Pachimake apamwamba mu Europe: kufotokoza ndi zithunzi

N'zosadabwitsa mu XXI wathu ŵakusanga m'ma akadali kutsutsana komwe kulipo kuti kodi pachimake apamwamba mu Europe. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti Elbrus, ndi zina - Mont Blanc. Zingaoneke choncho lolimba? Mothandizidwa zamakono, inu mosavuta anapereka kutalika pamwamba pa nyanja aliyense vertex. Koma monga angaimbidwenso ndi mavuto ayi. Msinkhu ndi Elbrus ndipo Mont Blanc akhazikitsidwa kalekale kwa centimeter yapafupi. vuto lomwe m'munda wa malire. Kuti, mu mawu oti "pachimake apamwamba mu Europe ndi - ..." ayenera kutsindika osati mamita Nanga gawo kukhala m'gulu zikuchokera Africa izi. Ndipo ngati Mont Blanc momveka bwino: Alpine pachimake - Ndithu Ulaya, Elbrus si yapafupi. Tiyeni tione nkhani imeneyi.

mfundo funso

"White Mountain", ndi Mont Blanc, amagona pa mbali ya kumadzulo kwa Alps a dongosolo lino, pa malire a France ndi Italy. lomenyera ameneyu anali ndi vuto la Kupititsa wachokera. Koma dongosolo lina. Pambuyo pa imfa ya ufulu wa Duchy wa Savoy, pa phiri m'chigwa padziko mobwerezabwereza wadutsa kuchokera ku Italy ku France ndi mosemphanitsa. Tsopano, pambuyo redraw mu Europe mu nthawi nkhondoyo, chinapezeka kuti nsonga yaikulu ya Mont Blanc akuthamanga cordon pakati limati awiri. Choncho, atagona otsetsereka a m'tawuni Saint-Gervais limabweretsa France, ndi Courmayeur ski achisangalalo, yomwe ili pafupi - Italy. Kutalika kwa Mont Blanc ukufika mamita 4810. Pafupi kuti pachimake ataliatali osiyanasiyana pamwamba ena, kwangochepetsako pang'ono chabe otsika kumutu. Izi Blanc de A Courmayeur (pa 4.700 mamita), ndipo ngakhale Grand Bos, Rocher de A La Turmetov ndi zoposa khumi zinayi thousander. A kutalika kwa Elbrus - monga mmene mamita 5642. Chopanda malire ngwazi! funso lili kwina. Ndi nsonga apamwamba mu Europe kapena Asia, mwachizolowezi mapiri?

nkhani ya malire

Monga amadziwika, chikhalidwe cha chikondi kupitiriza ndi kusalala. M'maiko mu wina ndi mnzake. Ngati si chifukwa cha Bering Strait, anapanga osati kale ndi mfundo enieni ndi ku America akanati zinaphatikizidwa ndi Europe ndi ku Asia. Koma munthu - cholengedwa zachilendo: Apatse omveka bwino. Choncho, gulu la Africa yathu Europe ndi Asia - chinthu umasinthasintha. Ndiponso m'njira zambiri kuno, kupatula madera, ndale ndi mtsikana. Kuyambira nthawi ya Herodotus ndi makumi asanu zaka mazana makumi awiri, zinali zambiri kapena sichidziwika bwino. Mzere wolekanitsa pakati pa Ulaya ndi Asia, zinachitika pa gombe la nyanja Kara pa nsonga yaikulu ya Urals, ndiyeno zochokera mtsinje eponymous, ndiye pamodzi kumpoto ya Caspian ndipo akutsatira Main Caucasus Ridge, pa Nyanja Black. cordon Komanso anadutsa Bosporuss ndi Dardanelless. Mu Mediterranean, chisokonezo komanso adanyamuka: kugombe la Turkey zamakono - ndi Asia, chirichonse kumpoto kwa izo - Europe, ndi kum'mwera madzi a Africa akonzedwa. Kachitidwe ka ndondomeko Elbrus - pachimake apamwamba mu Europe, chifukwa ili kumpoto kwa lokwera yaikulu ya Caucasus.

Losakhutiritsidwa-Union Society Geographical

Ili m'malire a ku Ulaya ndi ku Asiya, izo zonse zinali bwino mpaka 1958. chisokonezo unayamba zifukwa Union Society Geographical. Pundits ananyamula kuunikanso malamulo yaitali zokhazikika. Iwo anaganiza n'kulakwa bisect malo achilengedwe. Caucasus dongosolo phiri iwo n'chinthu chofunikira zimenezi, ngakhale kuti kusiyana kwakulu mu makhalidwe nyengo ya otsetsereka a kumpoto ndi kum'mwera. Mu njira yomweyo, ndipo tidafika ku malo madzi ndi zigwa za mitsinje. Mmodzi nkhonya ya cholembera onse Ural ndipo kwathunthu anatsimikizira mu Europe ndi Caucasus - Asia. Choncho, Elbrus, nsonga chapamwamba kwambiri mu Europe, amene kutalika kwa mamita 832 patsogolo Mont Blanc sanali phiri woyamba pa Africa latsopano, kwambiri kutaya Everest.

machitidwe osiyana

Pa nthawi Soviet, okhala chimodzi chimodzi m'dziko ankakhala kudzipatula ku dziko lonse. Ndipo izo sizinali mu "Iron Katani." Kupotoza si chithunzithunzi cha mmene moyo ngati pansi kuvunda bizinesi, komanso ndithu kutali ndi mfundo mfundo ndale. Choncho, onse mabuku a madera a Soviet Union padalembedwa kuti malire pa Ulaya ndi Asia akuthamanga Mphepete kum'mawa kwa mapiri a Ural, ndiye (n'kosathandiza) pa mtsinje Emba mpaka amalowa m'Nyanja Caspian, ndiye m'mbali mwa nyanja kumpoto kwa madzi gwero la Kuma Mtsinje. Kenako cordon anadutsa Kuma-Manych Depression kwa Don, kenako kukamwa kwake, ndi nyanja ya Azov. Chifukwa cha mugawo ili si Elbrus, nsonga chapamwamba kwambiri mu Europe, ankatembenukira kwa Asia, komanso onse Taman Peninsula.

