Psinjika - psinjika Engine ndi ... - Ndi chiyani icho?

Psinjika - kudziwa injini durability china. Ndi kwa chithunzi ichi mlingo wa avale zimadalira m'madera osiyanasiyana galimoto. Choncho, ziziyenda akuyesera kuti amuthandiza m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Engine psinjika - ndichiyani nanga anayeza? M'nkhani lero ife tiyesa kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zodabwitsazi, komanso kuphunzira mmene kuyeza nokha.

mbali

Psinjika - ichi ndi digiri pazipita mpweya m'chipinda kuyaka, amene zimatheka mu nthawi ya pisitoni pa TDC pa psinjika sitiroko. Ukulu wa izi zidalira pa makhalidwe a injini Kutukula ndi durability a asilikali ake onse. Mu mawu yosavuta, psinjika - muyeso wa viability ya injini, ndicho chinthu chachikulu cha boma thanzi lake.

Kodi bwanji?

Kuyambira mlingo wa ukulu wa mfundo zimadalira njira zambiri monga:

1. Kukwaniritsa mafuta kuyaka m'chipinda.
2. mafuta.
3. Kukhoza ntchito yamphamvu ya. Low psinjika kalasi kumaonjezera ngozi ya atatu engine.
4. Tisaletse kuyambitsa injini. Ngati mtengo n'chozama kupitirira yachibadwa psinjika chiŵerengero, injini kuli kovuta kwambiri kuti, makamaka "pa chimfine."
5. Mphamvu ya unit mphamvu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, iwo akhoza kugwera. M'munsi kalasi ya psinjika, m'munsi mphamvu ya galimoto. Choncho, limeneli ofooka khalidwe mphamvu galimoto ndipo mathamangitsidwe.

Zifukwa kutsitsa psinjika

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu kuti psinjika otsika - ndi injini kuti overheat. Pakuti kuwira yaitali mu zonenepa injini anapanga burrs. Iwo akhoza kuoneka pa pistons lapansi. Recent chifukwa Sungunulani kapena kuwotcha kupyolera. Low psinjika (Vaz "chakhumi" banja kuphatikizapo) limasonyeza amavala mphete partitions. Chifukwa zizindikiro mphamvu zonse chimaonekadi pachabe, motero kuwonjezeka mafuta.

Mmodzi mwa zifukwa kuchepa kwa psinjika vuto m'dongosolo nthawi. Pankhaniyi, pali chiopsezo mavavu amatopa. mwatsatanetsatane kosamugonjera kubwezeretsedwa. Mabwinja mavavu ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo, kapena kusiya mphamvu ndi kuwonjezeka mu mafuta sadzaleka.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mmodzi wa mavavu amachititsa amatopa, ndipo mogwirizana ndi kugwa psinjika ndi zosayenera kusintha awo. Ngati mwa iwo alibe zofunika matenthedwe kusiyana, n'zotheka kulankhula za vuto lalikulu mu dongosolo kugawa. Pankhaniyi, mavavu ndi zidzatsekedwa bwinobwino. Komanso kusamvetsetsana lalikulu ndi zinadzala ndi zotsatira zake. Mwachitsanzo, ungamuphe kusowa vavu kutsegula. Chifukwa cha ichi, yamphamvu analandira zochepa mpweya. Chifukwa - kugogoda pa vavu chivundikirocho.

Akutsikira zikuchepa chifukwa psinjika amatopa yamphamvu mutu gasket. Imeneyi, utsi mpweya sadzapita mwa muffler ndi utsi zobwezedwa, ndi mzere wolunjika kapena mafuta mu dongosolo injini kuzirala.

Kodi wina angathe zikuloza kwa psinjika chiŵerengero otsika? Chifukwa chachikulu psinjika anataya, - ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphete pisitoni ndi makoma yamphamvu kukhala. Apa vuto zina limodzi ndi kuchuluka kumwa mafuta ndi mafuta.

Oddly zokwanira, koma ngakhale mpweya fyuluta zingachititse otsika psinjika. chakuti chinthu yatsekera salola mpweya kulowa yamphamvu ya. Choncho, anapanga osakaniza kwambiri Taphunzira, pafupifupi lopanda oxygen. Mu ena modes wa ntchito sizachilendo, koma pamene mafuta ndi wothira mu magawo oterowo nthawi zonse, pali zifukwa mantha.

