Nkhope kumuika: mbiri ya ntchito bwino kwambiri. Nkhope kumuika mu Russia

Mu 1997 pa zikwangwani panali yonthunthumilitsa zosangalatsa momwe mulinso John Travolta ndi Nicolas khola la "Nkhope." The protagonist filimuyo akupitirira ndi ulendo zosaneneka ndi kupanga kumuika nkhope. Pa nthawi imeneyo, nkhani yofanana monga wosangalatsa anafotokoza. Today nkhope kumuika sikawirikawiri kugwirizana ndi mbiri ya yonthunthumilitsa wotchuka osatinso zikuoneka kuti nthano, pambuyo onse a dziko lapansi akhala zingapo ntchito amenewa anapereka kukonza odwala chiyembekezo cha moyo watsopano ndipo nkhope.

nkhani

Ntchito yoyamba ya kubwezeretsedwa kunja zinachitikadi ndi dokotala Harold Gillies mu lakutali 1917. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira izo zinali maziko ake opaleshoni pulasitiki umakhala ina yatsopano mankhwala.

chimodzi cha zovuta kwambiri ndi zikuluzikulu ntchito mu mbiri - Mu 2005, woyamba nkhope kumuika unkachitika mu France. Popeza ndiye analemba kupatsa kuposa 30 ziyende bwino. Mumadziwika ndi zinthu zoopsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Chinese Li Guoxing bwino anapirira opaleshoni, anathawa kuchokera ku chipatala ndipo anamwalira pamene akuyesetsa dolechitsya kunyumba.

Woyamba bwino nkhope kumuika mu Russia mu May 2015. Kutsegula mwayi wakhala kutsogolera wamphamvu chitukuko cha opaleshoni ano ndi odwala ambiri, anatipatsa chiyembekezo kuti apeze zotheka. Pamene woyamba nkhope kumuika mu Russia, zithunzi mtima ndi madokotala amene ankachita nawo ntchito zovuta, anthu ambiri padziko lonse.

odwala

Nkhope kumuika - n'kwakukulu komanso yosowa kwambiri opareshoni. Mbiri ya aliyense wa odwala amene ali ndi mwayi kuti achire kuvulala sizingasinthe, anatenga kukhudzana anthu. Nthawi zina, zinali funso maganizo zokongoletsa anthu wopunduka mu moyo wina anali pangozi. Anthu ambiri ataya mwayi kumva zawo kudya, onani ndipo ngakhale kupuma chifukwa zotupa chonyansa nkhope.

Pa mayesero onsewa, kusankha ntchito imene yadyedwa monga dokotala pulasitiki ndi mtima, monga ndondomeko amatenda chiopsezo kwambiri ku thanzi ndi moyo wa wodwalayo. Nkhope kumuika zinachitikadi kuti anthu amene anazunzika chifukwa cha moto, iye anali kapolo wa nkhondo, kulipira ake ndi zolakwa za ena.

Kuvuta opaleshoni

Pa opaleshoni ya madokotala akukumana ndi mavuto ambiri. Pofuna kukwaniritsa bwino zodzikongoletsera zotsatira madokotala kugwira ntchito ndi kwathunthu khungu kumezanitsa, amene si anasamutsidwa bwino. kubwezeretsedwa ali nako osati kwa epithelium, komanso minofu chichereŵechereŵe, fupa minofu.

Childs, ambiri ziwalo anakhudzidwa ndi choncho kuonongeka kuti ayenera m'malo. Kupatsidwa zina munthu amafunika mwiniwake minofu imene nthawi yaitali kuphunzira pofuna kupewa mavuto zotheka. Kukonzekera ntchito amatenga kuposa chaka, zomwe zipita kusankha munthu zovuta minofu wodwalayo, Kupenda wake ndi yokonza ziwalo mwiniwake. Ndondomeko lonse, kuphatikizapo nthawi konzanso, kugulitsidwa madola miliyoni angapo.

ntchito ndi zovuta zikuphatikizapo magawo angapo, omwe amafuna ntchito yolongosoka mwa akatswiri a, ndende ndi chidwi. Kupatsidwa zina amapitirizabe kwa maola oposa 10, ndiponso kuti apeze zonse zambiri zofunika kuti ntchito zingapo.

nthawi konzanso

Ambiri ntchito zikuluzikulu zimachititsa mavuto mu nthawi postoperative. Nkhope kumuika opaleshoni yotero. mavuto okhudza anatengera zimakhala ena ndi kumera mu zotengera magazi. The luso lamakono ndi yofufuza kuthandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo matendawo.

