Propylene glycol - ndichiyani? katundu mankhwala, ntchito

Mmodzi wa ambiri mu zodzikongoletsera, mafuta onunkhira chakudya makampani, komanso dera luso ndi chinthu organic za thupi alcohols. Dzinali - propylene glycol. Ndi chiyani icho? Taganizirani katundu, kapangidwe maselo ndi ntchito pawiri m'nkhani.

Propylene glycol - ndichiyani?

Izi dialcohol anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mwamsanga pamene iwo anapeza zimene zothandiza ndiponso zofunika katundu nyamayi. Kunja kumasiyana pang'ono kuchokera Mowa kapena glycerol, komanso madzi bwino. Komabe, kukhuthala ake ndi apamwamba kuposa Mowa, koma poyerekeza wa glycerol. Malinga ndi kawopsedwe ake ndi zambiri lonyozeka kwa mnansi yapafupi pa nkhani magazi - ethylene glycol.

Ngati ethanediol - poizoni amphamvu, ndi propylene glycol - palibe. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu izi zachokera katundu thupi ndi mankhwala. Ngati ife mwachidule pofotokoza Boma yayikulu kwambiri mu pali propylene glycol, ntchito adzalamulira kumabungwe angapo chuma.

1. Mankhwala makampani.
2. Ndege ndi kumanga galimoto.
3. Mafuta ndi mafakitale mpweya.
4. Kujambula ndi makampani varnish.
5. Zodzikongoletsera ndi popanga mafutawa makampani.
6. Chakudya Yopanga.
7. Luso munda wa ntchito.
8. Medicine.

N'zoonekeratu kuti tiganizire chinthu ndi lofunika mankhwala zipangizo ndi chandamale zofunika kwa kupanga wabwinobwino ndi ntchito nyumba zosiyanasiyana. N'chifukwa chake kupanga mankhwala adzakhala masamu mu matani pa chaka. wolowa wake ndi imports pakati pa maiko awiri anagwiritsanso mwachangu. Pafupifupi gawo ntchito ndi kupanga zimakhudza ntchito zinthu monga propylene glycol. Ndi chiyani icho? ndi matabwa ake mankhwala, chilinganizo ndi katundu chiyani? Ife ifufuza zina.

Dongosolo ndi molekyulu

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mitunduyi imene mungasonyezere osati Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe zikuchokera molekyulu, koma kuti kumangidwa atomiki mu izo, ndiko kuti, kapangidwe ka nkhani.

1. Maselo kapena wazotsatira. Malinga ndi chilinganizo izi zikhoza adzaweruzidwa zikuchokera pawiri lapansi. Propylene glycol adzaoneka ngati C ₃ H ₈ O _2. Koma ngati mbiri sapereka n'zotheka kulosera za katundu ndi zinthu, chifukwa dongosolo la osadziwika atomiki.
2. The condensed structural chilinganizo. Mu nkhani iyi, propylene zikuchokera ali chilinganizo yomweyo koma mwina mitundu iwiri: 1,2 - propanediol CH ₂ o-CHOH-CH _3, ndi 1,3-propanediol CH ₂ o-CH ₂ -CH ₂ HA. Udindo wa gulu zinchito anakopa reactivity wa thunthu. Pakati pa okha nyumba awiri - isomers.
   
3. Full structural chilinganizo. Izo zikusonyeza lililonse chomangira mu molekyulu, monga pawiri pakati mpweya ndi wa hydrogen. The propylene glycol maulalo onse umodzi Sigma-mtundu, kotero kuimira tanthauzo lenileni la dongosolo la sakutero.

Monga mankhwala propylene yosavuta - madzi amene ndi osakaniza racemic nyumba ziwiri kuwala isomeric. Izi ndi chifukwa asymmetric mpweya atomu mu unyolo. Motero, munthu imazungulira ndege ya kuwala magetsi lamanja ndi wina adzasiyidwa. Komabe, katundu wa thunthu lonse ndi pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu.

thupi katundu wa thunthu

Kumbali ya magawo thupi, 100% propylene glycol ali ndi makhalidwe awa.

1. Colorless madzi, wakuda, viscous, ali zikutanthauza kachulukidwe phindu.
2. Pa m'kamwa, sweetish, fungo yeniyeni.
3. Ndi zosungunulira wabwino kwa anthu a pafupifupi magulu onse a zinthu.
4. Sam propylene glycol ndi sungunuka m'madzi ndi mowa ndi zoipa - mu benzene ndi efa.
5. Kuwira kufika - 45.5 ⁰ C pa kuthamanga bwinobwino. ukuwonjezeka mlingo pampanipani ndi kuwonjezeka.
6. Iwo ali digiri yapamwamba ya hygroscopicity.
7. Iwo akusonyeza otsika imapanga dzimbiri.

katundu amenewa thupi ndi kudziwa minda yaikulu ya ntchito ya thunthu. Pambuyo propanediol angathe kuchepetsa olimba sing'anga msampha mpweya chinyezi ndi ndichimanga, kutsitsa kutentha kwa zinthu, zimasweka pawiri ozungulira. Choncho, ntchito makampani chakudya.

katundu mankhwala

Ku maganizo a reactivity, 1,3-propylene glycol ndi zotakasika zambiri isomer. Komanso akhoza polymerize. Ambiri, pali zochita zikuluzikulu amatha kulowa mowa dihydric.