The chifukwa lotsiriza la kuchepa psinjika - ndi mng'alu mu mutu yamphamvu. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa injini kutenthedwa. Koma ngati mukuganiza kanthu kochita ndi mlingo wochepa wa masitonkeni psinjika milato ong'ambika, psinjika pano. M'malo mwake, panali zimamuchulukira mu kumbuyo kwa galimoto, osati kwambiri.

Kodi yachibadwa injini psinjika?

Kodi izo - ndi psinjika chodabwitsa - ife kale anapeza. Tsopano pang'ono za manambala. Koma choyamba tisaiwale kuti chithunzi ichi wayikidwa akhale lililonse injini payokha, opanga awo. Enieni psinjika mtengo zikusonyezedwa malangizo opaleshoni ya galimoto yanu. Pakuti injini petulo, chizindikiro ichi ayenera kufanana dongosolo la 9.5-10.5 atmospheres. Psinjika VAZ'ov "chakhumi" banja pang'ono apamwamba - 11 ATM. Pa injini dizilo, mlingo wa chiŵerengero psinjika ndi ku atmospheres 28 32. Mu kusintha pakati zonenepa sayenera upambana 0.5-1 ATM mu mafuta ndi 2.5-3 ATM zomera dizilo mphamvu. Izi magulu osiyanasiyana atali psinjika ndi chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta poyatsira. Ngati mafuta kuyaka mkati injini, izo umaunikira mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu, ndiye diesels ali wothinikizidwa. Wotereyu osiyana psinjika. Izi zimapangitsa injini dizilo cholimba ndi kuvala zosagwira. Khalani zasonyeza kuti apamwamba fakitale psinjika chiŵerengero, wamphamvu kwambiri ndi ndalama engine.

Akatswiri amanena kuti psinjika chiŵerengero osiyanasiyana, ngakhale chikhalidwe azilandira luso injini kuyaka mkati. Izi zingachitike chifukwa kusiyana kwa zinthu, imene miyezo anapangidwa.

Pali zifukwa zingapo zimene zimabweretsa ku muyeso wa psinjika amadalira:

1. Voliyumu ya mpweya omwe alowa zonenepa ndi.
2. injini kutentha.
3. crankshaft kasinthasintha pafupipafupi.

M'pofunikanso kuunikila kuti mafuta viscous anakaika pa makoma yamphamvu kumathandiza kuti kuchuluka kufunika kwa chiŵerengero psinjika. zodabwitsazi zimawonedwa chifukwa kusiyana chisindikizo pakati zinthu mating. Mosiyana, psinjika ndi yafupika chifukwa ndi yambiri ya mafuta kuti akulowa m'chipinda kuyaka.

Musati mantha ndikudabwa ngati mtunda wa galimoto - makilomita 200-250 zikwi, ndi kuwerenga muyeso lalikulu kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, 10 atmospheres pa mafuta mkati injini kuyaka). Chifukwa cha ichi chingakhale kudzikundikira zigawo wandiweyani mwaye pa zinthu kuyaka chipinda. Monga kudzikundikira madipoziti izi utachepa buku la chipinda kuyaka palokha, ndipo izi zimabweretsa zotsatira ngati wofooka.

Mu zina, psinjika chiŵerengero ndi kuchuluka?

Kuphatikiza pazifukwa izi chizindikiro akhoza kuwonjezeka chifukwa:

• Kukhalapo kwa mafuta mu chipinda kuyaka.
• Mkulu injini kutentha.
• Full fulumizitsa.

ziziyenda odziwa kuti pamene kuyeza psinjika m'pofunika kulabadira zinthu zitatu zokha: injini kutentha, mafuta ndi malo fulumizitsa.

Kodi tiyenera kuchita kangati miyezo?

Madalaivala kuti kuyeza kuchuluka kwa psinjika zofunika zonse makilomita 10-40 zikwi, ndi mfundo zonse zinalembedwa mu kope a. Motero, mudzakhala nthawi zonse kudziwa zimene boma ndi injini yanu pa mphindi. Izi kupewa mavuto amenewo, monga kutenthedwa ya galimoto amatopa mavavu, pistons ndi coking.

