Nkhonya malamulo: akatswiri ndi a zofufuzafufuza

Ndipo tiyeni tiphunzire malamulo a bokosi m'nkhani ino! Ndipotu, kodi bokosi ndi chiyani? Uku ndikumenyana, kumene omenyera amavalira magolovesi enieni ndi kumenyana wina ndi mzake ndi zida zawo: mtundu wa masewera. Nthawi zambiri nkhondoyi imatha kuyambira 3 mpaka 12. Iye akulamulidwa ndi mpikisano. Kugonjetsedwa kumaperekedwa kokha pamene mdani wagwedezeka pansi ndipo mkati mwa masekondi khumi sangathe kudzuka (knockout). Ogonjetsa amatchedwanso kuti msilikali wina anavulala chifukwa cha nkhondoyi sitingathe kupitirizabe (kugogoda). Ngati patatha nthawi yothetsa nkhondoyi, wopambanayo amatsimikiziridwa ndi oweruza, akuwonetsa zowerengera zawo.

Umboni woyamba wokha wa nkhondo zoterewu umatsimikiziridwa mu zisudzo za Aigupto, Sumerian ndi Minoan. Ngakhale ku Greece zakale kunali masewera pa fisticuffs, ofanana ndi bokosi. Kawirikawiri, bokosi linasewera masewera mu 688 BC. E., pamene fisticuffs anaonekera koyamba mu pulogalamu ya masewera achi Olympic akale. Masiku ano, masewerawa anabadwira ku UK kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XVIII.

M'madera ena pali mitundu yambiri ya masewera a martial (maholide a chilimwe ku Myanmar, Savat ku France, Muay Thai ku Thailand), choncho nthawi zambiri anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "English boxing".

Zomwe akatswiri a mabokosi amafunika

Ndipo tsopano ganizirani malamulo a masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kodi iwo ndi chiyani? Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mu malamulo a amateur ndi apadera duel pali zochitika zambiri ndi kusiyana.

Chiwerengero ndi chiyani? Olemba masewera olimbitsa thupi, monga lamulo, alibe mpikisano. Komabe, pakali pano pali masewera ambiri a ku Ulaya ndi padziko lapansi. Mwina masewerawa adzakhala okongola. Mapikisano a mpikisano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mpikisano. Onse ogonjetsa masewerawa akugonjetsa, amawagonjetsa ndipo amakoka amalembedwa mndandanda wazomwe umagwirizanitsa. Nthawi zonse muzindikire mtundu wa zopambana - pa mfundo kapena kugogoda. Zochita za womenyera pa phokoso la amateur mpaka mkhalidwe wa "zopindulitsa" sungaganizidwe.

Mwa njira, mabungwe akuluakulu (WBO, WBA, IBR, WBC) ali ndi malamulo awo, malamulo osiyana a bokosi ndi mapepala awo ofunika. Msilikali amene amayamba kukhala payekha payekha amatchedwa woyenera kuti akhale woyenera. Inde, msilikali wa dziko saloledwa kutenga nawo mbali pampikisano, koma akhoza kupanga misonkhano yowakomera, yomwe siimapita ku ngongole.

Lamulo la bokosilo limamuthandizanso kuti akumane ndi atsogoleri a dziko lapansi pamatembenuzidwe ena. Ngati msilikali ndi mtsogoleri wadziko lonse lapansi, amamuona kukhala mtsogoleri weniweni (Kostya Dzyu). Ngati atataya nkhondoyo, ateteze lamba wothandizira, angagwiritsidwe ntchito. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mutu wa WBC Jose Sulaiman posachedwapa adalengeza cholinga cha bungwe la masewerawa kuti agwire Komiti Yoyamba ya World Cup mu masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Mipingo yachikale ya zotsatira

Malamulo a mabokosiwa akuphatikizapo malire a zaka: wofuula sangakhale pansi pa zaka 18. Ndipo ziribe kanthu kuti chidziwitso cholimbana ndi abusa ndi chiani: nkhondo yake yoyamba mu ntchito ya "pro" ayenera kupanga njira izi: maulendo anayi ndi maminiti atatu. Mwa njira, nkhondo zowonjezera zimakhala ndi zozungulira zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zisanu ndi zitatu. Kulimbana ndi mutu wa mtsogoleri wa dziko lapansi kumatenga miyezi khumi ndi iwiri ya maminiti atatu.