Kumasuka ku kupatsidwa zina amapitirizabe kwa zaka zingapo. Mu moyo wa odwala amene amakakamizidwa kutenga mankhwala kuti salola minofu kukanidwa. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa ntchito maganizo ndi munthu amene mogwirizana azikhala ndi maonekedwe atsopano. Ngakhale pali mavuto, aliyense wa iwo kupatsidwa ndi mwayi woyamikira ndipo adzasangalala ndi moyo, osati manyazi nkhope yake.

Patrick Hardison

Mu 2001, moto pofuna kupulumutsa mkazi m'nyumba imene ikuyaka. Mwatsoka, pofuna zinachititsa kuti zilonda zamoto kuti maonekedwe owonongeka nkhope yake ndi chapamwamba torso Patrick. makutu kutenthedwa, mphuno, milomo ndi zikope, munthu saatha masomphenya ake ndi chikhulupiriro m'tsogolo. Iye anazunzidwa zofunika nkhope kumuika. Isanayambe kapena itatha: tsoka liri analekanitsa moyo wa munthu wovulalayo.

Kwa zaka zingapo, moto anachita zambiri zoposa 70 ntchito kuyambirira, ntchito yokonza kwambiri kumuika anatenga pafupi chaka. Patapita maola 26 ntchito pa tebulo ya opareshoni mu kampani ya zoposa 100, madokotala, Patrick anapeza nkhope latsopano. Izi ndi ntchito yoyamba mu mbiri imene wovulalayo mokwanira m'malo ndi nkhope yake pa mwiniwake.

Isabelle Dinuar

Mu 2005 ku France, woyamba tsankho nkhope kumuika mu dziko unachitikira, imene mtima anali kuziika osati khungu komanso mphuno, milomo ndi chibwano. Malinga ndi akatswiri, chifukwa cha zovuta kwambiri mu kupatsidwa zina. Kumuika bwino anauzira zina madokotala pulasitiki pa chitukuko zina zoterozo opareshoni zosaneneka, monga nkhope kumuika. Photos isanayambe kapena itatha konzanso mumasonyeza kuti kusintha kwabwino mu maonekedwe a wovulalayo.

Izabel Dinuar anali maonekedwe owonongeka ndi galu wake. Pofuna kuthetsa moyo wake, anamwa zambiri ogonetsa. The galu sanathe kudzuka mwini, ndi wosachiritsika Labrador alumidwa nkhope Isabel. Iye anagalamuka ku dziwe magazi, ndipo pambuyo kuchapa anapeza kuti theka la nkhope yake akusowa. Madokotala yomweyo anavomera sungathe kuti achire matupi ndipo anapereka wovulalayo kupatsidwa zina.

Dallas Vince

Mu 2011, mwiniwake wa fano latsopano anali munthu Texas. Mu zaka zitatu asanachite opareshoni iye analandira mphamvu mantha magetsi, chifukwa mu nthawi yomweyo oplavilas kumtunda kwa nkhope. Anamenyera moyo wake tsiku ndi theka, koma maso, mphuno, milomo ndi matupi ena adzanyekeratu. munthu anakhala zaka zingapo ndi nkhope kwenikweni, anadyetsedwa kudzera chubu, koma musadandaule. Ngakhale kuvulala, iye anapita peza ndi kuyenda. Watsopanowo munthu akuyembekezera nkhope kumuika. Photo anapangidwa pambuyo khama pulasitiki Madokotala, ananena kuti maonekedwe a wovulalayo zasintha.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, Dallas analankhulanso, anachira maganizo ake kununkhiza. Mwatsoka, masomphenya sakanakhoza ankamangidwanso, koma pafupifupi onse maonekedwe a nkhope wodwalayo akhoza kuphunzira onse kachiwiri. Pakali pano, nkhope yake pafupifupi mwathunthu zinchito kuposa sangathe kudzitama odwala onse amene akukonza opareshoni zimenezi.

Oscar

Mu 2005, ndi Spanish ulimi ngozi. Chifukwa cha munthu gunshot chilonda kuti munthu pafupifupi mwathunthu akagwidwa, iye n'kusiya mphuno, mano, milomo, cheekbones. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, Oscar (pansi pa dzina uyu ndi munthu zili pa Intaneti) mu kuwombera yekha mwangozi. Wozunzidwayo anakhala ndi vutoli kwa zaka zisanu mpaka anagwapo vuto lina - pakamwa omangika khungu, kuwamana anthu kudya, kulankhula, kupuma.

Mu 2010, mmodzi wa yaitali mu mbiri ya opaleshoni pulasitiki pa nkhope kumuika zinachitikadi. Madokotala anali kubwezeretsa anataya ziwalo zambiri ndipo zimakhala. Chifukwa cha khama la madokotala, Oscar kachiwiri kuyamwitsa yekha ndi kupuma.

