Parenchymal alibe. kuvulazidwa thunthu

Nthawi zina, kuchita matenda pali chinthu monga parenchymal alibe. Pathological thunthu anafotokoza kuti chisokonezo osayenera kagayidwe. Mawu osavuta, thupi imaphwanya ndondomeko ya okwanira ndi kudzikundikira zakudya, imbaenda morphological (zithunzi) kusintha. Akusonyeza kudwala angathe kukhala gawo kapena pambuyo pa mndandanda wa mayesero kwambiri yeniyeni. Parenchymal ndi stromal-mtima alibe ndi maziko a matenda ambiri oopsa.

tanthauzo

Parenchymal alibe - ndi pathological zomwe zingachititse kuti kusintha mu dongosolo selo ziwalo. Mwa njira ya maselo matenda kudzikonda secrete mphamvu kuchepekedwa chisokonezo fermentopathy, matenda discirkulatornaya (magazi, lymph, interstitium, intercellular madzimadzi), endocrine ndipo alibe ubongo.

Pali njira zingapo alibe:

- kusalola, umene ndi zoyendera owonjezera mankhwala magazi a kagayidwe mkati mwa selo kapena danga extracellular chifukwa walephera kachitidwe enzyme wa thupi;

- kuwonongeka kapena PHANEROZOIC akuimira oipa okhudza maselo ambiri nyumba, imbaenda kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe ndipo kudzikundikira mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya unoxidized;

- angasokonezeke kaphatikizidwe zinthu n'zabwinobwino selo silimasewera;

- kusintha kwa zakudya kulowa selo kumanga iliyonse mtundu wina wa Zotulukapo-(mapuloteni, mafuta kapena chakudya).

Gawo

Pathologists ndi mitundu zotsatirazi parenchymal dystrophies:

1. Malinga ndi kusintha kwa morphological:

- mwangwiro parenchymal;

- stromal-mtima;

- osokonezeka.

2. Malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala anapeza:

- mapuloteni kapena disproteinozy;

- mafuta kapena lipidoses;

- zimam'patsa;

- mchere.

3. Monga kuchuluka kwa ndondomekoyi:

- System;

- m'deralo.

4. Pa nthawi yatsoka:

- anapeza;

- kobadwa nako.

Anthu kapena zina parenchymal alibe pathological thunthu Mzimuyo osati wothandizila sichikupindulitsani, komanso limatchula za maselo anakhudzidwa. The kusintha kwa wina ndi dystrophy wina ndi theoretically zotheka, koma pafupifupi zotheka ophatikizana kudwala. Parenchymal alibe - ndicho njira kunachitika maselo, koma gawo chabe la syndrome matenda monga morphological ndi zinchito akusowa wa limba makamaka.

Disproteinozy

Thupi la munthu kwakukulukulu tichipeza mapuloteni, madzi. Mapuloteni mamolekyulu ndi mbali ya maselo makoma, zikopa za mitochondria ndi organelles zina, kuwonjezera, ali mfulu cytoplasm lapansi. Monga ulamuliro, ndi michere.

Disproteinozom mwinamwake wotchedwa kudwala monga parenchymal mapuloteni dystrophy. Ndipo chofunikira ake ndi mapuloteni ma kusintha katundu, komanso zimasintha structural, monga denaturation kapena kollikvatsiya. Mapuloteni-parenchymal dystrophy amatanthauza hyaline m'malovu, hydropic, nyanga ndi granular dystrophy. Pa tsiku loyamba atatu adzalembedwa zambiri, koma chomalizachi, granular, yodziwika kuti maselo kudziunjikira tirigu mapuloteni, nchifukwa chake maselo ndi anatambasula, ndipo thupi kuchuluka, izo zimakhala lotayirira ndi wosasamala. N'chifukwa chake granular dystrophy amatchedwanso kuzimiririka kutupa. Koma asayansi mosakayikira kuti parenchymal alibe. Necropsy za ndondomeko ndi chotero kuti akhoza kumwedwa ndi mbewu compensatory kuchuluka dongosolo ma, monga kuyankha nkhawa zinchito.

