Payipi unsembe: Njira ndi matekinoloje

Chitukuko cha mafakitale masiku ano ndi chuma m'matauni ndi zosatheka popanda mapaipi zolinga zosiyana. Mosadodometsedwa ntchito Kutentha madzi, zimbudzi, gasi, mafuta mizere, ndi zina zotero. G. zingakhalepo nkhani yekha kwa chakudya cha umisiri ndi miyezo pa kuika awo. Payipi msonkhano njira, pali zambiri.

Kodi njira angagwiritsidwe ntchito

Pano pali njira yaikulu ya khazikitsa mizere:

• njira Public ikukhudza msonkhano misewu pa zogwiriziza, komanso khomo limodzi ndi kuyenda kudutsa madamu.
• Tatseka kapena trenchless njira. Zimatengera kuika mapaipi pansi popanda nthaka ija.
• Chobisika mode. Pankhaniyi, chitoliro Tambasula a ngalande anakumba.

Mizere msonkhano, malingana ndi makhalidwe a sing'anga kusamutsidwa, njira unsembe ndi yozungulira zinthu chitoliro angagwiritsidwe ntchito, anapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana: konkire, zitsulo, pulasitiki, ceramic, asibesitosi. M'mizinda madzi chitoliro kuika angathe kuchitidwa mu ngalande chomwecho ndi mauthenga ena (Kutentha misewu, ma TV ndi T.). Iwo amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito monga ngalande ndi njira umisiri.

Imachitika njira lotseguka atagona mapaipi

Pochita ndondomeko zina ikuchitika atagona mipope Kutentha, madzi, ukhondo ndi zina zotero. G. Mu ntchito mzere ndimeyi njira motsutsana njira ngalande ali ndi mwayi wina osiyana. mipope anaika mwa iwo sali pansi kuthamanga pa chikhamu dothi kapena kayendedwe, choncho yayitali. The sangathe wa njira imeneyi akuti ndi mwayi osauka misewu, ngati n'koyenera, kuzikonza.

payipi unsembe mu njira otaya ndi wokwera mtengo. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi, akatswiri kutumikira makampani ndi mwayi misewu popanda kufunika yomanga.

Pamwamba chitoliro pansi amangoona miyala yekha m'madera kudwala midzi anthu, monga misewu kanthawi zotero. D. Amathandiza pansi iwo akhale onse konkire ndi zitsulo nyumba, overpasses, nyumba ndi mipanda choncho. D.

Njira mapaipi m'mizinda angakhale osiyana. Koma Mulimonsemo mzere wa midzi ndi anatulutsa wa zone kuthamanga mu nthaka ndi zomera ndi nyumba. Izi zimathandiza kusunga maziko a yojambula ndi mlanduwo. Onse mobisa m'tawuni zofunikira anawagawa m'magulu atatu lalikulu waukulu, mulendo ndi kugawa. The mitundu woyamba ndi aya zonse zazikulu Intaneti wa m'mudzi. Transit mapaipi mwa dera la mzinda, koma palibe zilibe ntchito. Kuitana yogawa mzere anakafika ku pakati mwachindunji nyumba.

Chobisika njira woyala

Payipi kumanga njira imeneyi imagwiridwa zambiri. The mwayi waukulu atagona mipope mu ngalande ndi cheapness ake wachibale. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi ndondomeko msonkhano chiyenera kuchitika mosamalitsa. Ndipotu mwayi kwa mapaipi mu nkhani iyi ndi ovuta ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti kukonza payipi chofunika monga infrequently ngati nkotheka.

Malamulo a ntchito ndi gasket chobisika

Ngalande pansi khwalala angagwiritsidwe ntchito melkozaglublennye kapena akuya. Mbali yoyamba, payipi kuika yotentha ndi masentimita 50-90. Pamene ntchito njira ngalande kwambiri anakumba pansi pa yozizira koopsa pansi. Kuika angathe kuchitidwa pa akuya mafakitale 5 mamita pamene atagona chitoliro mizere Terms amenewa ankalemekeza .:

1. Ngati zolimba nthaka, mipope anaika mwachindunji pa izo.
2. Pamene atagona pa akuya kwambiri kuposa 4 m, kapena ngati timachubu anapangidwa chuma ndi mphamvu kwambiri, kukonza gawo lapansi yokumba. Choncho mizere anapereka zinthu khamu zovuta hydrogeological.
3. Pansi pa ngalande zakonzedwa m'njira yakuti mipope kulowa naye m'dziko. Alipo opanda wakume- wodzazidwa ndi mchenga kapena dothi.
4. Pamaso pa madzi pansi otsika malo maenje kukonza achoke kwawo.