Kawirikawiri, chiwerengero cha duel, nthawi ndi tsiku, zolepheretsa zina za gululo zimakonzekera miyezi ingapo izi zisanachitike. Izi ndizo malamulo a masewera.

Wotsutsa wotsutsa akudziwiratu pasadakhale. Chifukwa cha ichi, mukhoza kuphunzira luso la otsutsa ndikudziwitsa njira yowonetsera. Ku Russia, wolemba bokosi angapikisane kuti akhale mpikisano wa Russian Federation pokhapokha ngati wagonjetsa maulendo awiri ozungulira asanu ndi awiri ndi mikangano iwiri mowirikiza asanu ndi atatu.

Kufufuzira

Lamulo la bokosilo mu mphete limayendetsedwa ndi oweruza: mbali zitatu ndi woweruza. Woyang'anira, wothandizira nthawi, dokotala, woweruza woweruza akuphatikizanso pa masewerawo. Pa mpikisano wothamanga, ochita nawo masewera ndi omvera akulandira pempho kuchokera kwa wothandizira. Pokhala mpikisano wothamanga, gulu la oweruza limasankhidwa ndi bungwe, lomwe limayambitsa nkhondo.

Ndipo kodi mukudziwa kuti malamulo a mabokosi m'ndendemo ndi oyenera? Chovalacho chiri ndi bwana wawo - wokhala nawo mpikisano, yemwe amalamulira zonse zomwe zimachitika pa izo. Mfundo zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa msilikali aliyense amatsatiridwa ndi woweruza. Amauza wotsutsa wa deta pambuyo pa mapeto a maulendo onse, omwe amalembedwa m'makalata oweruza.

Kwa chiwerengero cha zopuma ndi kuzungulira, nthawi yawo ikuwonetsedwa ndi wosunga nthawi. Ndipo ndani akukonzekera ndikudziwitsa alendo onse za okhomerera, gulu la ochita masewera? Inde, woweruzayo ndi wosadziwika bwino.

Mtsogoleriyo amagwira ntchito mofananamo ndi woweruza wamkulu pa nkhondo za amateur. Amayang'ananso kayendetsedwe ka ndalama (ndalama zamtengo wapatali, ndalama zogulitsa, ndi zina zotero).

N'zosangalatsa kuti wolemba bokosi aliyense sangakhale ndi masekondi anayi okha. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi waukulu komanso wopuma angakhale mkati mwa mphete. Pa nsanja ya mphete sangathe kuwuka masabata awiri.

Kuwerengera

Malamulo a masewerawa mu bokosi amapereka zolemba za mfundo, zomwe zimachitidwa ndi oweruza a mbali. Wopambana wa kuzungulira amalandira mfundo 10, ndipo wotaya - osachepera asanu ndi limodzi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti magetsi amaletsedwa.

Pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kawonekedwe kawirikawiri kumachotsedwa. Mwa njira yotani? Inde, ndi chiwerengero chomwecho cha opambana, chigonjetso chimaperekedwa kwa womenya bokosi, amene adagonjetsa kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito chigamulo, oweruza amaganiziranso mphamvu yogonjetsa (mosiyana ndi amateurs). Pano, mikwingwirima itatu ikugwirizana ndi imodzi yolimba.

Malamulo ogwira ntchito m'bokosi amamvanso zowawa zazikulu ndi zopweteka, zomwe zimabweretsa kugogoda. Kawirikawiri zokondwererozo zimaperekedwa kwa womenyera nkhondo, yemwe adatumizira womenyana naye kugogoda. Ndipo kuphwanya kuno kuli kofanana ndi momwe amachitira masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Malamulo a mabokosi opanda ntchito

Lero, AIBA yatsatira malamulo atsopano: inayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2013. Kodi pali zoletsedwa zakale? Inde, malamulo a masewera olimbitsa thupi amapereka magawo okalamba awa:

• Anyamata ali ndi zaka 12.
• Anyamata achikulire - zaka 13-14.
• Atsikana akulu ndi anyamata ali ndi zaka 15-16.
• Atsikana ndi anyamata ali ndi zaka 17-18.
• Amayi ndi abambo ali ndi zaka 19-34.

