"Nyimbo ya Hiawatha." Chidule cha atsogoleri

M'nkhani ino tikambirana mmodzi wa zosankha wotchuka G. Longfellow a "Nyimbo ya Hiawatha." Chidule ndi kusanthula ndakatuloyi tidzakhala chidwi mu malo oyamba.

Pa mankhwala

Ndakatulo epic "Nyimbo ya Hiawatha" ndi chipilala tingachipeze powerenga mabuku American. matabwa ake ndi kukula kwa mzere akhala anaitenga ku Karelian epos mwini, kapena m'malo kwa mankhwala "Kalevala".

Ndakatulo linasindikizidwa mu US mu November 1855 ndipo nthawi yomweyo anali wofunika kwambiri ndi owerenga ndi otsutsa. Kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira, bukhu linali tinalisindikizanso kangapo English ndipo linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri.

Mu Russia, ntchito anawamasulira I. A. Bunin. Baibuloli akadali chosaneneka.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

"Nyimbo ya Hiawatha" zachokera Indian folklore (mwachidule zafotokozedwa pansipa). Longfellow ali ndi phunziro lalikulu mbiri zoyenera chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa Amwenye. Ndiponso, wolemba analankhula ndi akuluakulu a mafuko osiyanasiyana. Mu 1849 kunali msonkhano kwambiri kwa iye ndi mtsogoleri wa fuko la Ojibway, yemwe anamuuza kwambiri pa miyambo ya anthu ake. Ndi nthano zimenezi Anakhalanso maziko a ndakatuloyi.

Longfellow Ulendowu unali yesetsani mabuku American kuti mizu yake, kuphunzitsa owerenga American kuona kuti amakonda dziko lawo ndi kulemekeza anthu amene poyamba ankakhala pa mayiko awo.

Pali mfundo m'mbiri yakale "Nyimbo ya Hiawatha." Makamaka mbiri ya chikumbukiro League mu 1570, zimene zinaphatikizapo mafuko a Iroquois. Poyamba, League anali ankamuona ngati mgwirizano wa asilikali, koma anadzakhala gulu ulamuliro bungwe kuti kuthetsa chidani pakati pa mafuko.

Genri Longfello, "Nyimbo ya Hiawatha": Mwachidule

Umayamba ndakatulo ndi ndimakumbukira wotchuka woimba Indian dzina lake Navadagu, zomwe kalelo nyimbo ya Hiawatha - kubadwa, "moyo lalikulu", koma chinthu chachikulu za anamanganso zimenezo zimene anachita kuti anali anthu ake osangalala ndipo iye ankakhala mu ubwino ndi choonadi.

Komabe, kenako owerenga zimatengera ife kuti nthawi chosiyana ndi malo. Tsopano, owerenga limaoneka Ambuye wa Moyo, Gitchi Manito, Indian Umulungu Wapamwamba. Iye adalenga mitundu yonse, anasolola manja ake zigwa, mitsinje ndiponso kuumbidwa chitoliro anapanga dothi, ndipo anayatsa izo. Pamene utsi kuti anauka kwa kumwamba kwa chitoliro mtendere, kuona atsogoleri a mafuko onse, iwo anasonkhana Ambuye wa Moyo. Ndiye Gitchi Manito anayamba kuitana mafuko chikumenyana kuyanjanitsa, abale. Iye ndiye analosera chodabwitsa cha mneneri, amene akuuza atsogoleri oona za njira ya chipulumutso. Atakamba Ambuye wa Moyo ndi kumvera mawu ake, Amwenye anayamba kulowa madzi a mtsinje kutsuka nkhondo utoto. Kenako kuyatsa chitoliro mtendere ndi kubwerera kwa mafuko awo.

Ngati epics ambiri, "Nyimbo ya Hiawatha" (mwachidule kutsimikizira izo) ndi ophatikizidwa mu Indian malingaliro m'nthano za dziko ndi chipangizo ake.

Ndiye amatiuza momwe, popeza anapambana chimbalangondo chachikulu dzina lake Misha Mokwa amakhala olamulira Medzhekivis wa West Mphepo. ana ake, iye amapereka mphamvu pa mphepo ena: Shavandazi - South, Vebonu - East ndi zoipa Kabibonokke - North.