Hyaline droplet alibe

Ndi mtundu uwu wa dystrophy maselo hyaline kuoneka madontho akuluakulu kenako kuphatikiza mu mzake, mudzaze lamkati danga lonse maselo, chimakankhira kapena kuwononga organelles awo. Zimenezi zimabweretsa imfa ya ntchito, ndipo ngakhale selo imfa. Nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka minofu aimpso, osachepera mu chiwindi ndi mtima.

Pa cytology pambuyo biopsy aimpso, kuwonjezera kudzikundikira hyaline mu nephrocytes kuonetsa chiwonongeko cha zinthu ma. chodabwitsa Zikuoneka pamene wodwala akufotokozera vacuolar-lysosomal kulephera, imbaenda ku kuchepa reabsorption zomanga thupi kuchokera ku mkodzo chachikulu. Nthawi zambiri, kudwala izi zimachitika mu syndrome nephrotic. The diagnoses zambiri odwala awa - glomerulonephritis ndi amyloidosis aimpso. thupi kunja sasintha pamene hyaline droplet dystrophy.

Maselo chiwindi zinthu yosiyana. Pa wamamamayikirosikopu anapeza corpuscles Mallory ongokhala fibrils ndi hyaline mowa. maonekedwe awo amagwirizana ndi matenda Wilson, mowa chiwindi, komanso biliary matenda enaake ndi Indian. Zotsatira za ndondomeko izi akumane - chiwindi selo necrosis, kusowa ntchito yake.

hydropic dystrophy

Zimenezi isiyana dystrophies ena kuti maselo a m'thupi, organelles latsopano wodzazidwa ndi madzimadzi. Nthawi zambiri, chotero chodabwitsa Tingaone mu khungu ndi tubule aimpso maselo chiwindi, minofu, ndi England adrenal.

Maselo microscopically anawonjezera, cytoplasm lawo ladzaza vacuoles ndi mandala zili madzi. Phata ali ankatembenukira kapena lysed, ndondomeko otsala zidzachotsedwa. Potsilizira pake, selo ndi "zibaluni" wodzazidwa ndi madzi. Choncho, hydropic dystrophy limatchedwa zibaluni.

matupi mochuluka kukhala pafupifupi sichinasinthe. Limagwirira ntchito za chitukuko za matenda - kuphwanya colloid osmotic kuthamanga muchipindachi ndipo danga intercellular. Chifukwa cha permeability ili bwino nembanemba ndi khungu la maselo amamwalira ndi kuwola ndinso. Chifukwa kusintha ngati mankhwala kungakhale glomerulonephritis, shuga, aimpso amyloidosis. Kusintha maselo chiwindi zimathandiza kuti chiwindi tizilombo ndi poizoni. Pa khungu hydropic alibe bwino zimayamba ndi HIV wa nthomba.

Mapeto ndondomeko pathological wa focal kapena okwana necrosis, kotero kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe ndi ntchito ya unayamba kuwonongeka.

diso alibe

Pathological matupi actinic - ndi kudzikundikira kwambiri a keratin mu zigawo pamwamba pa khungu, monga hyperkeratosis ndi ichthyosis, ndi zikamera wa chinthu tentha mthupi, kumene, monga ulamuliro, zisakhale - mu nembanemba mucous (leukoplakia, squamous carcinoma khungu). Zimenezi zimakhala m'dera ndi okwana.

The zifukwa mtundu wa matenda akhoza kukhala matenda ectodermal nyongolosi pa embryogenesis, aakulu yotupa kusintha minofu, matenda tizilombo ndi kuperewera kwa vitamini.

Ngati chithandizocho anayamba nthawi yomweyo pambuyo zizindikiro woyamba, nsalu akhoza kuchira, koma nthawi zapamwamba, mankhwala ndi zosatheka. Long-alipo malo nyanga dystrophy akhoza kungayambitse khansa ya pakhungu, ndipo kobadwa nako ichthyosis ndi yosemphana ndi moyo yoopsa.

cholowa dystrophy

Cholowa parenchymal alibe zimachitika chifukwa fermentopathia kobadwa nako. matenda awa amatchedwanso matenda yosungirako akhala chifukwa matenda kagayidwe kachakudya, mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya kudziunjikira mu maselo mthupi, chiphe izo. Oimira odziwika bwino gulu ili ndi phenylketonuria, tirozinoz ndi cystinosis.

