"A ulendo kale," (F. Abramov): Mwachidule. "A ulendo m'mbuyomu" - nkhani mu prose mtundu wanyimbo m'mudzi

Fedor Abramov amatanthauza olemba amene anagwira ntchito polemba chinenero cha prose m'mudzimo. Vuto limeneli anali wotchuka kwambiri mu theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri. Iye anali zosavuta ntchito kulemba ntchito zawo umenewu, iye anali wosavuta ntchito ndi kulemba pa nkhani imeneyi, chifukwa iye anabadwa mu Arkhangelsk Oblast Abramov. Chidule ( "Ulendo kuti Zakale" Mwachitsanzo) nkhani wochoka cholembera chake, zimapangitsa n'zosadabwitsa kuti asawononge midzi osati chabe, koma onse pa Russia. N'zosadabwitsa kuti posachedwapa kuphatikizapo mu pulogalamu mokakamizidwa mu mabuku. owerenga More okhwima angachite bwino alidziwe trilogy "Pryaslins", umene linapereka boma Prize.

Fedor Abramov: "Ulendo zakalekale"

Ambiri mwa ntchito za wolemba zovuta pochitika kufufuza. Nkhani linalembedwa mu 1974 ndi lofalitsidwa wina kale pa chiyambi cha perestroika - mu 1989. Mwatsoka, wolemba sanayembekezere bukulo. Nkhani inafalitsidwa mu "New World" magazini, ndipo kenako inasindikizidwa mu ntchito posthumous anasonkhana.

Nthano iyi ndi yosiyana ndi ntchito zofanana ofotokoza linapatsidwa kwa iye, osati chinthu chimene chimachitika kwa zilembo, ndi mikangano chikhalidwe, ndi kuwerenga maganizo a anthu mu nkhondo ndi Nkhondo Itatha.

Limene, mogwirizana ndi wolemba, anali kungasokoneze anthu

Zimene analemba mu ntchito zake Fyodor Abramov? "Ulendo zakalekale", mwachidule zomwe tiganizire nkhani za mmene mfundo Party mu nthawi prewar (za 1920-1930) bwanji miyoyo ya anthu wamba. Iyo inali nthawi ya dispossession osauka wolemera, omwe aswa ambirimbiri. Pamene kumpoto kwa dziko ankanena za anthu, monga ena, anakhala bwino ndipo anali kuposa yowazungulira. Mu mndandanda wa anagonjetsa izo zikanakhoza kukhala kwa kutukuka pang'ono.

Kupweteka zonse anthu ake mophiphiritsa anafotokoza Abramov. Chidule ( "Ulendo kuti Zakale" m'nkhani imeneyi makamaka khalidwe) nkhani zake pamene kubwerezanso iwo, anafotokoza mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zinathandiza kuti zikamera wa mfundo zolakwika Gulu:
• collectivization;
• cannibalization;
• The zikamera wa mbali an'kanthunthumira za kayendedwe chosintha;
• uchidakwa kumidzi lumpen-proletarians.

The Atetezi woona kutsatira mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino mu nthawi anafotokoza wolemba anali ochepa ndipo nawonso amatchedwa tsoka.

The protagonist ndi fano lake mu nkhani

Chapakati chiwembu Abramov (mwachidule, "Ulendo kuti Zakale") womangidwa padziko Miksa Kobylin. olemba Modern zingakhale zachilendo kusankha ngwazi, koma iye amayang'ana organically ntchito imeneyi. Ntchito Miksa kumidzi mkwatibwi, ankakonda kumwa, ndipo anali wotsimikiza kuti banja lake - olamulira a zisinthe, anthu anali oona mtima, wolimba ndi womveka. zonse zimene anapanga ngwazi amalume, ankaonera buku.

Panthawiyo, Miksa wakana ngakhale ndi bambo ake, n'kumusintha dzina lake. Izi zinathandiza kuti kwambiri Abambo amene amam'tumikira chitsanzo wosiyana kuposa atate wake. Soviet mfundo nthawi kuti anali amphamvu kwambiri. The mbali yaikulu, mpaka posachedwapa sankadziwa amene amatenga chitsanzo. Iye sanali mongoyesa kutsegula maso anu m'bale wake, koma iye sanali anafotokoza mu zaka anauza Fedoseyevna.

