Nkhondo ya Borodino 1812:. Mwachidule za zazikulu

Nkhondo ya Borodino mu 1812 - nkhondo chinatenga tsiku limodzi lokha, koma anasunga mu mbiri ya dziko mwa zochitika zofunika kwambiri dziko. nkhonya Izi Napoleon anatengedwa ndi kuyembekeza msanga kugonjetsa Russian Ufumu, koma maganizo ake sizichitika. Akukhulupirira kuti nkhondo ya Borodino anali gawo loyamba la kugwa kwa wogonjetsa wotchuka. Kodi amadziwika za nkhondo kuti analemekeza Lermontov mu ntchito yake yotchuka?

Nkhondo ya Borodino mu 1812: Background

Iyo inali nthawi imene asilikali Bonaparte kale anakwanitsa muligonjetse pafupifupi lonse la ku Ulaya, mphamvu mfumu anawonjezera ngakhale kuti Africa. Iye anatsindika nkhani ndi oyerekeza kuti kuti apeze kulamulira dziko lonse lapansi, iye anasiya kugula okha kulamulira maiko Russian.

Kugonjetsa dera la Russia, iye anasonkhanitsa asilikali, chiwerengero cha amene analipo anthu pafupifupi 600 zikwi. asilikali mofulumira patsogolo mu boma. Komabe, asilikali Napoleon, mmodzi osiyanasiyana anatengeka wamba militias, thanzi lawo linayamba kuipa chifukwa cha nyengo modabwitsa nkhanza ndi zakudya m'thupi. Komabe, Kukwezeleza a asilikali anapitiriza zinali chandamale likulu French.

Nkhondo wamagazi wa Borodino mu 1812 anakhala mbali ya machenjerero kuti ankagwiritsa ntchito asilikali Russian. Zimafooka mdani asilikali a nkhondo yaing'ono, kuyembekezera nthawi nkhonya mwachangu.

masiteji Waukulu

Nkhondo ya Borodino mu 1812 kwenikweni akuimira unyolo ongokhala maulendo angapo ndi asilikali French, kutembenuzira zomvetsa wautali kwambiri pa mbali zonse. Zinali nkhondo yoyamba kwa mudzi wa Borodino, limene lili pafupi 125 Km from Moscow. Kumbali Russian izo panafika Jaeger Regiment de A Tolly, ndi mdani - zikusungira Beauharnais.

Nkhondo ya Borodino mu 1812 zinali pachimake, pamene nkhondo kunachitika Bagration amatuluka. Iwo anali nawo m'magulu 15 adzasonkhanitsa a French ndi awiri Russian womwe Vorontsov ndi Neverovsky. Pa nthawi imeneyi, Bagration analandira kuvulala kwambiri, zimene zinachititsa kuti iye kupatsa lamulo la Konovnitsyn.

Ndi nthawi asilikali Russian kumanzere amatuluka, pafupifupi 14 maola inatenga Nkhondo ya Borodino (1812). Chidule cha zinthu zina: Russian anaika kumbuyo Semenov chigwa, kumene nkhondo lachitatu. mamembala ake ali anthu amene anaukira amatuluka ndi kuwateteza. The French analandira reinforcements, omwe anakhala apakavalo, ndiwo motsogoleredwa ndi Nansouty. Kuthandiza asilikali Russian mofulumira apakavalo Uvarov, ndipo anabwera pansi pa lamulo la Cossacks Platov.

batire Rajewski

Tiyenera kuganiziranso chomaliza chochitika monga Nkhondo ya Borodino (1812). Chidule cha nkhaniyi: Nkhondo chifukwa cha Rajewski batire, analowa mu mbiri monga "manda a asilikali okwera pamahatchi, French," watha pafupifupi 7 maola. Malowa kwenikweni anali manda zosiyanasiyana za asilikali Bonaparte wa.

Azambiriyakale komabe amadabwa chifukwa mphamvu za asilikali Russian kumanzere Shevadinsky redoubt. Si lilibe kuti mkulu wa cholinga chake kutsegula kumanzere pambali zitisokoneze chisamaliro kwa ufulu mdani. cholinga chake chinali kuteteza latsopano Smolensk msewu, masuku pamutu kuti, asilikali Napoleon a msanga anapita Moscow.

