Mitundu yotumizira: kufotokoza, chithunzi

Okonzanso zamakono akuika makina osiyanasiyana a magalimoto pamagalimoto, ndipo izi sizongokhala zowonongeka zokha. Ngakhalenso mabokosi opangidwa ndi zosavuta zogawidwa amagawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo ali ndi zizindikiro. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa mitundu yomwe ilipo yamabuku a magalasi. Chithunzi osati kokha - kenako mu nkhaniyi.

Kutumiza mawotchi

Kuchokera kwa kupangidwa kwa kayendedwe ka mawotchi kwadutsa zaka zoposa zana. Pazaka zonsezi, opanga ndi akatswiri a injini alowetsa mu kayendedwe ka bokosi lamasitomala kusintha kwakukulu komwe kwatheka kuthetsa njirayi kuti ikhale yangwiro, ndipo panopa palibe zolakwa zazikulu zomwe zimakhalabe mu bokosilo. Mankhwalawa tsopano akuwoneka ngati osavuta komanso ophweka, ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri yopangira makina a magalasi. Koma mukhoza kutcha losavuta ndi losavuta kabokosi kokha, kumene chiwerengero cha masitepe sichiposa 5 - ichi ndicho chabwino kwambiri. Okonza zamakono amapanga MKPP ndipo ali ndi magawo ambiri, mwachitsanzo, pali mitundu yambiri ya makina opangira magetsi okhala ndi masitepe asanu ndi limodzi. Komabe, izi sizikukhudza momwe magetsi amakono amakwaniritsira.

Makina opangira mawonekedwe oyenerera

Ndondomeko yotumizirayi malinga ndi chipangizo komanso ntchitoyi ikugwiritsanso ntchito makina. Lingaliro logwiritsira ntchito chipangizo chotere pa magalimoto aumphawi linafika kwa oyang'anira injini kuchokera ku motorsport. Njirayi imagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mwambo wamakono, koma magalimoto amayendetsedwa ndi magetsi. Chinthu chachikulu cha mitundu iyi ya makanema ndikuti amalemekeza mfundo yosinthira ndi kusagwirizana. Izi zimatonthoza komanso zosangalatsa pakuyendetsa galimoto - ziribe kanthu kutalika komwe mukuyenera kuyenda. Zina mwa ubwino wa kusintha kwa maselowa, zimatha kusiyanitsa kuthekera kosankha njira zoyendetsa bwino mofulumira, kusinthasintha mofulumira popanda kuvulaza magalimoto pamtunda. Kuwonjezera apo, ubwino ndi momwe dalaivala amathetsera kusinthasintha - gudumu ili ndi mapepala apadera a lobes omwe amakulolani kuti mutembenukire nthawi yomweyo gear yoyenera. Zitsulozi zimagwiritsa ntchito magalasi okhala ndi mano owongoka, koma synchronizers, omwe ali muzinthu zachikhalidwe - salipo. Kufulumizitsa kwa magalasi kumayanjanitsidwa mwagwiritsira ntchito liwu lachangu mulojekiti yoyendetsa. Mitunduyi ya mabokosi amakonda kwambiri madalaivala oyendetsa galimoto, chifukwa kuchepa kwa 80% pa nthawi yotsalira. Izi zimapangitsa galimoto kukhala yabwino kwa oyamba, kwa madalaivala odziwa ntchito.

Bokosi lotsegula robotiki

Machitidwe a roboti ndi mitundu ya makina opangira magetsi omwe sali opanga kapena osakanikirana. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogwiritsira ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito zowonongeka kungathe kuyerekezedwa ndi magetsi, koma magetsi amachititsa kusintha, ndipo galimoto yapadera yamagetsi imayankha njira zothetsera magalimoto. Mipukutu ya Rodnikit yomwe ili ndi mawotchi kuti maziko a mapangidwe amenewa ndi MKPP yachikhalidwe, koma mthunzi uliwonse uli ndi makina ake. Mbali yowonongeka yomwe mabungwe a magalasiwa ali nawo ndikumatha kuwerengera kachilomboka, komwe panthaŵiyo idzakhala yabwino kwambiri mwa mtundu wina. Pazithunzithunzi zoterozo n'zotheka kunena kuti zimagwirizana ndi makina opangira. Komabe, izi ndi mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa makina ndi mawotchi othandizira pa mtengo ndi ntchito.

Mankhwala opatsirana mawonekedwe

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kutumiza kwa galimoto kungakhale kosiyana ndi kapangidwe ndi kachitidwe. Mabokosi onse omwe alipo padziko lapansi angagawidwe muwiri ndi atatu. Pazifukwa zonse, pali ubwino ndi zozizwitsa.

MKPP yazitsulo ziwiri

Shaft yoyendetsera galimotoyi imatsimikiziranso kugwirizana kwa clutch. Shaft yothamangitsidwa ili m'njira yoti pamakhala magalasi okhala ndi magudumu ankhondo. Zonsezi zimapanga kusiyana kosiyana kwapadera. Njira yosinthira ikhoza kuperekedwa ndi ndodo kapena pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zapadera. Njira yophweka, yothandiza, komanso yodalirika imayesedwa ngati zingwe. Mitundu ina yamagulu a magalasi (VAZ-2107, mwachitsanzo) ali ndi galimoto yotereyi. Imeneyi imakhalanso magalimoto ambiri. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito cheke yotereyi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi kayendetsedwe kake ka zolemba zitatu. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pawo mu mbali zina za kuphatikizidwa kwa magalimoto. Pamene magalimoto akugwiritsidwa ntchito, chiwindicho chigawidwa pazolowera komanso pozungulira. Ndipo kusankha kwa mauthenga okhumba kumaperekedwa kudzera mu zinthu zonse ndi kuyanjana kwawo.