Kuposa amachitadi Mix mbadwa

Kodi lotsatira likutiuza F. Abramov? "Ulendo kuti Zakale" (chidule) ndi zokongola kwambiri ndi maganizo limafotokoza chithunzi cha zochitika a nthawi imeneyo. Miksa Kobylin ndinaganiza arbiters wake amalume kusintha, anali amabweretsa kwambiri ndi mabodza a m'nyumbayi dera. Ndipotu Methodius anaswa kwambiri ya moyo. Ngakhale imfa yake sanathe aphimbe machimo ochitidwa moyo. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani za m'dzikoli, iwo ndi kupereka misa kunachitika.
Koma kwambiri chifukwa Miksa anakhala choonadi za amalume ake Alexander. Chifukwa chenicheni cha imfa yake kwa nthawi yaitali obisika. Choonadi anatsegula khalidwe waukulu mwangozi - anapita amathera ndi anasiya mudzi Kurz mlendo. dzina lake anali Kudasov ndi mnzake banja Sakanizani zaka zingapo zapitazo anatumizidwa ku North. Kudasova mlongo zaka 15 wachita, izo zinali udindo kukonza ofesi commandant, kumene anagwiriridwa ndi Alexander. Pachifukwa ichi, anaphedwa ndi wapaulendo mnzawo ndi Miksa, amene panthawiyo anali ndi zaka 14 zokha.

Zithunzi dispossession - zovuta kwambiri ndi kukwapula nkhaniyo

Tiyeni tibwerere ku nkhani yaikulu, amene anafotokoza Abramov. Chidule ( "Ulendo zakalekale" tiganizire) angathe chifukwa chakuti mmenemo kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane yowala ndi nkhanza makamaka za ndondomeko dispossession. wolemba ankadziwa za disenfranchised moyo yekha, anakhala ubwana wake m'dera Arkhangelsk, pamene kawirikawiri anatumiza anthu ochokera Kummwera. M'misewu ya midzi kangapo zinachitika nkhondo pakati pa mbadwa natumiza kwa zakale "kulaks".

Miksa yekha, ngakhale kuti mnyamatayu, iye anayesera kuti atenge nawo mbali mu zochita ikuchitika ndi amalume ake, monga anthu akuluakulu. Iye sankafuna anagonjetsa ndipo ngakhale msinkhu wake wamng'ono, kuthandiza dismantle mtanda kuchokera m'tchalitchi. Iye anatenga gawo ndewu ya. Pokumbukira ubwana wanga Miksa anali ndi mphuno wosweka, amene, monga kunapezeka, kuonongeka Kudasov. Izi ndi mbali yaikulu anazindikira njira ya kukambirana.

Kodi choonadi Sakanizani

Chomaliza koma osati chosafunikira, pozindikira chiyani anachita mbali yaikulu atatha kukambirana ndi Kudasova. Iwo akusankha kovuta kuti mbali yaikulu Abramov. "Ulendo kuti Zakale" (mwachidule ndi kukuonetsedwa yekha mu gawo) - nkhani makamaka za choonadi ndi zimene angachite kuti munthu. Kumene, n'kofunika kuti kuuona dziko, ndipo izo zinachitika mu zochitika, koma mu nkhani ya Mix choonadi wakhala owononga. Atakhala Kudasova, Miksa sindingakhoze kupita kunyumba: izo amazunza choonadi chimene anaphunzira achibale awo. Chifukwa cha iwo, iye amasiya yapafupi munthu - atate ndi, monga kunapezeka chabe.

Mukuvutitsidwa ndi maganizo ake ndi kukumbukira Miksa tinapita ku manda a bambo ake, ndipo panali ozizira. Anthu anamuuza kuti atate wake adali woona chitsanzo - ndi olimbika pa ntchito ndi woonamtima. Mwatsoka, kusintha chirichonse zinali mochedwa kwambiri. Choonadi Mix wolumala, anapha mkati.

Nkhani kuwerenga mosavuta. Phunzirani mfundo zonse kumva talente wolemba kudzakuthandizani yekha buku limene, zili zake zonse. "Ulendo kuti Zakale" (Abrams yekha mobwerezabwereza anatsindika mfundo iyi) pa moyo wa anthu ophweka Russian ndi chidziwitso cha nkhaniyi nkhaniyi chidwi makamaka ndi zimene zakhala zikuchitika. Limafotokoza zochitika popanda mtundu uliwonse maganizo ndi vygorazhivaniya zochita za oimira mphamvu Soviet. N'chifukwa chake nkhani ya moyo la wolemba anali ayesedwa mkulu zokwanira, koma mofulumira kufalitsa (pa nthawi ya kukakamiza ofalitsa ndi atolankhani ndi maulamuliro sichinalakika). "Ulendo zakalekale" - chidutswa amakono kwambiri zimene zingakhudze maganizo a anthu ndi kukakamiza kupendanso zochita zawo. M'pofunikanso kuwerenga osati mwachidule.