Tsopano nkhani amatenga ife kubwerera mu nthawi. Kale mwezi mu ukufalikira chigwa wamkazi wokongola anagwa Nokomis usiku kuwala. Mu chigwa, anabereka mwana wamkazi ndipo anam'patsa dzina Venona. Atakula, mayi ake anayamba kuchenjeza iye kuti iye anali kuopa mfiti Medzhekivisa. Komabe Venona sanamvere malangizo a mayi wake. Iye Chezetsedwa Ambuye wake wa West Mphepo, kenako anabereka mwana Venona "chikondi chilakolako ndi chisoni" nampatsa dzina la Hiawatha.

Kufunafuna bambo ake

Mofanana ndi ndakatulo aliyense epic ali ochokera kwa Mulungu wa protagonist la "The Song of Hiawatha." Chidule kupitiriza za tsoka ndi chisoni zimene zinachitika mayi ake. Atangochoka kubadwa kwa mwana wake anaponya Medzhekivis Venona ndi chisoni anamwalira. Ndapereka ndi kuphunzitsa achinyamata Hiawatha agogo Nokomis.

Chidendene, Hiawatha amatenga magolovesi matsenga, matsenga amavala moccasins ndipo anapita atate wake ndibwezera basi imfa ya mayi ake. Posachedwapa iye anawapeza Medzhekivisa ndi agwirizane ndi iye mu nkhondo. Kwa masiku atatu nkhondo anapitiriza, kenako bambo anafunsa mwana wake kuti asiye nkhondo. Medzhekivisa sangathe kumenya: iye ali wosafa. Iye akufunsa Hiawatha ku fuko lake, kuyamba kulima minda, mitsinje bwino, kuchotsa zoopsa za. Pakuti atamwalira, iye akulonjeza kuti iye mkulu wa kumpoto chakumadzulo mphepo.

Hiawatha masamba mu mtengo ndi mausiku 7 kudya. Iye anapemphera kwa Gitchi Manito ndipo akupempha kuti chimwemwe cha anthu ake. Poyankha, wigwam wake pali mnyamata wina dzina lake Mondamin. Hiawatha amatenga naye nkhondo, kupha ndi kuzikwirira. The ngwazi amabwera kudzacheza manda a womwalirayo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimayambira mphukira yake wobiriwira. Ndi chimake wina wa anyamata - chimanga, amene anatumizidwa kwa anthu a Ambuye wa Moyo.

anamanganso wa Hiawatha

Chikudziwikabe, "Nyimbo ya Hiawatha." Chidule limatiuza mmene Hiawatha ndi Kvazindom mnzake ndi munthu wamphamvu, adapereka mtsinje Takvamino ku snags. Mu Gulf Gitchi-Gyumi ngwazi limagwira nyambo Great Sturgeon otchedwa Misha-Nam, amene kumeza ndi bwato. Koma Gayyavata compresses mtima wa nsomba, ndipo iye afa. Ndiye ngwazi unagonjetsedwa amatsenga zoopsa Medzhisogvona.

Hiawatha akwatire mtsikana wa Dakota fuko dzina lake Minnehaha. Kuteteza tirigu zisaonongeke, ngwazi ya akuuza mkazi wake usiku kuzungulira wamaliseche. Ndipo Minnehaha amakwaniritsa pempho mwamuna wake. Panthawi imeneyi, kwambiri Hiawatha amalowerera kukakwera Mfumu Kagagi-Khwangwala, amene anatsogolera gulu lake mbewu n'kumamujompha mwendo.

Imfa ya abwenzi

Chikusonyezera ngwazi amene anamasula ku zoopsa ndi kuwapatsa chakudya, Longfellow ( "Nyimbo ya Hiawatha"). Chidule anafotokozanso mmene Hiawatha invents kulemba.

mizimu yoipa, kuopa Hiawatha, kunena mgwirizano ndi Iye ndi kumizidwa ndi woimba wina dzina lake Chaybayabasa. Atamva izi, Hiawatha kudwala, ndipo mozizwitsa anawachiritsa.