Iwo amapulumutsa kwambiri za kufunika kwa mbiri ya zikalata waunikira chochitika monga Nkhondo ya 1812 Nkhondo ya Borodino amatchulidwa kalata pamaso anatumizidwa ku chiyambi cha Kutuzov Russian mfumu. Mkulu anauza mfumu kuti mtunda (lotseguka munda) adzapereka asilikali Russian mulingo woyenera maudindo.

zana pa mphindi

Nkhondo ya Borodino (1812) mwachidule kufalitsidwa wokutidwa magwero ambiri mbiri, amene amapereka kuganiza kuti zinali nthawi yaitali kwambiri. Ndipotu, nkhondo inayambika pa September 7 pa hafu pasiti faifi m'mawa inatenga pasanathe tsiku. Kumene, kunapezeka kuti mwa zoipitsitsa pa nkhondo zonse mwachidule.

Ndi chinsinsi mmene anthu ambiri ankati ndi kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812. Nkhondo ya Borodino wapanga mbali wamagazi. Chiŵerengero cha akufa sanathe udzakhazikitsidwa azambiriyakale, wotchedwa 80-100 zikwi. Anamwalira mbali zonse. Yowerengera limasonyeza kuti mphindi iliyonse getsi anatumiza zosachepera asilikali mazana a.

ngwazi

Asilikali anapereka zosiyanasiyana choyenera kutchuka Nkhondo ya 1812 Nkhondo ya Borodino, ndithudi, perpetuated munthu ngati Kutuzov. Mwa njira, Kutuzov pa nthawi anali asanakhale imvi akale munthu amene si anatsegula diso limodzi. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo, iye anali wolimba, ngakhale munthu okalamba, ndipo sanatenge siginecha wake bandeji.

Kumene, Kutuzov sanali ngwazi okha amene anali wotchuka Borodino. Pamodzi ndi iye anapita mu mbiri Bagration, Rajewski, de Tolly. N'zochititsa chidwi otsiriza a iwo anali nawo ulamuliro mu ankhondo, ngakhale iye anali woyambitsa lingaliro wanzeru kuika kukamenyana ndi Adani awo ankhondo ndi zigawenga. Malinga ndi nthano, pankhondo ya Borodino General katatu anataya akavalo anafa pansi pa akukhudzidwa ndi zipolopolo ndi zipolopolo, koma iye anakhalabe sanamuvulaze.

Amene ali chigonjetso

Mwina funso ili ndi intrigue chachikulu cha nkhondo yoopsayo, monga mbali zonse anatenga gawo mmenemo ndi maganizo awo pa nkhani imeneyi. azambiriyakale French amakhulupirira kuti chigonjetso chachikulu tsiku amene anawina asilikali Napoleon a. Asayansi Russian amaumirira mwake, malingaliro awo pa nthawi anali mothandizidwa ndi Alexander Choyamba kulengeza Borodino nkhondo chigonjetso mtheradi wa Russia. Mwa njira, pambuyo Kutuzov anali kupereka udindo wa Field kulamulira.

Amadziwika kuti Bonaparte sanakhutire ndi malipoti amene anapereka akazembe ake. chiwerengero cha mfuti anagwira ku Russian anali kochepa, komanso chiwerengero cha akaidi amene asilikali kwawo anali kutenga naye. Akukhulupirira kuti mgonjetsi potsiriza wosweka makhalidwe a mdani.

Kuwerenga za Nkhondo ya Borodino

The zikuluzikulu nkhondo yomwe inayamba pa September 7 pafupi ndi mudzi wa Borodino, kwa zaka mazana awiri anauziridwa kulemba, olemba ndakatulo, amisiri, ndi Opanga filimuyi ndiyeno chophimba mu ntchito zawo. Ife akumbutse filimu "Hussar Ballad" ndi ntchito zotchuka Lermontov, omwe tsopano akuphunzira kusukulu.

Kodi kwenikweni anali ndi zimene anatembenukira kwa Russian ndi French Nkhondo ya Borodino 1812? Buntman, Adelman - olemba mbiri analenga achidule ndi zolondola malemba, kusonyeza mwatsatanetsatane nkhondo wamagazi. Otsutsa kutamandidwa ntchito imeneyi kudziwa wopanda a chi, ndi zithunzi za ngwazi nkhondo (ndi kuti, ndi pa dzanja zina), amene zinthu zonse N'zosavuta kuganiza m'maganizo. Buku ukuyenereradi Werengani amene akuda chidwi ndi mbiri ndiponso zochita nkhondo.