Rimfire zida: Mfundo ndi kusamvana

Mu 1842 ku France, izo udaikidwa otsika phokoso katiriji cholinga cha maphunziro a moto. Lero, mankhwala amadziwika kuti rimfire zipolopolo. mankhwala wina wotchedwa "katiriji mbali-moto." Chifukwa cha phokoso otsika ndi opareshoni odalirika, komanso mtengo wotsika wa mthunzi chotchuka kwambiri mu dziko.

katiriji kapangidwe "mbali moto"

M'zaka za m'ma XIX chotsatira cha French gunsmith Lui Flobera anali mikono ndi zakrayku mbamuikha ku zimayambira ake percussion zikuchokera. Dzina la mthunzi chifukwa chakuti pa mfuti pini kugunda imagwera osati mu malo, koma ziwalo zake zotumphukira.

katiriji Izi si zida ndi mlandu ufa ndi phunziroli. Kuti amasule parison anali mokwanira inflammable mpweya nyimbo kokha. Pamene ntchito makatiriji akuswa pafupipafupi zinachitika pa malo, mmene unakhota awiri pa zitsulo wofooka ndi wamkulu mpweya kuthamanga. Kupanga zipolopolo ntchito advantageously kutsogolera. Nthawi zina ntchito Mwaichi, ndi miyala ina.

Ngakhale atatu ankadziwika projectile likungosonyeza: rimfire zipolopolo 9 mm, 6 mamilimita and 4 mm. Mu 1888, pa katiriji ofotokoza okonza Flaubert America analenga Baibulo lawo likungosonyeza wa 5, 6 mm. Woyamba makono rimfire katiriji 22 ankaona Short, amene isiyana analogi ake ndi kukhalapo kwa mtengo chopopera.

Kodi chipolopolo zapamadzi?

Pansi rimfire zipolopolo kuvumbula anapereka pofuna kupewa kusalankhula kasinthasintha wa chipolopolo mu mbiya njira. Zimenezi, ali ndi ubwino ndi lolondola moto. Oyika kungakhale yachiwiriyo:

• Mosavuta zochotseka. Anaika pamaso kuwombera.
• Lokhazikika.

Chipolopolo zapamadzi ndi mankhwala ndi yosalala inabala wamkati umene tapers uniformly kuyandikira kuipanikiza. Yomanga imeneyi, mfundo ya "kuthamanga yamphamvu" chimene bwino molondola pamene kuwombera. Mu kupanga pamwamba lamkati la zapamadzi chipolopolo ntchito luso njira dornirovaniya. Izi zimamupatsa mankhwala kulimba ankafuna.

Ntchito makatiriji Flaubert

Izi zida ankaona woonda kwambiri ndipo ndi otsika koyamba mathamangidwe a chipolopolo pa, osati choposa 200 m / gawo. msanga choncho lililonse kwa pafupifupi mpweya mfuti. Mosiyana ndi zipolopolo, amene okonzeka ndi Flaubert katiriji mkuwa manja parison ziri kuti m'modzi ndipo olingana likungosonyeza chipolopolo ali misa wamkulu. Chifukwa ichi, firearm ndi wapatsidwa mphamvu kwambiri.

Lero, makatiriji awa si monga otchuka monga momwe ankachitira - iwo kukankhira kunja ndi pellet mfuti mphepo. makatiriji The angagwiritsidwe ntchito mtunda waufupi. Today anapezerapo yopanga revolvers wapadera, kusinthidwa kwa kuwombera makatiriji izi. Revolvers ali ndi njira adziteteze. Pamene kuwombera ndi zida kuleza barreled, ntchito "makatiriji mbali", palibe kuipanikiza kung'anima ndi kulira mokweza. Kuuza mwa makatiriji alimi monga zida moto pa makoswe zoipa. Pakuti Zikatero, Mlengi analimbikitsa mankhwala kupanga chipolopolo ozungulira. makatiriji izi mfuti.