Carmen Tarleton

Nkhani yake ndi monga zomvetsa chisoni monga odwala ena akufunikira nkhope kumuika. The makumi chaka mkazi anaukira naye mwamuna, Carmen ziwalo kupitirira kuzindikira. Iye ziwalo nkhope mkazi wake ndi thupi mwa njira Akamva ndi botolo acid. miyezi itatu wovulalayo anakhala mu chikomokere kwa zaka zisanu zotsatizana iye anali maopaleshoni 55. Ziwalo thupi kwenikweni anasonkhana piecemeal Pamene posoka malo anatentha khungu latsopano, anatengedwa kuchokera ku mapazi ake, ndi kwa kutero.

Mwatsoka, khama opaleshoni anathandiza kupulumutsa moyo wa Carmen, koma sakubwerera ku nkhope yake, ndipo ndi izo kulankhula, kudya paokha, akumwetulira. Mu 2013, madokotala anachita opaleshoni ina experimental, kumezetsanitsa wodwalayo nkhope akufa mkazi 56 wazaka. Kukhala mwakhama ndi yaitali konzanso, Carmen relearn kudya, kulankhula, kupuma, ndi kuchita mwai wina amene akuoneka wathanzi munthu wophweka. Iye anapeza mphamvu kumukhululukira mwamuna, ndipo ngakhale analemba bukhu za tsoka yake yovuta. Osati maonekedwe, komanso moyo wa mkazi anasintha nkhope kumuika: zithunzi pamaso ndipo pambuyo pa tsokalo, ndikupempha panokha kutsimikizira izi.

Richard Norris

Pambuyo Pofuna zinalephereka kudzipha ndi gunshot kumutu ndi mfuti mnyamata anakakamizika kubisa kwa anthu achilendo kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Kenako mu 1997, madokotala anali okhoza kupulumutsa moyo wake, koma nkhope wosawoneka sichinayambe anakonza - mafupa adamenyedwa, opunduka chibwano, lilime mwakuchitika kwina. Richard anaonekera mu msewu okha usiku, kuvala chipewa ndi chigoba amene abisa nkhope wosawoneka.

zaka khumi ndi zisanu, mayi a wovulalayo anapeza dokotala amene ali wokonzeka kuchita ntchito pa ntchito yomanga ya nkhope, ndipo kudzipha analephera yomweyo anavomera kutenga chiopsezo. Mu 2012, munthu msonkhano 36 maola opareshoni, kumupatsa maonekedwe atsopano. nkhope Richard anali kupita kwa minofu angapo mwiniwake omwe, n'zosadabwitsa, mwamsanga anakakhala pansi. Tsopano zilibe ayende Goggles odutsa. Anaphunzira kulankhula kachiwiri, paokha, pali ngakhale akumwetulira. Nkhope kumuika pamaso ndipo pambuyo kuchira bwino wakhala kokha njira kusiya zimenezi. Mwamwayi, zonse zinatha bwino.

Nkhope kumuika mu Russia

madokotala zoweta anatsegula njira kuti latsopano, moyo wabwinobwino wa msilikali, anavutika amayaka kwambiri thupi lonse, chifukwa cha umene irreversibly kuonongeka nkhope. Chipulumutso ndi kubwezeretsa anthu ntchito makumi atatu kunachitika, koma madokotala pulasitiki sanathe kwathunthu vuto la wovulalayo.

Opaleshoni yoyamba kuti ndikasendeza munthu Russia zinachitikadi, monga tanenera kale, mu May 2015. Moscow madokotala kukonzekera kwa zaka zitatu, kuyeserera pa chithunzi cha chitsanzo mtima munthu. Kupatsidwa zina, omwe anali nawo madokotala eyiti, patatha maola 15. Chochitika olengeza ankachita okha November pamene akatswiri anali ndi chikhulupiriro chonse mu zinthu ziwayendere bwino pa ntchito ndi umoyo wa wodwalayo. Madokotala zolinga unakwaniritsidwa nkhope kumuika mu Russia, chithunzi opulumutsidwa, zolimbikitsa anali kupambana kwa Russian opaleshoni pulasitiki.

Kuwonjezera luso ndi zinachitikira mpata mavuto ambiri zosaneneka, akupatsa anthu ofunitsitsa wachita tchimo lalikulu angachire. Nkhope kumuika, ndithudi, sizidzapita posachedwa m'tsogolo misa ndondomeko, chifukwa pamafunika ndalama yaikulu khama, nthawi, ndalama. Komabe, Russia ndi ankafuna kuti apitirizebe kuchititsa ntchito ngati odwala zizindikiro zoyenera mankhwala.