Dovmont (Pskov kalonga): Wambiri, zochuluka

Dovmont Prince (Timoteo) - Pskov kazembe 1266-1299 gg. Mu nkhani, Iye adalowa monga mtsogoleri wodziwa nkhondo. Dovmont anamanganso anafotokoza mu mbiri yakale. Makamaka bwinobwino nkhondo ndi Germany ndi Lithuanians. Mu ulamuliro wake, Pskov m'zaka 13 kwenikweni kuchotsa kudalira ku Novgorod.

yonena

Dovmont (Kalonga wa Pskov) anali mwana ndi m'bale wa Mindaugas Voishelk, malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, ndi pa zina - wachibale Troydenya. iye anali ku Lithuania anali ndi nkhani zambiri za Nalshanskaya. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, Dovmont anakwatira mlongo wa mkazi wa Mindaugas. Mu Bychowiec Chronicle limanena kuti iye anakwatira mlongo wake wa mkazi wake Narimonta. Malinga ndi mbiri, maumboni, Dovmont anatenga gawo mwachindunji kuphedwa Mindaugas mu 1263-m. Kenako anagwada asayanjidwe ndi Voishelk. Otsiriza mu 1264, anamva ankamuona ngati kalonga wamphamvu kwambiri mu Lithuania.

Maonekedwe pa nthaka Russian

Mu 1265-mamita Dovmont kumanzere Lithuania ndipo anapita Pskov. Pa nthawi imeneyo, mzinda anakumana nthawi mwachilungamo zovuta. Alexander Nevsky wafa posachedwapa. Wolamulira watsopano, Prince Yaroslav, analibe mphamvu ngakhale matalente kuti anali m'bale wake wamkulu. mphamvu yake zisanathe anakhazikitsa - Novgorod vechniki sanafune kuzindikira mbuye wake. Grand Duke kuika Svyatoslav kazembe, mwana wake. The zambiri ine ndinaganiza si za kulimbitsa malire ndi pa kuphatikiza la mphamvu ya wolamulira mzindawo. Choncho iye anathetsa pa Prince Yaroslav.

Komabe, mzinda ankafunika wina loopsa angateteze anthu ku Order, Lithuania, ndipo palibe udindo wolamulira wamkulu. kusankha anthu anagwa pa Dovmont. Palibe zogwirizana iye Lithuania, ndipo pano iye sanali mlendo. olamulira ambiri Chilituyaniya amapezeka ku Asilavo ndi m'chinenero chawo ndi Russian.

Maonekedwe m'mbiri Dovmont lili shorthand zokwanira. Lemba limanena kuti Voishelk analanda Lithuania, ndi m'bale wake anathamanga ndi timu. Mu mpingo anabatizidwa ndipo analandira dzina lake Timoteyo. Dovmont anakhala mfumu yatsopano ya mzinda. Mpaka imfa yake, anapatsa kuteteza anthu ndi malire. Iye anatchuka lupanga Dovmont. Kenako, anadalitsidwa ndi zochita ankhondo onse. zaka 200 pambuyo pake izo mwakachetechete m'manja mwana wa Basil II Mdima - Yuri.

The adani a Polotsk

Dovmont (Kalonga wa Pskov) anatsogolera kumuwombera, ndi "nainte atatu" karate amuna. Ndi iwo anali Davide Yakunovich, Lithuanians - Luka Litvin. Amuna zitengere amaona nkhalango zowirira, kutambasula kwa p. Wopambana Dvina. Pakuti adani mwadzidzidzi waukulu ndi wamphamvu mu Polotsk Dovmont simukanati mphamvu. Komabe, iye anatha kugwila Gerdeni mkazi ndi ana. Yolanda olemera zofunkha panjira, iye anasiya Polotsk. convoys onse anatha anabwera kudutsa Dvina, pamene Gerdenya kusonkhanitsa lankhondo. Kuwoloka mtsinje Dovmont alimira kuiŵala nyama ndi akaidi Pskov ndi gawo la asilikali ake. Anatulukira Lithuanians. Guardian anachenjezedwa Dovmont nthawi. Iye anasonkhanitsa asilikali okwera pamahatchi mwadzidzidzi anagunda Lithuanians. Adani alibe ngakhale nthawi kutenga dongosolo. Choncho magazi pang'ono (mmodzi yekha anaphedwa Derpt) Dovmont anapambana nkhondoyo wake woyamba.

ntchito yatsopano

Mu 1267-mamita akazembe Russian anasamukira ku Lithuania. m'madera malire a boma anawonongedwa. Lithuanians sizinangolephera aziteteza dziko lawo, koma samabwera akuwatsatira. Monga kulembamo amafotokoza, Novgorod ndi Pskov ambiri anamenyana pa chaka, nadza kwa m'zigawo ndi lossless. Pa porubezhe sanakumane yopanda magazi amenewa ndi yokopa bwino. Lithuanians kwa nthawi yaitali idaleka anawazunza awo.