Maonekedwe a katiriji ndi "Monte Cristo"

katiriji zida Russian mlengi Boehringer Flaubert akhala kuimaliza kukonza ndi ogula wakhala akudziwika ngati "Monte Cristo." Mosiyana French mnzake Russian anali mankhwala a malaya olimba ndi yaitali. Komanso okonzeka ndi mlandu ufa wa ufa wakuda. Nkhani kusintha ndi mawonekedwe a chipolopolo.

Chinkatanthauza ndi Chuck bwino kwenikweni zolinga asilikali. Pa nthawi, wapeza ntchito zake kusaka ndi masewera kuwombera. Chifukwa chakuti projectile ali ndi mphamvu otsika ndipo musati angabweretse chiopsezo kuti moyo wa munthu, zida, kugwiritsa ntchito zida si wachinsinsi monga zida zankhondo. Ngakhale izi, boma latsopano la Russia ntchito zida pansi Flaubert zipolopolo ndikoletsedwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti palibe malamulo chofunika chitsimikizo.

Kodi cholinga chake chinali otsika mphamvu Chuck?

Pa nthawi ya katiriji ndi Flaubert anathamangitsa zolinga:

• The katiriji ayenera kukhala otsika phokoso.
• Ndi otsika mphamvu - luso ozama chipolopolo.
• Pamene kuwombera kupereka zonse mkulu lolondola kumenya.

zofunikira pamwamba zimapezeka mwa katiriji 5, 6 mamilimita rimfire.

Features muyezo mfuti katiriji

• Chipolopolo kulemera ndi magalamu 2,55.
• Long katiriji ali ndi kuipanikiza mathamangidwe a 335 m / gawo.
• Pa mtunda wa 50 mamita chipolopolo Iyamba 300 m / s.
• Pa mtunda wa mamita 100 - 275 m / s.
• Mtunda 300 mamita - 217 m / s.
• Ntchito zeroing mu mamita 50 zinadzala ndi njira yodutsamo owonjezera chipolopolo mpaka mamita awiri.
• mamita 100 - 13.
• Ndi mamita 300 - 196.

Mfuti muyezo rimfire katiriji 5, 6 mamilimita amapereka bwino mu chipinda chatsekedwa, amene amakhala ndi kutentha zonse ndi chinyezi.

Boehringer katiriji lero

Today ogula ndi otchuka kwambiri rimfire makatiriji wa likungosonyeza 5.6 mm. Malaya cylindrical ndi zopangidwa ndi zitsulo kapena mkuwa. wokamba nkhani okonzeka ndi flange neorzhavlyayuschim phunziroli zikuchokera ndi kutsogolera chipolopolo bezobolochennoy. Pofuna kuchepetsa svintsevanie awo anawatero ndi lubricants wapadera paraffinic. M'malo a ufa wakuda ntchito, mofulumira grained opanda utsi. Graining izo porous kapena ozungulira.

makatiriji gulu chandamale kuwombera

Katiriji 5, 6 mamilimita rimfire anapeza ntchito yake mu kuwombera mpikisano. Popeza onse ali pa maziko ofananadi chifukwa kufufuza awo amapereka mfundo lonse, chimene chofukizira kungakhale:

• Long mfuti Long mfuti. Pakuti anapereka chodetsa (LR). Ntchito kuwombera kwa mfuti ndi mfuti. The katiriji ali ndi kuipanikiza mathamangidwe a 350 m / s.

• Short - Kurz. Agwiritsidwa okha mfuti. Kubala mkulu-liwiro kuwombera wa silhouettes anakhazikitsa malamulo lonse likhoza ntchito rimfire katiriji 5, 6 mm. Ooneka enieni makhalidwe a likungosonyeza ili pa masewera ankaona kuti kuvomerezedwa ophunzira onse. DZIKO si.

Kodi mayina a ogula ndi mmene amalembedwa?