Malingana ndi zaka za malamulo a masewera ozunguza amateur, pali zoletsedwa pa chiwerengero cha mpikisano kwa nthawi inayake:

• Anyamata osapitirira 15: nkhondo ziwiri m'masiku 30.
• Atsikana ndi anyamata 15-16 zaka: nkhondo zitatu m'masiku 15, nkhondo zisanu m'masiku 30.
• Azimayi ndi amuna: Nkhondo zinayi m'masiku 15, nkhondo zisanu m'masiku 30.

Ndipo ndi malamulo otani a mpikisano wa bokosi kwa amateurs? Pa masewerawa, oyamba kumene amaloledwa kupikisana patatha miyezi itatu yophunzitsidwa.

Kawirikawiri, malinga ndi zofunikira za AIBA, ana a zaka 17 mpaka 34 akhoza kutenga nawo mpikisano wamayiko onse.

Kulimbana ndi amateurs

Masewera onse a masewera olimbitsa thupi amachitika malinga ndi malamulo a Olimpiki - pofuna kuthetsa. Kwa magulu osiyanasiyana a omenyana, pali njira yothetsera nkhondoyi:

• Anyamata 12-14 zaka: Otsutsa ndi gulu lachitatu akumenyana katatu kwa miniti imodzi, ndipo yoyamba ndi yachiwiri udindo - kwa theka limodzi ndi theka.
• Amayi a zaka 15-16, akazi ndi atsikana: Otsutsa amamenyana katatu (mphindi imodzi), komanso kalasi yoyamba ndi pamwamba - mphindi ziwiri iliyonse.
• Amuna ndi akazi: Oyamba - masewera atatu a theka limodzi ndi theka, ndipo malo oyambirira ndi apamwamba - magawo anayi a maminiti awiri.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pa mpikisano wothamanga wa Russia ndi masewera asanu kwa mphindi ziwiri. Nthawi zambiri nkhondo zimagwiridwa. Mu njirayi, fomu yomenyana ikhoza kukhala yozungulira itatu kapena inayi (maminiti atatu aliyense), kapena kuzungulira zisanu kapena zisanu (maminiti awiri aliyense).

Ndipo ngati mpikisano umachitika pamlingo waukulu kusiyana ndi chigawo chimodzi? Pankhaniyi, omenyana amamenyana molingana ndi nthawi yoyera: zosokonekera zosiyana pa mpikisano sizikuwerengedwa. Mwa njira, nthawi zonse mumakhala mphindi imodzi kuti mupumule pakati pa mapulogalamu.

Chabwino, apa tiri pang'ono ndipo tinaphunzira malamulo ofunika kwambiri. Timapitiriza ntchito yathu mwakhama. Choncho, mpikisano wa masewera olimbitsa thupi amagawidwa mu timu, gulu laumwini ndi laumwini.

Mu mpikisano wamasewera, womenyera amene akugonjetsa mphoto yomaliza. Pano, kuyambira pachinayi ndi pansi, mipando imagawidwa molingana ndi chiwerengero cha kupambana. Mu masewera a masewera , gulu limene linagonjetsa mfundo zambiri likupambana. Wopambana mu gawo lolemera amapatsidwa mfundo ziwiri. Kugonjetsedwa - mfundo imodzi. Ngati wolemba bokosiyo salipo kapena sanawonetsere mpikisano, mfundo sizinaperekedwe.

Mu mpikisano wa masewera aumwini, chigonjetso chimadaliranso ndi chiwerengero cha mfundo zomwe mwapeza. Kupambana - mfundo zisanu ndi ziwiri, malo achiwiri - mfundo zisanu, gawo lachitatu - mfundo 3.5, mpaka kumapeto kwa chigonjetso chilichonse amapatsidwa mfundo imodzi. Ndi chiwerengero chofanana, a laurel a wopambana apatsidwa kwa timu yomwe inatenga malo oyamba, ndi zina zotero.

Masewera okondweretsa kwambiri ndi mabokosi. Malamulo a nkhondo amalola anyamatawo kuti azikweza bokosi limodzi ndi anyamata-a zaka chimodzi. Juniors wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu amaloledwa kutenga nawo mbali m'nkhondo zakale. Pano mungathe kusewera ndi masewera omwewo. Oyimilira a gulu loyamba amaloledwa kumenyana ndi ambuye masewera, kuphatikizapo atsogoleri a dziko. Nthawi zonse, sikuloledwa kuchita nkhondo zoposa tsiku limodzi.

Mu masewerawa saloledwa kupikisana kwa amateurs fighters omwe adagwira nawo mpikisano wa akatswiri.