"Mtendere" ndi Germany

Scaring Lithuania Dovmont (Kalonga wa Pskov) anaganiza kuti agwirizane ndi gulu lalikulu nkhondo Akhristu. nkhondo chifukwa masitepe zitsulo Ankhondo Chidanishi, amene mizu okha m'mizinda m'mphepete mwa nyanja Rakovore ndi Kolyvan. Iwo anali kupewedwa kusinthanitsa Novgorod.

M'nyengo yozizira 1268 woyamba akazembe Russian ndi magulu awo ankhondo atasonkhana kunja kwa mpanda wa mzinda. Limasonkhanitsa ndi ankhondo. Iwo analamula Mikhail Fedorovich (burgomaster) ndi Kondrat (tysyatsky). Malinga ndi mbiri ya asilikali a anawerenga anthu pafupifupi 30 chikwi. The Germany ankatumiza nthumwi kukhazikitsa mtendere. Malinga ndi pangano lawo, iwo alonjeza sikukuthandizani rakovortsam ndi kolyvantsam - mfumu anthu. Iwo novgorodtsev zimenezo, chifukwa cholinga chachikulu chinali Ankhondo Chidanishi. Pakuti asilikali Russian, kunali kofunika kuti kusiya Germany. Mu January, nambala 23 (1268), ndi Ankhondo anasamukira Rakovor. Kuti Narva anayenda pang'onopang'ono - masabata atatu. Voivod anthu mpumulo, pamene anali m'dziko lawo. Popanda kumenyana asilikali anawoloka malire. Ankhondo okha m'munda sanayese n'komwe kutuluka, atabisala kuseri kwa mpanda wa nsanja.

Nkhondo ndi German Ratiu

February 17 asilikali anaimitsa pa mtsinje. Kegoli. Morning, mwadzidzidzi pafupi asilikali German. Iye anafola mu yolakwika "nkhumba." mtendere anasaina Choncho anagwiriridwa ndi dziko la Germany okha. asilikali Russian anatenga kuti mwachizolowezi - "pamphumi". Pakati anaima asilikali, ndi ku lamanja ndi lamanzere mbali - alonda kavalo. Mu omwewo kuti mzere kutsogolo kwa gulu lankhondo ndi Neva Ice. Komabe, kumanga izi zinadziwika kwa Germany.

Wotchedwa Dmitry Pereyaslavsky, amene anali mtsogoleri wa asilikali Russian, kuika anasiya ochepa Tver kumuwombera, ndi otsala regiments apakavalo kutsogozedwa ndi phiko bwino kuwomba mbali iyi anali zosayembekezeka ndi amphamvu. Ine ndinayima yekha. Phiko yoyenera komanso Dovmont (Pskov Prince).

Chiyambi cha nkhondo ngati Battle wa Ice. The Germany anathamangira ku Russian "pamphumi". Novgorod kumenyana opanikizika katundu kwa mdani. Ovulala anali mkulu, koma Germany chiyani sakwanitsa anagumula "pamphumi". Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chiwerengero cha chivalry adamwazika, aliyense anali kumenyana yekha. Kukwera Novgorod anang'amba iwo kuchokera saddles awo. Kenako anachoka mu nkhondo analowa kumuwombera Tver Mikhail. Pakuti Germany Komabe, izi sizinali anadabwa. Kwa kumbuyo mmwamba squads kumanzere Michael. Ndiye tsidya lina la nkhondo limodzi ndi apakavalo: Pskov, Vladimirec, Pereyaslavets. nkhonya umenewu unali mwadzidzidzi kwambiri kuti Ankhondo mantha anayamba kuphwera. Kuyambira kuchotsa kotheratu iwo anathawa pamene anali kufupi khamu lina German. asilikali Russian anayenera kusiya kuwathamangitsa kuti ankamangidwanso. Komabe, Germany sanayese n'komwe kuyendamo. Nkhondo yokutidwa ndi mitembo ndi magazi okhaokha, kotero iwo mantha zimene amapereka kumapeto kwa munda ndipo anayima pali akubwerabe mpaka usiku. Usiku, Knights kumanzere. Pereyaslavl anatumiza olondera sanawapeze kapena 2 kapena 4 kapena 6 maola kuyenda.

infighting

Dovmont sanali nawo pankhondo mkati, ngakhale olamulira ambiri anayesera kuti achite mbali yawo. Mu Russia, ndi nthawi yovuta. Iwo anayamba kumenyana ndi olamulira a ufumu wa Vladimir, ndi m'dziko lonse. mtsogoleri wamkulu anakhala mkulu mwana wa Aleksandra Nevskogo , wotchedwa Dmitry. Komabe, anapita kwa mbale pakati - Andrew. Iye anagula Khan Tudamengu Simungachite kulamulira mu Vladimir.