MKPP itatu-Cholinga

Mapangidwe a bokosi la gear amapereka kupezeka kwa mthunzi woyendetsa ndi wothamangitsidwa. Zili ndi ma synchronizers ndi magetsi, komanso njira yosinthira magalimoto. Ndi chithandizo cha shaft yoyendetsa galimoto, njirayo imagwirizana ndi clutch. Kuwonjezera pa galimoto yoyendetsa galimoto, palinso mzere wamkati, womwe umaphatikizapo magalasi ochokera pambali. Kusintha kwa kayendedwe kamene kali mu nyumba zosungira anthu. Mapangidwe ake ali ndi zowonongeka ndi mafoloko. Pofuna kuchotsa opaleshoni ziwiri panthawi yomweyo, njira zowonongeka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mabokosi awa samapereka kuti azigwiritsira ntchito nthunzi kumbuyo kwa magudumu. Dalaivala atasunthira chiwongolero chowongolera, kusuntha kumayenda. Kupyolera mwa izo mwamsanga zimagwirizanitsidwa.

Mitundu yazomwe zimachitika pokhapokha

Nzika za m'midzi zimasankha automaton. Msonkhano wofunika kwambiri wopititsa kachilomboka ndiwophweka. Ndipo inde, pokhapokha, pokhapokha ngati njira yothandizira njira yothandizira otsogolera m'misewu imakhala yosavuta. Koma nchiyani chomwe chimabisika pansi pa "automaton" yodziwika kwa wokonda galimoto aliyense? Tiyeni tiwone kuti ndi mitundu yanji yamabotolo omwe amaperekedwa ndi opanga makono.

Kutumiza kwa Hydrotransformator kokha

Ichi ndi chachidule pakati pa mauthenga odzidzimutsa. Njirayi ndi yokonzanso mawotchi komanso wotembenuza. Njira yopititsira mkaka kuchokera injini kupita ku yoyamba ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito yachiwiri. Mpweya wothamanga wa hydraulic ndi mpukutu wamapope, womwe umatulutsidwa ndi motor. Gudumu imapereka timene timagwiritsa ntchito mafuta, ndipo imapangitsa kuti ziwalozo ziziyendayenda pamtsuko waukulu. Ndi ubwino wonse, wotembenuza maulendo ali ndi zotsika kwambiri. Koma izi zimaposa kusinthasintha kwa kayendetsedwe kake, kusintha kosavuta kwa torque, komanso kuchepetsa kutsika kwa katundu.

Tiptronic

Ili ndi bokosi la hydromechanical lomwe liri ndi mwayi wotsogolera. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, machitidwewa anaikidwa m'ma 90 a magalimoto a Porsche, ndipo kenako anayamba chidwi ndi BMW, Audi, komanso ena odzipanga. Chochititsa chidwi - wopanga ali ndi chidaliro kuti ichi si chimodzi mwa mitundu ya kusintha kwachangu, koma mtundu wa kusintha. Mwachizoloŵezi chokha, kutumiza kumeneku kumagwira ntchito mofanana ndi chizoloŵezi chachizolowezi chotumiza. Komabe, dalaivala ali ndi mwayi nthawi iliyonse kuti agwiritse ntchito galimotoyo moyenera - ndi yabwino kwambiri nthawi zina. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsira ntchito mfundoyi, mungagwiritse ntchito injini yopaka injini. Zina mwa ubwino wa njirazi ndi mafuta, omwe ndi ochepa kuposa a hydrotransformer. Chokhumudwitsa n'chakuti nkhaniyi ili ndi miyeso yambiri, ndipo liwiro limasintha.

Multitronic

Ndondomekoyi idapangidwa ndi akatswiri a injini ochokera ku Audi. Chidziwikiritso cha mapangidwe ndikuti palibe zochitika pazomwezi. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo dalaivala amatha kusinthitsa magalimoto. Mfundo ya dongosolo lino imachokera ku mauthenga a V-belt. Monga mfundo yaikulu, chosinthika chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, chomwe chimasintha nthawi. Komabe, simungathe kuyerekezera zamtundu wina wamakono ndi zamakono zamakono a CVT - mapangidwe ake amasiyana ndi mawonekedwe osinthasintha mosalekeza potsatira njira zovuta komanso m'malo mwa mabotolo apadera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Zina mwa ubwino zingathe kusiyanitsa kuthamanga kwabwino, zinthu zabwino komanso mafuta ochepa. Zizindikiro zogwira ntchito sizomwe zili zochepa kwa magalimoto omwe amatha kutumiza. Mitengo yapamwamba, zovuta kukonzanso ndi kusamalira, zochepa.

CVT yosasinthasintha, kapena CVT

Mu maonekedwe, mawonekedwe opatsirana awa sali osiyana kwambiri ndi chizoloŵezi chothandizira kupititsa patsogolo, koma mfundo ya ntchito apa ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Palibenso magalimoto apa, ndipo palibe chosinthika. Zowonongeka kwa gear, ndipo motero mphukira, imasintha nthawi zonse mosasamala kanthu kuti galimoto ikufulumira kapena imachepetsanso.

Chidule

Makampani amakono amakono sakuima. Zatsopano ndi zogwira mtima zikupangidwa nthawi zonse. Palinso mitundu ina ya makina ojambula - mwatsoka, sikungatheke kunena za chirichonse padziko lapansi.