Phale - ndi chiyani ichi? Kodi osiyana ndi mbiya zadothi?

Anthu kuyambira nthawi yakale ntchito kupanga mbale faience makapu. Ndipo masiku ano, mbiya imatengedwa pafupifupi singasiyanitsidwe. Ngakhale kalembedwe katundu, kupanga luso lawo zikusintha, koma zinthu akhala sichinasinthe. faience Kodi ndi zimene zimaonetsa kuti ali - kuyesetsa kumvetsa nkhani imeneyi.

ndi faience Kodi

Faience - ndi zinthu zimene anapanga mbale, mkati, zinthu kamangidwe , etc. Iwo amakhala ndi fragility, kachulukidwe ndi porosity chabwino ... Dzina la buku ili amachokera ku mzinda wa ku Italy wa Faenza, amene anali wotchuka ndi kupanga mankhwala ceramic.

Phale zimagwiritsa ntchito yopanga tableware, alendo ndi mphatso zosiyanasiyana ceramic. Mafano a mtundu amasiyana zadothi kuwala ndi machulukitsidwe wa mitundu nayang'ana lowoneka kwambiri. Koma tableware, kukhitchini wa zadothi zambiri opangidwa mawonekedwe yosavuta zikuwoneka zachilendo. N'changwiro chakudya tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tableware yosavuta.

mitundu phale

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ndi kuchuluka zosafunika muli mitundu yambiri ya dongo:

1. Mbali yokhala ngati dothi - kupatula khwatsi ndi woyera dongo wapangidwa ndi choko ndi dolomite. Ndi zina izi mankhwala ali zosavuta kwambiri komanso waliwiro.
2. phale zofewa - akuwonjezeka ochiritsira zosiyanasiyana plavni - zinthu zomwe ndi pa matenthedwe processing fusible pawiri.
3. Feldspar phale - lili kuchuluka kwa feldspar (mchere thanthwe kupanga).
4. Mwakhama ware - ndi chuma ambiri cholimba. mankhwala amenewa ndi katundu mkulu mawotchi. Obzhog olimba phale akudutsa pa kutentha kwambiri.

Mbiri phale

Anthu ankadziwa zimene faience, wina 4 zikwi. BC. e. The zikuchokera kwa mbiya koyamba yosiyaniranapo kuchokera lero. Mu Mesopotamia ndi Iguputo phale nkhani anapanga timiyala khwatsi doped ndi koloko laimu, mkuwa, ndi zitsulo.

Patapita nthawi yaitali, phale anaonekera mu World Old. Choyamba anatulutsa otchedwa majolica m'mizinda ina Italy. Ndiye zadothi mankhwala a mkulu khalidwe anapanga France, mu Saint-Porsche.

Mu Russia, faience atatchuka m'zaka XVIII. Mu Moscow, lonse fakitale kwa kupanga mankhwala ceramic. Delftware ndalama mwa anthu mosathamanga mofulumira ndipo anali wotchuka kwambiri. Zamgululi zomera zosiyanasiyana kusiyana. Choncho, mbuye wa manufactory Grebenshchikov utoto mbale pa enamel yonyowa. Mbiya Association Kuznetsova osiyana wachikuda glaze ❖ kuyanika, buku mpumulo kapena zojambula yosindikiza. Gzhel fakitale manufactures mankhwala makamaka buluu, komanso golide-utoto.

Konakovo faience

Great chitukuko kupanga mankhwala zadothi anapanga MS Kuznetsov, amene anagula mu 1870 fakitale zadothi mu Konakovo. Anatulutsa makamaka phale dzanja penti kapena kusindikizidwa dongosolo. Pambuyo pa zaka 20, Kuznetsov anayamba kutulutsa zakudya polufayans, zadothi ndi zoumbaumba. Popeza m'ma 20s. XX m'ma fakitale anayamba idzagwiritsa ojambula zithunzi zabwino ndi ambuye a penti kulenga dongosolo wokongola pa mbale ndi zolengedwa zauchinyama ziboliboli. ntchito zawo zinali kufunika, womwe anathandiza kupititsa patsogolo ulimi.

Pa nthawi, aluso anali Ngokhoza kulenga mulingo wina wa mankhwala ake: organic mawonekedwe zinthu zadothi kusewera mokondwera ndi yowala utoto potechnyh glaze. Konakovo faience zimagulitsidwa ku mayiko ambiri. Mankhwala ena mosamala m'Baibulo pofuna masiku athu.

Semikarakorsk zoumbaumba

Semikarakorsk faience - chooneka luso chodabwitsa Don dziko. dera Rostov ankachita nawo zotsimikizira mbiya kuchokera kalelo. amapeza zambiri akatswiri apeza kuli artisanal potteries Semikarakorsk kuyambira Chikristu chisanayambe.

Art kalembedwe Semikarakorsky phale mbali zojambula pachiyambi, buketno-zamaluwa zokongoletsera, zithunzi zachilengedwe, amajambulapo maluwa okongola mbiri. Ambuye mu zojambula ake anatha kupereka kukongola kwa dera lawo, Don mwambo, mzimu wa Cossacks.

Chifukwa mkulu mlingo wa luso luso Semikarakorsk faience padziko lonse kupeza zosemasema.