Russ anapita pa mahatchi ndi asilikali Chitata Alchedaya Kavgadyya kuika Andrew ufumu. Macitidwe anauza mmene asilikaliwo anabalalika pa nthaka pofunafuna Russian wotchedwa Dmitry. Koma kudzawatenga iwo sizinayende chifukwa cha boyars awo oyerekeza ndi banja lake, anabisala mu Koporje kumene anapitiriza chuma chake. Apa wotchedwa Dmitry anafuna kukhala kunja nkhondo ndi kusunga mphamvu. Anawerenga thandizo la anthu a Novgorod, zomwe nkhondo Knights. Komabe, anthu adampereka Iye ndi intercepted mnjira. Udzafunidwa kutengerapo Koporje abwanamkubwa, iwo anatenga ukapolo ana aakazi a wotchedwa Dmitry ndi kumuyandikira boyars ndi ana awo ndi akazi.

Kutenga Pskov kalonga nkhondo internecine

The linga anali ili Novgorod asilikali anthu wotchedwa Dmitry m'ndende ku Ladoga. Iye anatembenuka onse anamuthawa ndipo watopa. Ndipo pa mfundo imeneyi malekano woyamba ndi nthawi yokha nawo Dovmont. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye anaima kumbali ya ofooka. Pa zifukwa zina, izi zachitika, bwino osati mapeto. Mwina achita ntchito ya kale ubale nkhondowo, akhoza zimakhalira pachibale (Dovmont nkhani wotchedwa Dmitry mpongozi), ndiponso mwina Pskov Prince anaona ukapolo yekha wankhondo kuti akhoza kuteteza dziko kwa adani ambiri. Mulimonsemo, izo mofulumira anabwera Ladoga, anamasula anthu onse.

Patapita kanthawi, ndinakhala pansi kachiwiri, wotchedwa Dmitry mu Vladimir. Ndipo patapita zaka zinayi kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya Russia, asilikali a gulu. Akukhulupirira kuti poyamba "nkhondo yake" ndi analanda malo okhawo 1378-mamita p. Vozha. Koma izo zinachitika kale kwambiri. Mu 1285 izo ankalemba m'mbiri ya Kalonga Andrei Gorodetsky anatsogolera gulu kalonga m'bale wake wamkulu Dmitri. Komabe, yotsirizira agumanikanambo anyankhondo ndi kuwathamangitsa Mongolia ku dziko Russian.

chaka chatha wa moyo Dovmont

Mu 1299-m, usiku, Ankhondo German mwakachetechete zitengere kwa mzinda. Iwo perepozli kudzera stockade ndipo anapita kwa misewu akugona. Alonda anapha mipeni woonda. Oyamba zindikirani Germany Kromskom agalu. Pomwepo anabangula lipenga, Belo belo. Pskovites anathawa mfuti mpanda wa mzindawo. Pa nsanja ankaoneka wolamulira ndi akazembe. Iye akhayang'ana kufa mu tenements anthu ake. chitetezo cha mzindawo nthawi kuti zinachitikadi monga mwa malamulo ena. Ngati adani anali pa makoma, zitseko sangathe adzatsegulidwa.

Mudzi waukulu ankaona, koma osati zomera, kotero izo zinali bwino kuti nsembe yotsirizira kuposa kupereka choyamba. Komabe Dovmont anamuka malamulo. Chipata anatsegula, ndipo kuchotsedwa apakavalo. Mu mdima zinali zovuta kuti kunja amene anali kumene. Pskov anaphunzira kabudula wake pa malaya oyera ndi kukuwa a akazi ndi ana. Mlendo wolemekezeka ndi chowala ofunda pa zipewa zawo, zida akulira. Vigilantes anagogoda a ku Germany, kusowa othawa kwawo, mothandizidwa kutali pang'onopang'ono, kuyembekezera pamene iwo kugwera mu chipata. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu ambiri anapulumutsidwa, komanso anapha anthu ambiri. M'mawa wa Dovmont ndinaona mmene pang'onopang'ono mzinda wazunguliridwa ndi adani. Iwo sanaganize kuti wolamulira angayesere kuti apite ku nkhondo nawo. Komabe, anatero Dovmont. Choyamba kunja kwa chipata anathamanga ndi oyenda, asilikali okwera pamahatchi anam'funafuna. M'kamwa mwa sitimayo mofulumira Pskovy asilikali. Sakanakhoza kukana Ankhondo German, nathawa mikondo ndi malupanga, analumphira mu madzi, kuthamangira ku dziko ya uma, ndinakwera mapiri. Pskovites mukondwerera chigonjetso wina, osadziwa kuti adzakhala omaliza Dovmont.

imfa

Atazunguliridwa ndi chikondi ndi kuyamikira a m'tauni ya, Dovmont pang'onopang'ono kuchepa mphamvu. Zinaoneka kuti mphamvu zonse wapereka nkhondo yomaliza. Mu mbiri Komabe, ananena kuti mwina anali agwidwa ndi matenda - anthu ambiri anamwalira chaka chomwecho. May 20 Dovmont thupi aikiwa mu Mpingo Utatu. Posakhalitsa iye wotchedwa woyera chifukwa ndi olimba mtima. Lupanga, zimene konse adagawana Dovmont moyo, anaika pa m'bokosi.