Nthano - ndi nzeru zaka zakubadwa za anthu Russian

Kodi nthano, ndi cholinga chake mu moyo wa pafupifupi munthu aliyense? Ndani wa ife ana sanazimve izi zodabwitsa wosangalatsa pa milomo ya mayi anga kapena agogo sindinawerenge iwo ku sukulu ya mkaka, syllable ndi syllable, zilibe pochitika, monga mabuku maphunziro kusukulu? Ndipo zojambula ndi mafilimu Mbali zochokera? Tikhoza kunena kuti nthano - ndi chinachake chimene anakula m'badwo kuposa wina wa anthu, koma osati mu dziko lathu. Chinachake chimene amaphunzitsa ndi ndipamene umunthu wa munthu wina aliyense.

tanthauzo

Koma si aliyense amene amatha bwino akuti "nthano - izo ..." Ndipo, chimodzimodzi, ndi nthano? Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mitundu yonse ya otanthauzira. Iwo nthano - ndi wamkulu komanso woyamba ntchito nthano zikhulupiriro zongomva pakamwa, nkhani ya ngwazi ndi zochitika, kawirikawiri fictitious, wadutsa kuchokera mkamwa pakamwa. Koma mu zaka ziwiri zapitazi anthu awa mwakhama ntchito lofalitsidwa mu mabuku ndi manambala chachikulu, chotero kuti ife nthawi zonse ayenera osati kumvera, komanso kuwerenga. Folk nthano - ndi ntchito zopeka. Iwo akhoza kusiyana ndi nkhani ngati "odalirika monga" chitsanzo bylina.

zolembalemba

Ndiyeno pali mabuku nthano. Iye, mosiyana kwa anthu, nthano ndi wolemba (nthawi zina amatchedwa wolemba). Nthawi zambiri ntchito izi zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi wowerengeka. Nthawi zina wolemba chabe mabuku ofotokozera iwo, popanda kuwonjezera chirichonse, koma pali nthano, kumene zopangira ndi pererabatan kwathunthu. M'nthano ali yoyamba la wolemba mabuku ali ndi malo yaikulu mu gulu mabuku. Koma nkhani za mlembi wa olemba otchuka moyenerera za chuma cha zapamwamba dziko mabuku amenewa.

makhalidwe ena

Ngati ife kulankhula za ziwalo zina za mawu nthano, mwina kudziŵika kuti mawu limanenedwa mophiphiritsira chinachake wosangalatsa namuyesa, nthawi zina mumangire zinthu wamba moyo. Nthawi zina icho, kotero kuti palibe amene amakhulupirira: zopeka wangwiro, mabodza, nthano (ngakhale ndi kudetsa zoipa).

Origin mawu

Malinga ndi asayansi, mawu amenewa amapezeka mu ntchito mpaka m'ma 17 amachokera "kutsimikizira" amene amatanthauza "mndandanda" kapena "kufotokoza molondola". Mu zochitika masiku ano, mawu akuti "nthano" anagwiritsidwa ntchito ina, ndi kale ntchito mawu akuti "nthano" amatanthauza mfundo yomweyo.

Gulu la nkhani wowerengeka

Akatswiri wowerengeka nkhani kuti iwo zochokera nthano, zilibe tanthauzo ake opatulika. Mfundo kugwirizana ndi miyambo ina. Mu nthano mbali luso akubwera patsogolo. Ndiponso zimene zikuchitika kunja kwa madera amene alipo. Ntchito imeneyo amakhala ndi: anonymous, losonkhanitsidwa ndi orality. Mwachidule, Folk nthano alibe wolemba yapaderadera, transmits narrators angapo mawu a pakamwa, kusunga chiwembu zofunika. Nthawi zina kuwonjezera mfundo iliyonse mmene yofanana. Inu mukhoza kunena kuti ntchito za CNT (folklore) ali cholengedwa losonkhanitsidwa. Malinga ndi muyezo gulu la ofufuza folklore zolengedwa zonse izi zikhoza kugawidwa mu nkhani za nyama kapena zomera, chikhalidwe zopanda moyo kapena zinthu, matsenga, cholemetsa, chokhala, novelistic ndi ena. Mu gululo ili mulinso anecdotes ndi nkhani.

nthano banja

Izi - kulozera ku ntchito novelistic wa CNTs. nkhani zoweta zatenga malo m'malo zikuluzikulu folklore dziko. Iwo ndi osiyana, mwachitsanzo, matsenga kuli pa mtima zochitika nkhani ku moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Iwo ali, monga ulamuliro, palibe zopeka, koma zilembo zenizeni: mkazi ndi mwamuna, wamalonda ndi msilikali, njonda ndi wantchito, Pop, etc. Iwo amagwira ntchito pa mwambo m'kamwa anthu aku- mbuye kapena wansembe za osasamala mkazi malangizo za msilikali mochenjera, okhala nzeru. Ambiri, banja nthano - ntchito kunyumba kapena banja lathu. Main chisoni: wofikapo msilikali, aluso ndi savvy ntchito komanso kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo, nthawi zina kudutsa vuto azithunzithunzi kapena wowopsa. Pamene munthu wapezeka Nkhani Izitu n'zovutitsa. nkhani zoterozo amakhala kochepa. chiwembu akufotokozera mwamsanga, pa malo a ntchito yanthaŵi lina, ndikuyang'ana ngati nkhani nthano. Izi nkhani banja, malinga Belinsky, khalidwe labwino, munthu, ndi khalidwe ndi maonekedwe a anthu Russian: malingaliro akathyali, kukhoza Izitu n'zovutitsa, kuphweka ntchitoyo. nkhani m'banja mulibe mantha, palibe matsenga apadera, koma n'zotheka anapatsidwa Izitu n'zovutitsa ndi sewero lanthabwala. Kunja ofanana ndi mankhwala amaoneka ngati nthano phindu. Izi n'zopanda yonena - chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zambiri luso limeneli.

Zitsanzo za nkhani banja

Iwo Lembani ndithu kwambiri: "The mwini ndi galu," "Fedul ndi Melanie", "njonda ndi munthu", "A wopusa ndi birch", "maliro Mbuzi," "yunifolomu msilikali", "mphika".

Aliyense amakumbukira, mwina, banja nthano "phala nkhwangwa", imene msilikali lakuthwa-witted akamaphika mbale ngati kuchokera kanthu (nkhwangwa wina), koma akugwiritsa akupempha pa landlady adyera zinthu zonse zofunikira.