Nzeru Social monga mfundo ndi

Konsekonse anavomera tanthauzo la mfundo 'anthu nzeru "mwina kulibe. More ndendende, pali kutanthauzira ambiri a ntchito ndi zamaganizo a masukulu osiyanasiyana. Lingaliro pawokha ndi watsopano akuti anali koyamba mu maganizo atchukitsa mu 1920 ndi American zamaganizo Thorndike banja, amene ali pansi pa nzeru chikhalidwe amanena za luso la munthuyo kumvetsa ndi masomphenya mu chibwenzicho.

Mu 1994, gulu la kutsogolera zamaganizo American pofuna anapangidwa zopanga i zofunikira chinthu chachikulu monga nzeru. Zikhulupiriro zikuluzikulu za mtima uyu ali motere:

• Ndi nzeru amatanthauza chonse mphamvu maganizo a munthu, m'kukoma luso kuthetsa ntchito, kuti azolowere chilengedwe, kuganiza mwanzeru ndiponso kuphunzira msanga zinachitikira.
• Mapangidwe mbiri banja lake ali ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri kuposa chilengedwe.
• Intelligence sali yemweyo moyo. Iwo akhoza kusintha, mwina kukhazikika unyamata ndi achinyamata akukula. Mu chitukuko wamkulu anthu ozindikira, monga ulamuliro, izo kufika pamlingo winawake, ndiyeno mutu pang'ono kusintha.
• Intelligence ndi kumayezedwa ndi mayesero. mayesero IQ tinapangidwa kutenga nkhani chikoka cha zaka, maphunziro, zinthu chinenero, ndipo ziyenera n'ngolondoladi wa sikelo ya kukula m'nzeru. Komabe, iwo zachikhalidwe wabwino, T. E. kukamba cholinga ziyenera a luso maganizo mayeso kwa magulu osiyanasiyana ndi strata a anthu.

Mitundu ya nzeru, malinga ndi ganizo la "Mipikisano nzeru" Bambo Gardner angakhale osiyana (pali asanu ndi awiri). Izi n'zomveka-masamu nzeru mtundu, wapakamwa-chinenero, zithunzi-okhudza malo. Komanso nyimbo ndi rhythmic, mwathupi, mota, intrapersonal ndi lotha.

nzeru Social monga mfundo zochokera mitundu intra- ndi lotha ndipo kumaphatikizapo chitukuko cha maluso, luso kukhazikitsa kulankhula ndi kumanga maubale, T. E. amadziwika chitukuko cha dera chikhalidwe cha munthu. Wachitatu Cholinga chenicheni ndi maganizo nzeru, T. E. kutha kuzindikira ndi molondola kumasulira ndiponso anthu ena akumvera ndiponso kulosera za chitukuko cha makhalidwe ndi zochita za ena.

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso china (monga British zamaganizo Eysenck mfundo GY) nzeru akhoza wachinsinsi monga zamoyo chikhalidwe ndi psychometric. Komanso, mosiyana ndi kwachilengedwenso (majini anatsimikiza), nzeru chikhalidwe, malinga ndi wasayansi ndi chifukwa cha anthu ndiponso zimene ankachita chilengedwe, ndipo anapanga m'kati kupeza zinachitikira.

Panopa chimatengedwa ngati gulu yonse ya Yohane. Guildford ndi zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi. Luso limeneli kusiyanitsa ndi molondola kumasulira kulankhulana wapakamwa ndipo sanali mawu, kukhazikitsa malamulo onse kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makhalidwe, ubale mbali zina za nkhani, adani mfundo za chitukuko za moyo wonse ndi molondola kumasulira khalidwe la anthu ku nkhani yake, komanso kuoneratu zotsatira za zochita zake ndi anthu ena.

Ndi R. Selmani nzeru chikhalidwe mu chitukuko udzadutsa magawo asanu, omwe amakhala ndi gawo lina la kudziletsa chidziwitso, malo awo, anzawo ndi makolo.

Pa ziro (chisanadze chikhalidwe) siteji khalidwe mwanayo anali chogwidwa ndi egocentrism. The mwana si koma angathe kusiyanitsa okha ku dziko lakunja, kugawana maganizo awo ndi malingaliro, ndi ena.

Mu gawo loyamba (chikhalidwe) akadziwa wokha ngati abwino osiyana ndi osiyana ndi ena. Mu gawo lachiwiri pali kuthekera kwa kusinkhasinkha. Mwanayo kale amatha kumvetsa munthu wina ndi mfundo yake ya view. Mbali yachitatu (zambiri 10-12 zaka) amakhala ndi mapangidwe kudziletsa dzina, anakhazikitsa malo ake mu dongosolo ubale.

Mu gawo lachinayi adza kwa kumvetsa mozama ndi ambiguity cha ubale wa anthu, kuzindikira chosamvetsetseka wa munthu ndipo kuli milingo zingapo zimachitika, motero kupanga maluso a khalidwe okhwima.