Kutsutsana kwa amateur

Mpikisano uliwonse ndi ndewu mumasewera amateur amayang'aniridwa ndi gulu la oweruza:

• Woweruza wamkulu akuyang'anira kutsatila kwa malamulo onse a nkhondo ndipo amapanga chisankho chomaliza pa mfundo zonse zamakono.
• Oweruza oyang'anira amafufuza momwe nkhondoyo ikuyendera ndikudziwitsa zotsatira za masewerawo.

Kawirikawiri, masewerawa amathandizidwa ndi oweruza asanu. Oweruza atatu amaloledwa, koma mpikisano umenewu sayenera kukhala wapamwamba kusiyana ndi chigawo cha chigawo. Wogwira ntchito nthawiyo amawonekeratu nthawi yolimbana ndi nkhonya. Woweruza wolengezayo amadziwitsa zambiri zokhudza mpikisanowo. Wofufuzirayo akuyang'ana kuti lamulo la omenyera pamphepetelo liwonongeke.

Oweruza amayang'anira kutsatiridwa kwa malamulo onse pamaso pa ochita masewera. Mtsogoleriyo akuwona zipangizo zamakono ndi zachuma za machesi. Bungwe la Russian Boxing Federation limasankha nthumwi yopita ku masewerawa, kumene, malinga ndi zotsatira zawo, womenya nkhondo angalandire mutu wa "Master of Sports of the Russian Federation".

Duel ikhoza kutumikira onse awiri ndi abambo. Oweruza a mpikisano sakuloledwa kupita kumenyana ndi amateur.

Pogwira ntchito, wotsutsayo amagwiritsa ntchito malamulo "Brack", "Stop", "Box". Amayang'anitsitsa ndi manja omwe amamvetsetsa kwa oweruza onse ndi olemba mabokosi. Mwa njira, malingana ndi mtundu wa kuphwanya, wofuulayo angapeze ndemanga kuchokera kwa wowonayo. Wopikisano angapangitsenso olakwira.

Bokosi la Thailand

Chabwino, tsopano tiphunzira malamulo a Thai boxing. Kodi masewerawa ndi ati? Bokosi la Thai, kapena Muay Thai, ndilo chida cha Thailand. Anachokera ku katswiri wakale wa nkhondo wotchedwa Thai muay boran. Kulimbana kumeneku kuli kofanana ndi zida zina za Indochinese. Mawu akuti "muay" amatanthawuza "kumasulira kwaulere", kapena "duel yaulere".

Muay Thai panopa amamenyedwa ndi ziboda, miyendo, mapazi, zilembo, ndi mawondo: chifukwa cha chikhalidwe ichi, amatcha "nkhondo ya anthu asanu ndi atatu". Muay Thai sali ngati wushu kapena karate. Kulimbana kumeneku sikungolandile maofesi apamwamba (kata, taolu). Iwo amalowetsedwa ndi kugawa, kugwiritsira ntchito matumba ndi "paws", zida zoyambira ziwiri kapena zitatu.

Ku Thailand, nkhondoyi inayamba kutchuka m'zaka za m'ma 1600. Zinali zozindikiridwa padziko lonse lapansi muzaka za makumi awiri zokha, pambuyo pa kupambana kokondweretsa kwa asilikali a Thai omwe anali oimira magulu ena ankhondo.

Pakadali pano, Muay Thai imapezeka ku Thailand: Anthu ammudzi amakondwerera tsiku la Muay Thai State Boxing chaka chilichonse. Kunja kwa dziko, kutchuka kwa Thai boxing kukuchulukira mpaka pano. Pambuyo pake, magulu ankhondo ophatikizana amapitiriza kukula. Zili choncho, iwo amagwiritsa mwamphamvu ntchito Muay Thai ku nkhondo. Masewerawa si Olimpiki, koma omenyana nawo amachitirako mpikisano wa mayiko, mayiko ndi mayiko onse.

Mitundu yolemera ya Muya Thai

Malinga ndi malamulo a Thai boxing, gulu lolemetsa liribe malire omveka bwino. Kaŵirikaŵiri wolimbana akhoza kukhala m'magulu awiri olemera. Zimadalira duel ndi malo ake. Mu Russian Federation muli magulu 12 kuchokera koyamba, wolemera kwambiri, wolemera (kuchokera pa makilogalamu 45) kufika pa olemera kwambiri (91 makilogalamu).

