Pennsylvania ndi antchito a mwalawapangodya. Zosangalatsa zokhudza dziko la Pennsylvania, mizinda ndi zokopa

Dziko la Pennsylvania pa mapu a USA likhoza kuwonetsedwa kumpoto chakummawa kwa dzikoli. Mzinda waukulu wa mafakitale kuno ndi Pittsburgh, amene malo ake ali ndi chuma chambiri chokhala ndi minerals osiyanasiyana. Kuyambira lero, boma ndi limodzi mwa zigawo zomwe zakhala zikutukuka kwambiri m'dziko lonselo.

Oyamba a ku Ulaya

Pennsylvania - boma limene oyamba oyambira ku Ulaya anali a Dutch ndi a Sweden. Mu 1681, Quaker William Penn analandila ngati mphatso yochokera kwa Mfumu Charles II ndi gawo lalikulu lomwe linali kumadzulo kwa Delaware River. Chaka chotsatira adakhazikitsa dzikolo, yomwe idakhala pothawirapo kwa Aprotestanti ndi anthu ena omwe adazunzidwa chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chawo. Patapita kanthawi, William anakhazikitsa mzinda wa Philadelphia, womwe unadzakhala umodzi mwa anthu otukuka kwambiri ku United States.

Nkhondo Yachiweniweni ndi Kudziimira

Pa nthawi imene dziko la North America lonse linayambika nkhondo yapachiweniweni, Pennsylvania inachita nawo mbali ndipo inali pakatikati pa nkhondoyi. Apa, oimira ake anali kumbali ya "kumpoto". Akatswiri ambiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti kusintha kumeneku kunali nkhondo yomwe inachitikira ku Gettysburg mu July-mwezi wa 1863. Chifukwa cha nkhondo pafupifupi anthu zikwi makumi atatu anafa kumbali zonse ziwiri.

Mu 1776, lamulo la boma linakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo. Kenaka ku Philadelphia, pamsonkhano wachiwiri wa makontinenti, Pangano la Independence linalembedwa. Zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu pambuyo pake, lamulo la Federal Constitution linalandiridwa. Pennsylvania ndi boma limene nthawi ya nkhondo yapambuyo pake inkadziwika ndi chitukuko chofulumira kwambiri cha mafakitale ndi zachuma, kuphatikiza ulamuliro wa boma, ndi kukula kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu, poyerekeza ndi madera ena.

Chipangizo cha ndale

Mzindawu ndi Harrisburg. Ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 530,000. Malingana ndi ndondomeko yandale, Pennsylvania ndi boma lolamulidwa ndi parliament bicameral. Lili ndi aphungu makumi asanu a msonkhano wa malamulo (iwo amasankhidwa kamodzi pa zaka zinayi), komanso azidindo 203 a Nyumba ya Oyimilira (amasankhidwa zaka ziwiri). Palinso bwanamkubwa pano. Nthawi ya udindo ndi zaka zinayi, ndipo mutha kusankhidwa kamodzi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti, kuyambira zaka makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu zapitazo, "Republican" ndi "Democrats" amaimirira mu Nyumba yamalamulo ya Pennsylvania mu chiwerengero chomwecho.

Malamulo a m'derali ndi a Khoti Lalikulu. Ilo liri ndi tcheyamani ndi mamembala asanu ndi limodzi. Amasankhidwa kwa zaka khumi. Mwa zina, boma ligawidwa pamtunda wadera m'madera osiyana 66. Pamutu pa aliyense wa iwo ndi bungwe lamilandu atatu a mtendere.

Mayina

Mwalamulo, antchito amatchedwa Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Kotero izo zikuwonetsedwa m'malemba onse a boma ndi pamapu. Derali liri ndi mbiri ya malo abwino kwambiri, omwe ali angwiro pophunzira, ntchito ndi zosangalatsa. Pamodzi ndi izi, wina sayenera kuiwala kuti ndi malo obadwira ku United States. Pogwirizana ndi izi, dziko la Pennsylvania liri ndi dzina linalake lodziwikiratu komanso lachiwiri lomwe ndili "a ogwira ntchito pamwala wapangodya" (mwachitsanzo, "Keystone State"). M'dzina limeneli pali chikondi chachikulu ndi ulemu waukulu kwa anthu okhala m'dzikoli kupita ku dera, lomwe linagwira ntchito imodzi mwachindunji mu chigonjetso cha American Revolution.

Pennsylvania mu nthawi yathu ino

Monga lero, Pennsylvania ndi boma lomwe ndi lolemera kwambiri ku US. Chiwerengero chake ndi anthu oposa 12 miliyoni. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chachisanu ndi chimodzi mu dziko. Maziko a chuma cha kumeneko ndi ulimi. Kuphatikiza apo, mafakitale monga mafakitale apamwamba komanso mafakitale a migodi akhala akukula kwambiri .

Dzikoli lili ndi chiwerengero chokwanira cha umphawi ndi kusowa kwa ntchito, umoyo wapamwamba kwa nzika zakudziko, komanso njira zoyenera zaumoyo ndi maphunziro. Zonsezi zimapereka ufulu woitanitsa Pennsylvania malo abwino kwambiri pazochita zonse ndi zosangalatsa. Anthu amamva bwino komanso omasuka m'madera akuluakulu, komanso m'madera akutali.

Kuwona, zokopa alendo ndi zosangalatsa

Mizinda yayikulu komanso yambiri yomwe Pennsylvania ndi mizinda ya Philadelphia ndi Pittsburgh. Ndizo malo akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale a m'deralo. Palibe chodabwitsa chifukwa chakuti m'madera mwawo malo ambiri omwe akukopa amawonekera. Chifukwa cha mbiri yake yolemera ndi malo okongola, boma limakopa chaka ndi chaka oposa 100 miliyoni oyendera. Ali ndi mwayi wopita ku malo okwana 120 omwe ali ndi mapiri okwana khumi ndi mazana asanu.

Malo ena okondweretsa kwambiri oyendayenda ndi malo otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso nyumba yotchedwa Eisenhower House, yomwe ili ku Gettysburg. Winemaking ndi mzere wosiyana mu chuma cha m'madera ndi mbiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mbali yaikulu ya gawo la zokopa alendo ikuyang'ana pa mbali iyi. Kwa alendo omwe amapita ku boma, pali njira zambiri zoyenera. Zina mwazinthu, chaka chilichonse m'deralo pali zokondwerero ndi zikondwerero zomwe zimaperekedwa ku wopanga.

Zosangalatsa

Pennsylvania ndiyo yokha pakati pa nyanja ya Atlantic ku United States, yopanda nyanja. Chilichonse chomwe chinali, izi sizinalepheretse dera kuti likhale limodzi mwazikulu zandale komanso zachuma za boma ngakhale atangoyamba kumene.

Kumadera a kumpoto kwa America, boma linali limodzi mwa oyamba kukhazikitsa lamulo lokhudzana ndi kumasulidwa kwa akapolo. Zinachitika mu 1790.

Chilankhulo cha boma la Pennsylvania chikumveka ngati "Ufulu, ukoma ndi kudziimira!".

Ku US, mayiko onse ali ndi zizindikiro zake. Ku Pennsylvania, maluwa amenewa ndi ofufuza mapiri, nsomba za felipepala ya palia ndi Pennsylvanian. Musaiwale kuti ili pano kuti Phil wotchedwa Marmot Phil, akulosera nyengo, akukhala.