Mu zochitika zotani muyenera kuchita miyezo?

Nkofunika kuti adzatsatira malamulo a muyeso wa chizindikiro ichi, chifukwa zimakhudza lolondola muyeso, ndiponso mogwirizana, mopitirira moyo "mtima" wa chitsulo kavalo wanu. Choncho, pamene tikugwira ntchito ndi psinjika Nkofunika kulabadira mfundo zotsatirazi:

• injini kutentha. Metering galimoto kwa kutenthetsa, ndi kutentha kwanthawi pakati pa madigiri 40-60 Celsius.
• Yobweretsa mafuta ayenera sakukhudzidwa.
• Adawalamulira batire. voteji ake ayenera kukhala osachepera 12 komanso osapitirira 14 volts.
• Low chinyezi. Iwo ali osavomerezeka kuti miyezo mu nyengo ya mvula.
• Pamaso kuyeza unscrew makandulo onse zonenepa ndi.
• Kuthimitsa poyatsira.

njira psinjika kayesedwe

Musanayambe, muyenera kuonetsetsa ngati chipangizo kwenikweni (psinjika) kupsa kwa injini ya galimoto yanu. Kukhazikika chitsanzo magalimoto achenjezo wochepa, iwo ndi ovuta ntchito pa powerplants 16 valavu.

Kuyeza psinjika akhoza kukhala mu fulumizitsa poyera ndi chatsekedwa. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti muyeso awiri onsewa. Izi kudziwa vuto injini (ngati) mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri.

Ngati Ngati mlingo anayeza kuchuluka kapena kuchepa n'zotheka kuti matenda - injini yanu zolakwika ndipo amafunika mwamsanga kukonza. Koma musaiwale kuti pali kusintha pang'ono mfundo za zonenepa, amene ife tamutchula uja.

Kuti apange muyeso zolondola, inu muyenera kuthandiza. Choncho, pati ntchito? Muyenera choyamba akanikizire psinjika n'zotsimikizira kwa dzenje yamphamvu, ndicho, kuti kumene inu anawomba nsalu makandulo. Panthawi imeneyi, wachiwiri chikuphatikizapo sitata. Yotsirizira ayenera lolimba pafupifupi 4-6 masekondi. Kenako pa n'zotsimikizira kuthamanga chosonyeza - ayenera kulemba.

Pambuyo Kuyeza wothinikizidwa mu lina panalembedwa kuti chiphaso lotsatira. Iwo kufufuzidwa mofananamo. mwai ziyenera mobwerezabwereza ndi zonenepa onse. Choncho aliyense mtengo osiyana zalembedwa mu kope la. Desirably, mankhwala ndi kayesedwe batire voteji anapereka 13-13.5 volts. Izi adzatipatsa kotunga kuyambira panopa, monga aliyense chachiwiri kasinthasintha sitata batire mlandu akutsikira enaake.

Akamaliza, muyenera kuika mphamvu kumbuyo ndi kukonzanso onani batire voteji. Pamene muyenera recharge kwa volts ochepa.

malangizo abwino

Molondola kwambiri kudziwa chikhalidwe panopa injini sayenera asamangodalira ntchito mpandawo psinjika, komanso chiwerengero cha makhalidwe ena. Kungakhale mlingo wa kugwedera, phokoso, kusinthasintha mu mphamvu ntchito kwa galimoto kusakhala ndi chochita, mafuta ndi mafuta.

Pomaliza

Choncho tidadzatulukira zimene psinjika akhale ndi momwe angathe kuyeza. Zizindikiro pa chida cha molondola kudziwa boma mkati mwa injini, moyo wake otsala ndi zolakwa panopa. Ndipo ngati inu kupeza kuti mulibe psinjika, ngati injini tidzakwatulidwa pansi kuyendera zambiri ndi kukonza. Apo ayi, pambuyo angapo makilomita zikwi, Adzawononga yekha, ndipo palibe kukonza lalikulu angapulumutse iye.