Kukula kwa mphete ya nkhondo kumadalira mtundu wa nkhondo. Ndipotu, malamulo a masewerawa amaganiza kuti gawo la nkhondo ya okwera mabokosi ayenera kukhala mamita 6-7 m'litali ndi m'lifupi.

Chovala

Kodi ndichinthu chotani chapadera cha ku bokosila ku Thai? Kuchokera kulemera kapena mpikisano sikudalira zida za ankhondo. Ayenera kuvala magolovesi khumi ndi awiri. Zing'onozing'ono kusiyana ndi mabokosi, koma zazikulu kusiyana ndi zogonjetsa nkhondo popanda malamulo. Ankhondo ayenera kukhala ndi chipolopolo chotetezera, kapu. Azimayi ayenera kuvala botolo lotetezera apa. Amateteza mawere kuti asapweteke.

Njira zoletsedwa za Muay Thai

Bokosi lotchedwa Thai limatchedwa masewera odabwitsa. Kukwapula, kugwidwa, ndi mantha zimaletsedwa apa. Koma kugwedeza kwa mphuno ndi kwakukulu. Ankhondo amatha kumenyana ndi ziwalo zonse za thupi. Mtundu uliwonse wa stroke ndi wa kagulu kena kakang'ono. Choncho, kukwapula m'manja kumagawanika mu zikopa, jabs, masewera olimbitsa thupi, zokopa ndi zina zotero.

Kukhazikitsidwa kumagawidwa mu mbali, mbali, kumenyana kuchokera kumapeto (kumbukirani Chuck Norris wamba), molunjika, kulumpha ndi zina zotero.

Pankhondoyi, zina mwachinyengo siziletsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, simukuloledwa kugunda kumbuyo kwa mutu, kuti mutsirize mdani wanu ngati atapopera muzenera. Komanso, kugwiritsira ntchito zida zowonongeka, girths kapena creases ndi manja m'matumba silololedwa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi zina, omenyana amayika fumbi pamutu ndikuponyera. Choncho, Muay Thai nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi kickboxing, yomwe ili pafupi ndi nkhondo zopanda malamulo.

Malamulo a Russia

Ndipo Russian Boxing Federation ikulamulira mpikisanowo "Boxing" yomwe inatulutsidwa mu 2012. Avomerezedwa ndi chisankho cha Presidium ku Boxing Federation ndi dongosolo la Ministry of Sports la Russian Federation.

Izi zimapangidwa kuganizira zofunikira za Malamulo ndi Malamulo a AIBA Tournaments (International Boxing Association), yomwe inayamba kugwira ntchito pa 24.03.2011. Ayenera kuwona mabungwe onse omwe amayambitsa nkhondo ku Russia konse. Otsogolera magulu, okonza bokosi, makosi ndi oweruza omwe akuchita nawo nkhondo ayenera kukwaniritsa zovomerezeka zonse.

Bokosi la Akazi

Nanga malamulo a abambo a amayi ndi otani? Zoonadi, malamulo a masewerawa ndi ofanana kwa amuna ndi akazi. Msilikali wolimbana ndi nkhondo amamenya nkhondo zokwana khumi, amateurs amamenya nkhondo zokha zisanu ndi chimodzi, zomwe zimakhala mphindi ziwiri (kutsutsana ndi maminiti atatu kwa amuna)

Kuwonjezera apo, oseŵera onse amafunika kuvala zishango zapulasitiki zapadera, kutetezera bere. Kupezeka kwa zipangizo zoterezi kumapangitsanso mbali ina ya bokosi la azimayi, komwe ambiri amatha kutsogolera mutu, ndipo mbali yaying'ono ndi ya thupi.

Cholinga chachikulu cha nkhondoyi ndi kukwaniritsa chigonjetso, chomwe chimalandiridwa mwa njira zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti mumenyane nawo. Ndipotu, mpikisano ya mdani pamwamba pa lamba imatha, ndipo sangathe kupitirizabe kumenyana.

Ngati mmodzi wa ankhondo akugwedezeka ndi kuwuka kwa nthawi inayake, nkhondoyo idzapitirirabe. Kukhalapo kwa kogogoda kumaimitsa nkhondoyo isanakwane.

Kotero ife tinazindikira malamulo a mabokosi. Tikukhulupirira kuti, wina wa inu atha kukhala ndi cholinga chokhala wopewera bokosi kapena kuti azitha kuyang'ana masewera omwe mumawakonda.