Malinga kopita rimfire makatiriji wanu anawagawa:

• Sports ndi kusaka. Chipolopolo akulemera magalamu 2.6, ndi katiriji - 3.5 ga katiriji kukula ndi 25,5 mamilimita zipolopolo - 15,6 mm. Ntchito zamasewera mfuti ndi mfuti kuphatikiza. mankhwala amenewa si nkhani kwa olemba.
• Zikhudze-mfuti. Makulidwe zipolopolo zizigwirizana masewera - makatiriji kusaka. Ntchito mfuti muyezo moto pa mtunda waufupi (mamita 50). Amalembedwa ndi kalata "C".
• Mfuti. Ntchito singly masewera mfuti pa mtunda wa mamita 25 mpaka 50. Makulidwe zizigwirizana ogula chandamale. Osiyana kulemera katiriji. The mfuti ali ndi unyinji wa magalamu 3.3. Zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro superposed nyenyezi ziwiri zisanu zisonga.
• Adzafupikitsidwa. Ntchito kuwombera pa mtunda osati choposa mamita 25 m'nyumba. Katiriji kutalika ndi 17,9 mamilimita zipolopolo - 10,55 mm. chipolopolo kulemera - 1,87 ga katiriji - 2,52. Ntchito chodetsa fano ngati bwalo.
• Sports zolimbitsa thupi "Masewerera a Biathlon". Miyeso zizigwirizana yemweyo zamasewera ndi kusaka makatiriji. chipolopolo kulemera ndi 2,7 galamu katiriji - 3.4, nyenyezi zisanu zisonga ntchito ankachita.

Nanga ntchito?

Modern msonkhano ntchito simungakhoze kuchita popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera pyrotechnic monga kumanga makatiriji rimfire. Lero, akhala singasiyanitsidwe ndi malo.

Ntchito ogwiritsa Chuck rimfire akhoza opareshoni mosavuta ndipo mwamsanga ndi simenti, njerwa, plywood ndi zipangizo zina wandiweyani. Tsopano, ntchito katiriji mfuti ndi zipolopolo mu mbuye si kofunika kubowola dzenje. Kugwirizana imagwiridwa yomweyo, amene kwambiri amapulumutsa nthawi ndi khama.

Kodi ogwiritsa katiriji rimfire?

mankhwala ndi wapadera pyrotechnic chipangizo. The ogwiritsa mfuti yomanga makatiriji rimfire ntchito ngati gwero mphamvu wofunikila galimoto anangula ku zipangizo za machulukidwe osiyana. Mosiyana nkhondowo katiriji, zomangamanga amati ulesi, chifukwa si zida ndi chipolopolo. Ilo liri ndi mawonekedwe a malaya laling'ono, limene Dultsev seamed.

Kudzaza ntchito opanda utsi ufa. Kugwiritsa nyumba rimfire katiriji pambuyo detonation cha phunziroli ndi. Zimene kumachitika chifukwa cha pomenya nyundo pa flange m'mphepete. rimfire zipolopolo mu zomangamanga si njira yokha. Palinso mtundu wa Berdan ndi ankhonya makatiriji, chifukwa makapisozi amene yodziwika ndi nkhondo chapakati.

ndi mfundo ya tichitenji?

Zothandiza ogwiritsa mfuti likungosonyeza makatiriji rimfire 5,6h16, 6,8h11, 6,8h15, 6,8h18 ankaloledwa kukhala zipangizo ndi zomangamanga ndi dowels amene miyeso ndinu ochokera masentimita 3 mpaka 8. Ife ntchito mfundo za kukhazikitsidwa mwachindunji.

A kulemera opanda utsi onga omwe, kuyambira zapamadzi pa detonation kapisozi ndi akayaka ndi mpweya kusanduka. The mpweya chotsatira ndi mphamvu amene amachita pa njira imapezeka ogwiritsa dowel mfuti mbiya. Pambuyo poyatsira mlandu pulagi wayamba kusuntha pamodzi anaberekera pamwamba wokwera zakuthupi. Chifukwa, nkhawa yaikulu mu njira dowel likamatenthetsa. Mphamvu ndi khalidwe kugwirizana zimatheka chifukwa yamba ndi pamwamba dowel thupi.

wopanga okhonda Sellier ndi Bellot

Pakati pa opanga ambiri mankhwala talandira kutchuka lalikulu la kampani akunja Sellier ndi Bellot, umene umabala zipolopolo rimfire likungosonyeza 5,6 - 9 mm. Pakuti aliyense mankhwala amapereka yoyenera ufa mlandu. Yomanga chucks 5, 6 mamilimita rimfire ndi mphamvu ndi mu osiyanasiyana 100 - 500 J.

