pamagulu kumenyana. Komabe, wotsatira zowononga zochita zawo zambiri kwambiri kuposa m'mbuyomu. Zotsatira zake kovuta kulosera ngati mpaka akubwera ku nkhondo. Magawo a nkhondo anawagawa magawo angapo mu chitukuko:

1. The kuchepa lakuthwa mu ntchito chidziwitso ndi khalidwe. Nzika atasemphana akupitiriza njira amtopola wosazindikira kwa chidani.
2. Kusamutsidwa cholinga maganizo mdani konsekonse "mdani". chithunzi ichi amakhalira mtsogoleri chitsanzo mfundo za kusagwirizanako.
3. Kuwonjezeka maganizo.
4. Kusintha mwadzidzidzi kuchoka mfundo zomveka kuukira munthu ndi zonena.
5. Kukula kwa udindo wa masanjidwe ndikoletsedwa ndipo amaswa zofuna za kugawanika zawo zonse. Zofuna za maphwando anapangidwa ochititsa kuti.
6. chiwawa Uncompromised monga kukangana.
7. Kumwalira kwa choyambirira kugunda chinthu.
8. Generalization wa mkangano, kusintha kwake kuti siteji lonse.
9. NAWO mu kukumana kwa gulu latsopano.

Mbali pamwamba ndi khalidwe kwa mikangano onse lotha ndi gulu. The mwansanga initiators mwina kwambiri kuthandiza ndi kupanga ndondomeko deta ndi zikugwira chikumbumtima adzamenyane. Kuyenera kutsindika kuti m'kupita kwa escalation a dera amazindikira otsutsa ndi psyche pang'onopang'ono wotaya tanthauzo lake.

mogwirizana mabvuto. mogwirizana moyenera

Mu gawo ili, nzika za nkhondo kumvetsa, potsiriza, kuti mwa mphamvu iwo alibe mtendere. Iwo amapitiriza kuvutika, koma mlingo wa ndewu pang'ono ndi pang'ono yafupika. Komabe, kanthu kwenikweni kwa kuthetsa mtendere pa zimenezi, mbali ziwiri sizinathe kucitika.

kuthetsa kusamvana

Masiteji kuthetsa kusamvana yodziwika ndi kutha kwa chidani yogwira, kuzindikira kufunika kokambirana ndi anachita kusintha yogwira.

1. Akamaliza kugunda yogwira gawo amayamba pa zifukwa zingapo: kusintha kwakukulu pa mfundo dongosolo zotsutsana mbali; zoonekeratu chifooke mmodzi wa otsutsa; n'kopanda pake mwina zochita zina; yosatheka ukulu mmodzi wa zipani; maonekedwe zotsutsana ndi mkhalapakati kuti akhoza chopereka kwambiri kwa yankho la vuto.
2. Kwenikweni yankho la mkangano. Maphwando kuyamba kukambirana, kwathunthu aleke njira ziwawa za kulimbana. Njira kuthetsa atasemphana zikhoza kukhala izi: kusintha malo mbali otsutsana; kuchotsa chimodzi kapena mamembala onse otsutsa; chiwonongeko cha chinthu mkangano; zokambirana ogwira; mankhwala a otsutsa kwa gulu lina, kusewera udindo wa arbitrator.

Pankhondoyi akhoza kulephera njira zina: attenuation (kutha) kapena likukula mofulumira mu atasemphana mlingo wosiyana.

gawo maphokoso

1. Tsankho kusamvana. Mfundu nkhondo chikhalidwe kutsazikana panthawi imeneyi mtendere. chikhalidwe ichi amakhala ndi kuteteza mavuto maganizo, zokambirana chichitike mu chikhalidwe zodzinenera mwagwirizana watero. Pa nthawi imeneyi ya nkhondoyo zambiri maphokoso matenda, zomwe ndi zinadzala ndi chitukuko cha mkangano latsopano.
2. Normalization kapena kusamvana wathunthu wa mkangano. imeneyi amakhala ndi kuwonongedwa kotheratu makhalidwe oipa ndi kupeza mlingo watsopano mogwirizana zaphindu. Masiteji nkhondo ulamuliro pa siteji iyi mofikapo. mbali ziwiri ubwenzi ndi kuyamba wopindulitsa ntchito olowa.

Pomaliza

Monga tanena nkhondo kumachitika mu zochitika awiri, mmodzi amene akusonyeza pakalibe gawo escalation. Zikatero mbali yotsutsa umachitika mu njira zambiri zaphindu.

Iwo ali ndi malire ake iliyonse nkhondo. Magawo a nkhondo zocheperapo nthawi, malo, ndi kwapakati pa-chimango. Kutalika kwa kugunda yodziwika ndi m'litali mwakanthawi. Kwapakati pa-malire atasemphana chifukwa cha kumasulidwa nkhani kunja kwa chiwerengero cha ophunzira.

Choncho, nkhondo ndi anzake zovuta pakati pa adani anatsekula aukali. chitukuko umamumvera malamulo ena, chidziwitso cha omwe angathandize ophunzira angapewe mwansanga ndi zomvetsa angathe kukwaniritsa pangano ndi mtendere, moyenera.