1. Esterification. Ndi organic zidulo ndi zochita kupanga ndi anachita kupanga esters.
2. Malinga ndi mmene soda amapereka glycolates, chinthu chomwecho chimachitika mu mogwirizana ndi zitsulo soda.
3. Angathe madzi m'thupi ndi mapangidwe aldehydes, allylic alcohols dimetildioksanov ndi mankhwala ena.
4. zochita Dehydrogenation kuyambitsa mapangidwe acetol, aldehydes, zidulo.
5. makutidwe ndi okosijeni The limodzi ndi mapangidwe tinthu wa acetone, propionaldehyde, asidi lactic, formaldehyde ndi mankhwala ena.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala makampani imatengedwa otetezeka chilengedwe. Inde, chifukwa cha stepwise kuwola molekyulu kupangidwa monga madzi ndi mpweya wa carbon dioxide. zimachitika motere:

• propylene glycol;
• asidi lactic;
• PVK (pyruvic acid) ;
• madzi;
• mpweya.

Choncho ankaona zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani imeneyi zolinga zosiyana: onse luso ndi chakudya ndi zodzikongoletsera.

Zotsatira kawopsedwe pa thupi ndi

Propylene glycol - ndichiyani mawu mmene pa thupi la munthu? Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana ndipo zatsopano asonyeza kuti mwachindunji zoipa yaikulu zimakhala moyo ndi ziwalo, pawiri uyu alibe. Sayambitsa kuyabwa ndi redness a khungu, si kudziunjikira mu chiwindi ndi impso, monga yopuma ngakhale pa njira kwa iwo.

Zatsopano pa mbewa amene ankadya tsiku propylene glycol, anasonyeza kuti si bwanji umoyo ndi miyoyo ya zamoyo. Komabe, ngati nthawi yaitali ntchito mankhwala kukonzekera munali yambiri thunthu, akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto impso, ntchito yawo ndi wokhulupirika kusweka. Koma zimenezi ziyenera kudyedwa wambirimbiri kwenikweni koyera 100% propylene glycol, ndiwo kumene zosatheka.

Choncho, kumwa mowa mu zodzikongoletsera, mafuta onunkhira chakudya makampani amaloledwa malinga ndi malamulo. Yekha kungasokoneze zingabweretse pa anthu amene amadwala matenda a pakhungu, dermatitis, chikanga ndi njira zovuta za ziwengo. Mu nkhani iyi, ali osavomerezeka ntchito creams, mafuta, mankhwala ochapira tsitsi ndi mankhwala ena okhala thunthu.

kupanga Makampani

katundu mankhwala kulola propylene kupeza propylene okusayidi kwa izo akamaziwononga kutentha (200 ⁰ C) ndi kukakamizidwa (1.6 MPa). Pankhaniyi mankhwala ndi zosakaniza zitatu izi:

• propylene glycol;
• glycol;
• tripropylene.

Pakuti processing ndi njira kulekana kwa kuthetsa ndime wapadera ntchito. The chotsirizidwa ali mkulu phindu chiyero (99%), choncho nthawi yomweyo okonzekera ntchito. Chakudya propylene glycol amaloŵamo processing zina, kusunga nthawi ya zaka ziwiri.

Gwiritsani ntchito zoletsa kuwuma

Choyamba mowa onse ntchito makampani monga kutentha chonyamulira. Propylene glycol akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu teploustanovkah mu osiyanasiyana kutentha kwa -40 ⁰ C kwa 108 ⁰ C. Komanso ake luso otsika dzimbiri amalola kukhala zida. Choncho propanediol ntchito:

• Kutentha;
• zowongolera a mitundu yonse ya nyumba;
• mpweya wabwino;
• Yozizira zakudya.

Ntchito zodzoladzola

Luso la mankhwala kuti ugwire ndi kumumanga madzi, omwazika, kuwongolera kapangidwe, fungo mamolekyulu kunyamula magwero izo ntchito zodzoladzola ndi mafakitale popanga mafutawa. Komanso, reactivity otsika ndi chitetezo mawu a zachilengedwe, mankhwala komanso kudziwa kusankha chigawo ichi ndi kulenga creams, mankhwala ochapira tsitsi, pastes, mafuta ndi zina.

Pali makampani kuti apereke kugula propylene glycol. Price zimadalira ndende ya mankhwala ndi kuchuluka kwa dongosolo. Iwo ranges ku rubles 150 kapena 170 pa kilogalamu.

The ntchito makampani chakudya

Mu adzasowa chakudya propylene glycol kudziwika monga E1520. Iye ali chiwalo cha mankhwala ambiri amene ali pasty, poterera kugwirizana ndi Confectionery olimba. udindo wake - kupezeka, olimbikitsa, kuzirala, kumalongeza.