Chandamale ziwalo kwa phenylketonuria ndi dongosolo chapakati mantha, minofu, khungu, ndi madzimadzi (magazi, mkodzo). mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya pa tirozinoze kudziunjikira mu chiwindi maselo, impso ndi mafupa. Cystinosis nawonso amakhudza chiwindi ndi impso, koma kupatula iwo, kuvutika ndulu, eyeballs, mafupa, dongosolo lymphatic ndi khungu.

lipidoses

Lipids ali selo iliyonse, iwo akhoza kukhala padera ndi osakaniza ndi mapuloteni ndi mayunitsi structural kukhala selo nembanemba, komanso ultrastructures ena. Komanso, mu cytoplasm ndi glycerol ndi mafuta zidulo. Pofuna kudziwa iwo zimakhala ntchito njira yapadera Kukhazikitsa ndi kudetsa, monga Sudan wakuda kapena wofiira, asidi osmic, Nile buluu sulphate. Pambuyo kukonzekera yeniyeni maphunziro mosamala anayendera pansi ndi elekitironi maso.

Parenchymal mafuta alibe kuwawonetsera monga kudzikundikira kwambiri mafuta komwe iwo ayenera kukhala ndi maonekedwe a lipids uko kumene iwo sayenera. Iwo amakonda kudziunjikira mafuta ndale. Chandamale ziwalo ndi chimodzi cha mapuloteni dystrophy - mtima, impso ndi chiwindi.

Mafuta parenchymal m'mnyewa wamtima dystrophy limayamba ndi maonekedwe mu myocytes m'malovu kochepa kwambiri ka mafuta, kuti ali. N. pulverized kunenepa. Ngati ndondomeko silitiletsa panthawi imeneyi, ndiye kenako madontho coalesce ndi kukhala zazikulu, mpaka izo kutenga cytoplasm lonse. Organelles Choncho ndisungunuka, striated ulusi minofu kusiyiratu. Matendawa kumaonekera kwanuko kuzungulira venous mtima bedi.

Amakhalidwe parenchymal mafuta alibe kumaonekera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, zonse zimadalira siteji ya ndondomekoyi. Pa chiyambi cha matenda zikhoza kupangidwa kokha maso, koma nthawi mtima chinawonjezeka ndi kutambasula maselo, mpanda wake kukhala wochepa thupi flabby, ndi gawo la myocardium Tingaone mikwingwirima kutali-chikasu. The pathophysiology thupi uyu anabwera ndi dzina "nyalugwe mtima".

Mafuta alibe ziwalo parenchymal kukhala njira zitatu.

1. Yobereka ufulu mafuta zidulo maselo m'mnyewa wamtima kuchuluka.
2. Kulakwila kagayidwe mafuta.
3. Kugwa kwa nyumba ya lipoprotein mwa selo.

Nthawi zambiri, njira izi zinayambitsa pa hypoxia, matenda (diphtheria, TB sepsis) ndi kuledzera ndi chlorine phosphorous, kapena Arsenic.

Childs, mafuta alibe kusintha, ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyumba foni ali yafupika nthawi. Koma ngati ndondomeko ikulira kwambiri, zonse itha imfa ya minofu ndi limba. Clinicians akutsatira matenda kugwirizana ndi kudzikundikira mafuta maselo:

- matenda Gaucher ndi;

- matenda Tay-Sachs;

- Niemann kuwasankha matenda, ndi ena.

zimam'patsa dystrophy

chakudya zonse, zimene zili mu thupi akhoza kugawidwa mu polysaccharides (ambiri amene ali glycogen), glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides: Asidiyu hyaluronic ndi chondroitin, heparin), ndipo glycoproteins (mucins, i.e. ndi ntchofu ndi mucoid).