Kodi mfundo?

Koma tiyeni azinena njira ya kulingalira ... Ayi, geographers osati Soviet ndipo amene kamwa kutumikira. Kumapeto kwa 50s, osati kokha America anali odana waukulu wa Soviet Union, komanso m'mayiko Western European. Malingaliro a ku CPSU Committee chapakati (amene anaphimba mbali zonse za anthu), kusiyana dongosolo zokomera kuvunda bourgeois. USSR anali kuyima ndekha, ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti zinthu zing'onozing'ono izo kugwirizana ndi Europe bwino. Mfundo yakuti Phiri Elbrus - pachimake apamwamba ku Ulaya, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, Russia ndi adzazunzidwa kwambiri utsogoleri Soviet. Choncho, ndikusinthidwa m'malire Europe ndi Asia. Ndi ichi, ndipo sasamala za kukhulupirika kwa malo achilengedwe, ndi kuganiza kwa lingaliro ili.

Chisokonezo mu akalozera ndi

Ngakhale kuti chigamulo cha Onse-Union Geographical Society anali motere mu 1959 mothandizidwa ndi World Geophysical Congress, mayiko ambiri anakana luso Soviet. Ndipo kusiyana mpaka lero. Mwachitsanzo, ponena za Directory kwambiri odalirika "Wikipedia". Baibulo English limanena kuti malire pa Ulaya ndi Asia amapita "... ndi okulira kwa mapiri a Ural, pa mtsinje eponymous, ndi Caspian Sea ndi Caucasus mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa ..." Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'mayiko ambiri amakhulupirira kuti pachimake apamwamba mu Europe - phiri Elbrus. Koma Baibulo Russian amapereka deta osiyana kwambiri.

A cholowa ka m'mbuyomu

Ngakhale kuti Soviet Union kale, ena mwa madalitso ake ndi amene akukhalabe mu malingaliro a anthu. Choncho, kodi ndikuuzeni chidwi wosaka Chirasha "Wikipedia" Hrs choonadi? ndi phiri lalitali kwambiri ku Ulaya chiyani? Iwo likukhalira kuti malire pa Ulaya ndi Asia, Baibulo ili la Directory World amasonyeza mzimu wa kunyalanyaza ndi chigamulocho 1958 ndipo ambiri amavomereza mfundo ya "chifukwa kum'mawa phazi la Urals, Mugodzhary, Emba, kugombe la nyanja ya Caspian, pa Araks, Black ndi Marmara nyanja ..." Kodi timaona masiku chithandizo? Dongosolo lonse la Urals, anali akufuna mu 1958, akuti ndi Europe. Koma Komanso ankaona, ndi Caucasus lonse! Latsopano malire akuthamanga limodzi Araks mtsinje umene madzi ake akuyenda pa phazi la kum'mwera kwa dongosolo phiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Baibulo Chirasha wa "Wikipedia" Elbrus - pachimake apamwamba mu Europe. Photos of ziwiri humped chipale anaphimba pachimake ndi decorates Nkhani chogwirizana.

denga Russia

Ndi nthawi yolankhula za Elbrus. Kodi iye, pachimake apamwamba ku Ulaya, ndipo pamodzi ndi Russia? Iwo likukhalira kuti chamoto. Komabe, zinatha. Kuphulika lotsiriza, molingana Akatswiriwa amene anaphunzira chiphalaphala wouma, anali 50 AD. Anapanga bicornuate pamwamba, monga ena a Caucasus, ndi zaka mamiliyoni makumi zapitazo. phiri ili m'malire a mayiko a ku Russian wa Karachai-Cherkessia ndi Kabardino-Balkaria. Mosiyana ndi Mont Blanc, mu mlengalenga bristling ndi nsonga zambirimbiri za Phiri Elbrus awiri okha a iwo. Ndi zoona, m'mphepete mwa phiri phirilo. Therebetween za zitatu makilomita. Wamkulukulu - kumadzulo pamwamba. East - pang'ono m'munsi (5621 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja). Koma chishalo pakati pa mapiri awiri alibe kusiya m'munsimu mlingo wa mamita 5300. Iye Mzimuyo kutalika Elbrus Academician K. Wisniewski mu 1813. Woyamba anagonjetsa, ndithudi, kum'mawa pamwamba. Zimenezi zinachitika mu July 1829. Panapita pafupifupi zaka makumi asanu, kuti munthu phazi pa nsonga kumadzulo kwa Elbrus. Nsonga chapamwamba Europe unawonongedwa mu 1874 ndi gulu la mapiri British. Iye anatsogolera kukaona F. Grove. Koma mwa apainiya ndipo anali Balkar Ndipo Sottayev.