Mitundu phale

Masiku ano, kulikonse ntchito mbiya. Ichi ndi chifukwa osati kwa mtengo wake otsika, koma ndi kuphweka yopanga nkhani. The zambiri opangidwa phale mbale: mbale, mbale kwa appetizers ndi mbale yaikulu, chakuya mbale, seledochnitsy, limaimira mkate ndi pastry, msuzi, tureens bouillon msuzi ndi Miphika, makapu kwa otentha zakumwa, mkaka jugs, mugs, mchere ndi shuga. Nthawi zambiri masiku ano m'masitolo munakwanisa kuona zosiyanasiyana kwambiri zinthu mapulani ku faience, matailosi, zimbudzi. Home ziwiya umboni umenewu si za kukoma wabwino wa mwini, komanso za chuma chake bwino.

Kodi ziwiya za kukhitchini

Khwatsi, refractory: zigawo ziwiri, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kulenga phale woyera dongo. The ndondomeko ya zotsimikizira mankhwala ceramic akuyamba ndi chithandizo lomaliza. Choncho, yoyaka ikuchitika kangapo misa dongo pa kutentha 1050 ° C, pa ichi, ayenera kusintha mtundu. Ndiye pa kutentha 950 ° C umagwiritsidwa ndi mandala kapena akuda glaze. Pa chomaliza ndi adzathe kuwombera. Monga Chifukwa kukhudzana faience misa amakhalabe porous ndi oyenera chifukwa chopanga zodzikongoletsera. Ngati mbiya ndi zipolopolo pa kutentha otsika, ndibwino kusunga kwambiri underglaze utoto.

Choncho, nkhani udzadutsa masitepe ambiri processing, pamene akukonzekera faience. Photo mbale kupanga ndondomeko chikusonyeza zingawakhumudwitse ndondomeko imeneyi.

faience ukhondo

M'zaka zaposachedwapa ndi wotchuka kwambiri phale ukhondo. kupanga ake zikuchitika pa luso losiyana kuposa kupanga mbale kapena mafano. Kuti alenge mkulu mphamvu zakuthupi TACHIMATA ndi katundu wapadera ❖ kuyanika. Ndi yoyenera ndiponso mosamala ntchito dothi kuikira kutumikira motalika kokwanira Pankhaniyi izo amaoneka mofanana pa nthawi ya kugula.

Kodi kusiyanitsa ndi mbiya ku China

Ambiri sadziwa kusiyana zadothi kuchokera mbiya, ndipo nthawi zambiri osokonezeka, koma pakati pawo pali kusiyana. mankhwala Ceramic yodziwika ndi digiri otsika whiteness, wamkulu khoma makulidwe ndi mphamvu m'munsi. zinthu anamaliza ndi kusiyana ndi akalumikidzidwa yosalala. Ziwiya za kukhitchini, poyerekeza ndi dongo sangathe kusunga kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali. Komanso, mankhwala amenewa sangaime kutentha. Ngati mbale osambitsidwa madzi otentha, zikhoza osokoneza. Choncho, nthawi zambiri ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito tableware zopangidwa zadothi.

Kuti timvetse bwino kusiyana zadothi kuchokera mbiya, mukhoza kupanga kufanizitsa kwa malonda zinthuzi. Kusiyana choyamba chofunika - phunziro la sonority. Ziyenera kukhala zovuta kugogoda m'mphepete mwa mbale. Zadothi limatulutsa yaitali ndi osiyana phokoso. Pa nthawi yomweyo belu faience thud.

Ndi n'zotheka kudziwa faience ndi zinthu kunja. Ziwiya zopangidwa zoumbaumba Kodi kachilombo kuwala. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mankhwala zipolopolo pa kutentha otsika. Kusiyana chidwi ndi yosalala pansi padziko mbale. Nthawi zina mukhoza kuona dimples ang'ono, amene anapanga pa kuwombera. Yerekezerani pansi china nthawi zonse zamwano.

Ogwirizira a ziwiya za kukhitchini kukhala chuma zambiri kumuthandiza ndi kuwunika chikhalidwe chake. Ngati ming'alu ntchito mankhwala amenewa ndi osafunika, popeza mabakiteriya kudutsa mu pores phale ndipo kungakhale chitukuko cha matenda osiyanasiyana.

Posamalira faience

Mofanana ndi mbale aliyense, phale mankhwala amafuna chisamaliro yeniyeni. Tangoganizirani za katundu wa nkhaniyi, m'pofunika kwambiri kutsatira malamulo a ntchito, kutalikitsa moyo utumiki wa faience.

Ulamuliro chofunika kwambiri - kusamba nkhani ya dongo yekha mu madzi ofunda ndi muzimutsuka ozizira. Pankhani ya madzi otentha pa mbale anapanga ming'alu ing'onoing'ono osweka dongosolo zakuthupi.

Detergents, makamaka ufa, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuchepetsa zinada ziwiya za kukhitchini angagwiritsidwe ntchito njira ya soda kapena mchere ndi viniga mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. Makamaka ayenera mosamala kusamalira nkhani ndi golide. chakuti kanjedza, amene chokongoletsedwa ndi faience, Khoma. Choncho, pambuyo mobwerezabwereza kutsuka sizisintha. Koma gilding - amanena pa glaze ndi pang'onopang'ono achotsa ntchito zonse. Choncho, malo chokongoletsedwa ndi utoto golide, simungathe opaka kwambiri, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu zofewa kapena siponji. Chotsani Madontho kuchokera mankhwala phale mungathe ndi nsalu wothira pang'ono ammonia.

Ngakhale ubwino wa dongo, anthu adakali kupitiriza kugula mbiya. Izi zimachititsa kuti munthu opanga ceramic kubala zatsopano zosiyanasiyana za cholinga chake.