Pofuna kudziwa chakudya maselo a thupi, mayeso yeniyeni imagwiridwa - Schick anachita. Kwenikweni ake ndi nsalu amaliona ndi asidi nthawi, kenako magenta. Ndipo aldehydes kufiira. Ngati mukufuna kusankha glycogen, ndi reagents akuwonjezeka amylase lapansi. Glycosaminoglycans ndi glycoproteins papezeka methylene buluu. Parenchymal zimam'patsa dystrophy kugwirizana zambiri ndi matenda kagayidwe kachakudya wa glycogen ndi glycoproteins.

Kulakwila kagayidwe glycogen

Glycogen - izo amaika thupi "tsiku mvula njala." Ambiri a iwo anapitiriza mu chiwindi ndi minofu ndi expends mphamvu ichi mosamalira kwambiri. Lamulo zimam'patsa kagayidwe kumachitika mwa dongosolo neuroendocrine. Ntchito yaikulu ndi kuimba, mwachizolowezi, ndi hypothalamic-pituitary dongosolo. Zinabala mahomoni lotentha omwe amalamulira zopangitsa ena onse endocrine.

Kulakwila kagayidwe glycogen ndi kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kuchuluka zake zimakhala, ndi maonekedwe kumene sayenera. bwino kwambiri kusintha zimenezi zikuchitika mu shuga kapena cholowa yosungirako glycogen. Pathogenesis a shuga bwino ndithu anazindikira: maselo a kapamba mabasi kubala insulin ndalama chofunika, ndi nkhokwe mphamvu selo kukhala mofulumira zatha monga shuga si kudziunjikira mu zimakhala ndi excreted m'thupi mu mkodzo. Thupi "akutsegula" nkhokwe yake, ndipo makamaka akufotokozera parenchymal alibe chiwindi. Mu mtima wa hepatocytes kuoneka intervals lucid, ndipo iwo chowala. Choncho, iwo amatchedwa "wopanda pachimake".

glycogenoses cholowa chifukwa chosadziwa kapena kusapezeka kwa michere nawo kudzikundikira glycogen. Pakalipano matenda 6:

- matenda Gierke ndi ;

- matenda Pompe ;

- Glycogen yosungirako mtundu matenda V;

- matenda Zamkazi;

- matenda Forbes-Cori;

- matenda Andersen a.

masiyanidwe awo matenda n'zotheka patapita chiwindi biopsy ndi ntchito gistofermentnogo kusanthula.

Kulakwila kagayidwe glycoprotein

Izi alibe parenchymal chifukwa kudzikundikira mu zimakhala za mucins kapena mucoids. Apo ayi, izi dystrophy amatchedwanso mucous kapena mucoid, chifukwa cha khalidwe inclusions kugwirizana. Nthawi zina kudziunjikira pa mucins woona, koma ofanana ndi zinthu zina zimene sanasindikizidwe. Pankhaniyi, izo zifika ku colloidal dystrophy.

Wamamamayikirosikopu kudziwa minofu si mfundo ya kukhalapo kwa ntchofu, koma katundu wake. Chifukwa chakuti zinyalala ma ndi katulutsidwe viscous chindiletsa outflow wabwinobwino wa madzimadzi ku zopangitsa kuti, cysts anapanga, ndipo nthanoyi amakonda kutupa.

Zimayambitsa mtundu wa dystrophy akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri ndi catarrhal kutupa mucous lapansi. Komanso, ngati matenda otengera kwa makolo pathogenetic chitsanzo kuti Akukwana bwino mkati tanthauzo la mucous dystrophy. Izi enaake fibrosis. Anakhudzidwa kapamba, matumbo chubu thirakiti mkodzo, kapepala biliary, zopangitsa thukuta ndi zopangitsa malovu.

Maonekedwe a mtundu wa matenda zimadalira kuchuluka ndi Kutalika kwa ntchofu kumaliseche kwake. Nthawi zochepa wadutsa kuchokera ku chiyambi cha ndondomeko pathological, m'pamenenso kuti mucous kuchira kwathunthu. Koma nthaŵi zina zaminyewa desquamation, ofoola ziwalo, ndi kuphwanya ntchito akhudzidwa limba.