Kulibe, fuko amabwera mu Pok Kivis ndi kuwononga wigwam Hiawatha. Tikaonanso ngwazi watumidwa kuthamangitsa iye. Kuyesa kuthawa Pa-Pok Kivis koyamba n'kukhala Beaver, ndiye mu tsekwe. Koma Hiawatha akuyitana thandizo mabingu ndi mphezi, ndi akugonjetsa iye.

Aphedwa mnzake wa ngwazi, mwamuna wamphamvu Kvazinda.

mizimu ya anthu akufa

Zimakwaniritsidwa chaukali yozizira mu ndakatulo "Nyimbo ya Hiawatha." A retelling mwachidule limasonyeza maonekedwe a mizukwa awiri a akazi mu mphanga ngwazi. Iwo kukhala ngodya okhala ndi mwakachetechete akathyole zidutswa za chakudya. Iwo kumatenga masiku angapo, mpaka tsiku lina iye n'kudzuka mu Hiawatha ndi kulira ndi kubuula. Alendo anauza ngwazi kuti ali mizimu ya anthu akufa amene anabwera kuchokera ku chilumba cha moyo wina pambuyo. Cholinga chawo - kufunsa kuti asiye moyo kulira akufa ndi kuwatcha, mulibe kuika mmanda zodzikongoletsera, tsitsi, mbiya mbale. Iwo muyenera pang'ono moto ndi chakudya cha pa ulendowo. masiku 4 miyoyo ali pa ulendo wawo wopita ku msasa wa moyo wina pambuyo, ndipo nthawi zonse muyenera kuwotcha moto, kotero iye anayatsa njira zawo. Pambuyo pake, mizukwa zikawoneka.

Masomphenya a azungu

Umaimiridwa ndi njala pakati pa amwenye ndakatulo "Nyimbo ya Hiawatha." Chidule ndi mutu limafotokoza zoyesayesa zinalephereka Hiawatha kusakasaka. Kufa Minnehaha.

Mu hamlet abwera Yaga, amene ananena kuti Nyanja Yaikulu waona keke yaikulu. Mmenemo munali asilikali ndi nkhope woyera womwe chins munali tsitsi. Poyamba Amwenye kuseka malankhulidwe Yaga, koma Hiawatha limati anali ndendende makhalidwe omwewo. Ndipo Gitchi Manito analamula kukumana alendo moni ndi chikondi.

zotsatira

Kumapeto kwa mankhwala a "Nyimbo ya Hiawatha." Chidule ( "brifli.ru" - mmodzi wa malo lomwe aikidwa) ananena kuti Kusunga Hiawatha wake atsegula imfa ya amwenye polimbana ndi wina ndi mzake.

Nthawiyi, Amwenye moni paleface amene kuwauza Chikhristu. Alendo kugona mu wigwam Hiawatha, ndi mwini anati tiwonana kuti Nokomis ndi anthu ake. Kenako matanga mu dzuwa litalowa mu chitumbuwa kwa Dziko kumvetsa kuti "wopandamalire moyo kwamuyaya." Anzake, iye bequeaths kutsatira malangizo anzeru anafika alendo.

kusanthula

Longfellow recreates mu ntchito yake m'nthano wogoneka Chipangizo Native dziko American. Kwa iwo, madera ozungulira anali litadzala ndi milungu mizimu ndi ngwazi, ndi mphamvu za chilengedwe ankaonera amoyo.

Ogwira chifaniziro cha Hiawatha. Pakati pa Amwenye, iye ankaona kwambiri zamphamvu, adawaphunzitsa zinthu zambiri. Mbali yaikulu ya khalidwe lake - wokhulupirika kwa anthu ake. Longfellow amanga ndakatulo wake monga Fairy-nthano ngwazi mbiri. Mlembi pamaziko a epic ndi kutitengera nyimbo munthu, anapatsidwa mphamvu ndi mkulu makhalidwe abwino. Hiawatha limapezeka mwanzeru, ndipo olimba wankhondo, omwe amasamala anthu ake kuonetsetsa mosangalala ndi mwamtendere moyo.

Choncho, takambirana ndakatulo "Nyimbo ya Hiawatha." Chidule, kusanthula ndi mbiri ya chilengedwe anatchula mwatsatanetsatane.