Peter Mstislavets: moyo wa zatsopano kwambiri

Ivan Fedorov amati tate wa knigopechati Russian. Komabe, anthu ambiri kudziwa kuti iye anali wothandizira okhulupirika Peter Mstislavets. Komanso anali mwa kulimbikira kuti mbuye chachikulu akutha kumaliza ntchito yake pa makina atsopano osindikizira.

Choncho, m'pomveka kulankhula za amene anali yemweyo Peter Mstislavets? Kodi patsogolo anatha kukwaniritsa? Ndipo zomwe mbiri anapulumuka bwanji izo?

Kubadwa kwa wanzeru kwambiri

N'zovuta kunena kuti zimene ziri chuma cha Peter Mstislavets. The yonena za munthu uyu kwa chiwerengero cha zifukwa bwino anasunga. Koma tikudziwa kuti iye anabadwa mu kumayambiriro kwa zaka XVI pafupi ndi Mstislav. Lero, mzinda lili m'dera la Belarus, ndi mu masiku akale anali Grand Duchy la Lithuania.

Ngati inu mukukhulupirira mbiri, mphunzitsi wa achinyamata Petulo anakhala Francis Skorina. Iwo anali wasayansi odziwika ndi nzeru zapamwamba, amene anakhala wachilembo cha mapepala ambiri sayansi. Ngakhale lero, Belarusians ambiri iye ndi wanzeru kwambiri kuposa nthawi yake. Ndi mbuye anaphunzitsa kuphunzira wake yosindikiza mabuku, izo zinasintha tsoka lake mpaka kalekale.

adakumana

Azambiriyakale simungakhoze zimagwirizana mu Mstislavets maganizo chifukwa Peter kukakhala ku Moscow. Koma anali pano kuti anadziwa Ivanom Fedorovym - amadziwika Moscow madikoni knigopistsem. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Fedorov wakhala nyumba kusindikizidwa, koma akufunika thandizo wamakono.

Peter anavomera kuthandiza mnzanu watsopano, monga ntchitoyi anali sanakonde wake. Choncho, pa chiyambi cha 1563 anayamba kukhala latsopano limagwirira ntchito yosindikiza. ndondomeko zinachitika kwa chaka, koma linaperekedwa kwathunthu kwa khama.

Choyamba Moscow yosindikiza

ntchito yawo yoyamba inali Orthodox buku "Mtumwi" imene inafalitsidwa March 1, 1564. Ndi buku la mabuku wotchuka zauzimu ankachitira mu masiku amenewo maphunziro a ansembe. kusankha izitu ndithu, kuyambira Peter ndi Ivan Fedorov Mstislavets anali okhulupirira moona.

Mu 1565, mbuye tiyeni buku lina Orthodox amatchedwa "Breviary." buku awo pa zigawo wonga, amene akwiyitsidwa kwambiri m'deralo enumerators mabuku. Latsopano Typography zingasokoneze awo "ntchito", ndipo iwo anaganiza kuti amuchotsepo kuti anthu olemba.

Care wa Moscow ndi tsinde la mbewu yake yosindikiza

Akuluakulu ziphuphu mlandu Fyodorov ndi Mstislavets mpatuko ndi zongoganiza, nchifukwa chake iwo amachoka kwawo. Athandize woyamba ndi analandira ndi Chilituyaniya hetman GA Hadkevich. Apa amisiri wakumanga latsopano makina osindikizira komanso ngakhale lofalitsidwa buku pamodzi amatchedwa "didactic Uthenga Wabwino" (Chaka - 1569).

Kalanga ine, mbiri chete, chifukwa anapita njira ya anzanga. Komabe, amadziwika kuti Peter Mstislavets iye anasiya ntchito makina osindikizira mu Zabludovo ndipo anasamukira ku Vilna. Tikumbukenso kuti Petulo sanachite tiziwononga nthawi pachabe ndipo posakhalitsa anatsegula situdiyo wake. Anamuthandiza mu abale Ivan ndi Zinovy Zaretsky ndi amalonda Kuzma ndi Luka Mamoniches.

Pamodzi, anapanga mabuku atatu: "Uthenga" (1575), "Masalmo" (1576) ndi "Breviary" (za 1576). Books zalembedwa ndi typeface latsopano zinalengedwa ndi Peter Mstislavets. Mwa njira, m'tsogolo adzakhala chitsanzo kwa chilengedwe cha zilembo ambiri Evanjeriko ndipo amulemekeza a ansembe.

Ulipobe

Ndi zomvetsa chisoni, koma ubwenzi wa kugwirizananso sanakhalitse motalika kokwanira. Mu March 1576 mayesero unachitikira, omwe ankaona kuti ndi ufulu kukhala ndi makina osindikizira. Woweruza chisankho Mamoniches abale anatenga mabuku onse komanso tinkawasindikiza ndi Peter Mstislavets anachoka ndi zida ufulu zilembo. Zitachitika, ndi kuda ambuye yayikulu anataya mbiri.

Komabe ngakhale lero pali anthu amene kumbukirani, amene anali Peter Mstislavets. Photo mabuku wake kaŵirikaŵiri amawonekera mu maudindo a webusaiti ya National Library ya Belarus, monga iwo likusungidwa Mabaibulo angapo za ntchito zake. Ndipo chifukwa iwo ulemerero wa buku mbuye likuwala kwambiri ngati masiku akale, kupereka kudzoza kwa woyamba wamng'ono.