Chobisika unsembe mtundu: luso mbali

mizere msonkhano Technology kuphatikizapo anasankha kutengera zinthu chitoliro ntchito. Polymeric zidutswa zingapo welded (kwa 18-24 mamita m'litali) mwachindunji pa malo osungira, kenako kwa malo a gaskets. Apa, mu nyengo ya chilimwe iwo asonkhana mu chingwe mosalekeza, kenako anaika mu ngalande. Unsembe imagwiridwa ndi makina mafoni kuwotcherera. M'nyengo yozizira chitoliro yaikidwa mu ngalande ndi chimodzi chokhudzana ndi gluing kapena kudzera mwa mphete mphira.

Payipi yomanga ceramic kubala otsetsereka kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Isanafike unsembe wa chitoliro ndi anayendera pamaso pa tchipisi. Zolumikizana awo mudakhumudwapo sealingly phula timafupa ndi loko chipangizo wa slurry simenti. About mipope kukhala oyenera ndi konkire. Pamene chisindikizo mu nkhani iyi mphete mphira angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

mapaipi asibesitosi simenti ndi kuthamanga kwa 0,6 MPa anasonkhana ntchito dvuhburtnyh asibesitosi zowalamulira, ndi kuthamanga kwa 0,9 MPa - pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo flanged. mipope Non-kuthamanga ntchito manja cylindrical. Zitsulo msewu amaika mumsewu ntchito kuwotcherera.

njira trenchless

Payipi njira imeneyi zimagwiritsa ntchito pamene n'zosatheka kuti luso covert msonkhano. Mwachitsanzo, ndendende mu mzere Chikoka wotanganidwa misewu, njanji, zofunikira kunja, etc. The njira otsatirawa trenchless kuika mapaipi ..:

• puncture;
• akukankha kudzera;
• yopingasa pobowola;
• akatero galimoto.

Jacking

Malinga ndi njira imeneyi kukokera mapaipi mu loamy ndi dongo dothi. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi angakhoze kuikidwa 60 mamita Mabodza njira imeneyi motere .:

• zitsulo chubu pa nsonga ndi zakutha;
• pa mtunda wina ku chowalepheretsa kukumba dzenje ndi kuliyika ilo mu wodziŵa hayidiroliki pa zogwiriziza;
• Iwo adatchithisira m'dzenje ndi chubu anaikapo m'menemo aang'ono awiri chubu - «ramrod";
• inatulutsa phased nthaka puncture.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi pansi kunja sangathe kuchotsedwa. Mu ndondomeko ya puncture wasindikizidwa ndi circumference wa chitoliro lapansi.

jacking njira, ndi chishango galimoto luso

matekinoloje Komanso nthawi zambiri ntchito ngati n'koyenera, kumanga mapaipi pansi mavuto. Payipi ndi kukhomerera zimathandiza kuthetsa zopinga mpaka mamita zana. Chubu Pankhaniyi mapeto lotseguka amakakamizidwa mu nthaka. Chifukwa mmene mkati lapansi pulagi atachotsedwa.

Tunneling chishango tichipeza thandizo, tsamba ndi gawo mchira. The chachiwiri amapereka thanthwe kudula ndi nyumba recess khamu la. Thandizo gawo ali mawonekedwe a mphete ndipo anafuna kupereka dongosolo la chinthu chimodzimodzi kutero. Mchira gawo ili kutali kasamalidwe chishango.

Polozera yopingasa pobowola

Njira imatengedwa kwambiri mtengo. Koma iye ali limodzi ntchito bwino. Pamatenga ngakhale dothi kwambiri wandiweyani ndi ntchito njira zamakono zimenezi. Tikubooleza Pankhaniyi zikhale ndodo wapadera zolumikizana kumadalira. Yomanga angathe kuchitidwa pa liwiro 1,5-19 m / h. Mwatsoka, njira imeneyi sangathe ntchito pamaso pa malo pansi.

Choncho, kusankha njira limadalira atagona mapaipi maonekedwe a nthaka, chuma kupanga mapaipi, kupanga chofunika. Mulimonsemo, thunthu msonkhano luso ayenera kutsata chimodzimodzi. Apamwamba mzere - mutsimikizira uyende zomera mafakitale ndi zofunikira oyang'anira tauni.