Kodi mtundu wa kapangidwe ndi zipolopolo za?

Ogwiritsa wopanga yachilendo makatiriji zigwirizana wa malaya mkuwa, percussive zikuchokera ndi ufa mlandu. Pofuna zikayamba ake Dultsev malaya seamed cheza asterisk. Nthawi zina, makatoni wad angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

zofooka

The sangathe wa mankhwala akuti ndi mtengo wake mkulu. Ichi ndi chifukwa ntchito kupanga mtengo milandu mkuwa katiriji. sangathe ina yopanga Sellier ndi Bellot ndi mlandu chopopera zimayikidwa mu malaya momasuka ndipo si mbamuikha. Izi amachepetsa mphamvu katiriji lapansi.

Russian zopangidwa mankhwala

Yomanga 5,6-6,3 mamilimita likungosonyeza makatiriji chopangidwa mu Russia, si akwaniritsa zofunikira za Brussels Convention chifukwa kukambapo ndi 5 mm malaya kutalika. Komanso ali osakwanira mphamvu ntchito ndi mphamvu mkulu woyang'anira. Mu Russia, yomanga anapanga zida rimfire likungosonyeza 6,8 mm. Ufa mlandu ali malaya setifiketi, ponena kutseka asterisk zozungulira.

ndi wamakono wa yomanga katiriji chiyani?

Pambuyo maphunziro ambiri ogwiritsa makatiriji rimfire kutukula anaganiza awo kumatheka chifukwa kuwonjezera osalimba. Ndondomeko ikuchitika ndi compressing mtengo ufa. Kukhala ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri, malaya amatha kupirira ponso zimenezi. Mu muyezo katiriji pambuyo yomanga pini wopha uyatsa onga granular mlandu. The mmunsi mwa kudzanja limapangidwa mlandu ndi osalimba otsika. Kupezeka kwa mipata pakati pa mbewu saletsa ndi kuyaka. Mu katiriji, ndi younikanso otsiriza, kachulukidwe ukuwonjezeka, ndi chifukwa, kwa mipata deta ndi kuchepetsedwa kenako kumatha mabacteria kuyaka munthu kudzanja.

Anaganiza kulenga latsopano katiriji likungosonyeza 5.6 mamilimita ndi ntchito kuchuluka mphamvu ogwiritsa mfuti. Mu modernized Chuck kuyaka buku ukuwonjezeka kwambiri ndi ndondomeko chimaposa uniformly. Complete kuyaka zigawo zikuluzikulu chopopera. Pambuyo kuwonjezeka kachulukidwe anati posungira mpweya unburned zigawo onga. Chifukwa cha nyenyezi kukhazikika pa malaya kapena katoni wads sichinaululidwe asanakalambe. Zomwe kachulukidwe ndi psinjika amalola mlandu akonzekeretse zapamadzi misa wamkulu wa ufa kuti mopindulitsa amakhudza mphamvu. Chinawonjezeka ndi 30%.

Choncho, wamakono yakhudza okha nkhani zapamadzi. magawo kunja ndi miyeso kukhala sichinasinthe. Poyerekeza ndi kakulidwe makatiriji zofanana muyezo kukhazikitsidwa, atsopano kuchuluka mphamvu.

Pomaliza

Masuku pamutu rimfire makatiriji zitha anadutsa pambuyo malangizo chitetezo. Asanayambe ntchito, mbuyeyo ayenera kudziwa kachulukidwe ali ndi mlandu ufa, pulagi zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Chidziwitso cha dongosolo ndi kumanga awo makatiriji makhalidwe deta chingatithandize konza ntchito ndi kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa chuma ntchito ndi chida.